CN108494522A - A kind of building method of numerical model analysis Constructing Chaotic Code - Google Patents
A kind of building method of numerical model analysis Constructing Chaotic Code Download PDFInfo
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- CN108494522A CN108494522A CN201810071573.1A CN201810071573A CN108494522A CN 108494522 A CN108494522 A CN 108494522A CN 201810071573 A CN201810071573 A CN 201810071573A CN 108494522 A CN108494522 A CN 108494522A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0006—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format
- H04L1/0007—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format by modifying the frame length
- H04L1/0008—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format by modifying the frame length by supplementing frame payload, e.g. with padding bits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/66—Digital/analogue converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
- H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
- H03M13/11—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
- H03M13/1102—Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
- H03M13/1105—Decoding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
- H04L1/0054—Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding, e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0057—Block codes
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- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of building methods of numerical model analysis Constructing Chaotic Code, and this approach includes the following steps：(1) information source is time discrete, the continuous analog signal of amplitude in the present invention.When code check is 1/N, encoder is based on non-linear chaotic function each message sink coding into N number of code word.This N number of code word is divided into two parts, respectively N1 simulation code word and N2 digital word (N2≤N1, N1+N2=N).Encoder selects optimal parameter N1 and N2 according to the theoretical expression of mean square error after decoding (MSE) and the channel SNRs (SNR) of prediction so that MSE is minimum after receiving terminal decoding.(2) code word that transmitting terminal generates a frame information source is according to certain format composition data packet, and is sent to wireless channel.(3) receiving terminal carries out maximum-likelihood decoding to the simulation chaos code word sum number character code word received.Compared with prior art, the present invention can significantly reduce the MSE after decoding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the physical layer codings in a kind of wireless communication system, more particularly, to a kind of numerical model analysis Constructing Chaotic Code
Building method.
Background technology
In a wireless communication system, some information sources have natural simulation, such as voice signal, picture signal, biology letter
Number etc..Therefore analog channel coding can be used directly to be protected to these information sources.Wolf and Marshall was in 80 years
For the separate concept for proposing analog encoding.The Chen and Wornell of MIT is put forward for the first time in the nineties later
Simulate the concept of chaotically coding.It is continuous to time discrete amplitudes using the buterfly effect of non-linear chaotic function to simulate chaotically coding
Information source protected.Decoder restores information source using maximal possibility estimation, since the amplitude of information source is real number, information source
Value cannot be always completely recovered, but the additional noise of information source can be greatly reduced.The Jing of 2010 or so Li Hai universities
Li proposes the concept of Turbo shapes simulation Constructing Chaotic Code (Turbo Analog Chaotic, abbreviation CAT).CAT has used for reference Turbo
Coding thinking, analog source is protected using the opposite chaotic function in two-way direction, decoding process with it is pervious mixed
Ignorant code decoding process is identical.The performance of CAT is better than pervious Constructing Chaotic Code.The decoding process of Constructing Chaotic Code is first to estimate the symbol of code word
Number, recycle these symbols to restore information source.But either pervious single channel Constructing Chaotic Code still uses two-way Constructing Chaotic Code
CAT, code word structurally all not using these symbol characteristics come to information source reinforce protect.
Invention content
A kind of numerical model analysis chaos proposed the purpose of the invention is to overcome the problems of the above-mentioned prior art
The building method of code, the mean square error (MSE) of information source greatly reduces after this method may make decoding.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of building method of numerical model analysis Constructing Chaotic Code, the program include the following steps：
(1) information source is time discrete, the continuous analog signal of amplitude in the present invention.When code check is 1/N, encoder is based on
Non-linear chaotic function is each message sink coding at N number of code word.N number of code word is divided into two parts：N1 simulation code word and N2 are a
Digital word (N2≤N1, N1+N2=N).Simulation code word is the chaos code word that amplitude is real number, and digital word is chaos code word
Symbol (amplitude is 1 or -1).Encoder is according to the theoretical expression of mean square error after decoding (MSE) and the channel noise of prediction
Than (SNR), optimal parameter N1 and N2 are selected so that MSE is minimum after receiving terminal decoding.
(2) code word that transmitting terminal generates a frame information source is according to certain format composition data packet, and is sent to wireless channel.
(3) receiving terminal carries out maximum-likelihood decoding to the symbol for receiving chaos code word and code word.
The step (1) is specially：
(11) it is { m to enable the one-dimensional vector of the continuous information source composition of K time discrete amplitude1..., mk..., mK, coding
This K information source is carried out serioparallel exchange by device first.Each information source corresponds to a sub-encoders, a total of K sub-encoders.
(12) expression formula of non-linear chaotic function is
X [n]=F (x [n-1]) (1)
F (x)=1-2 | x |, x ∈ [- 1,1] (2)
(13) theoretical expression of MSE is as follows：
Parameter declaration in formula (3) is as follows：P0Indicate differentiation error probability when digital word is restored in a decoder,It is differentiation correct probability when digital word is restored in a decoder,PεIndicate simulation chaos code word in decoder
Symbol differentiates the probability of mistake when middle recovery,Indicate that symbol differentiates correctly general when simulation chaos code word is restored in a decoder
Rate, When indicating that the symbol of some simulation chaos code word is differentiated mistake, the noise power after decoding.σ2
When [N1-1 | N1-1] indicates that symbol of (N1-1) a simulation chaos code word is differentiated correct, the noise power after decoding.This
The formula representation of a little parameters is as follows：
σ in formula (4)ωIndicate the noise power of channel, the P in formula (5) indicates the power of simulation chaos code word.
Due to N2≤N1, N1+N2=N, so the possibility value of N2 is 1 to N/2, the possibility value of corresponding N1 is N/2
To N-1.Due to N general not too large (N is generally less than 10), so can be easily found optimal N2 and N1 by enumerating and make
The MSE obtained in formula (3) is minimum.
(14) the input m of each sub-encoderskCorresponding to the x [0] in above-mentioned formula (1).Then according to step (23)
Selected in parameter N1, use formula (1) generate N1 simulate chaos code word： xk[0], xk[1] ..., xk[N1-1], this
Symbol corresponding to N1 code word is respectively sk[0], sk[1] ..., sk[N1-1].Sub-encoders only select N2 of foremost
Symbol is as being digital word, i.e.,：sk[0], sk[1] ..., sk[N2-1]。
The step (2) is specially：K*N2 all digital words is formed one by encoder using parallel-serial conversion
K*N1 all simulation chaos code words is formed a data block, the synchronization character then appointed with receiving-transmitting sides by data block
Sync1 and Sync2 is isolated this two parts data block.Send synchronization character Sync1 when transmission successively, digital word data block, together
Walk word Sync2 and simulation chaos codeword data block.
The step (3) is specially：
(31) decoder carries out serioparallel exchange and the band received code word of making an uproar is sequentially allocated to K sub-decoder.Per height
The code word of decoder distribution is corresponding to N2 digital word of each information source and N1 simulation chaos code word.
(32) each sub-decoder restores each analog source according to traditional decoding algorithm.
(33) decoder in order exports the information source that K sub-decoder translates using parallel-serial conversion.
Compared with prior art, the code word of numerical model analysis used in the present invention can carry out stronger protection to information source,
And encoder can select suitable parameter according to the SNR of the theoretical expression Auto-matching channel of MSE, it can be significant after decoding
Reduce the additional noise of information source.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of encoder and decoder in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the non-linear chaotic function iteration schematic diagram twice in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the non-linear chaotic function iteration schematic diagram three times in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is MSE theoretical expressions and MSE simulation curves after receiving terminal decoding in the case that code check is 1/6 in the present invention
Identical situation.
Fig. 5 is in the case that code check is 1/6, and MSE is with channel SNR after the present invention, simulation Constructing Chaotic Code and the decoding of CAT codes
Correlation curve.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on non-linear chaotic functions to propose a kind of building method of numerical model analysis Constructing Chaotic Code, is used for guard time
The continuous analog source of discrete amplitudes, the physical layer suitable for wireless communication system.Numerical model analysis in the present invention is embodied in：
The code word generated be divided into simulation chaos code word (amplitude is real number) and part chaos code word symbol (amplitude be -1 or 1,
For digital signal).Under white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, the present invention is deduced the theoretical expression of MSE after decoding, sends
End is according to this expression formula automatically adjusting parameter to achieve the purpose that minimize MSE.Compared with traditional simulation Constructing Chaotic Code, the hair
It is bright can be substantially reduced decoding after information source additional noise.
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of inventive encoder and decoder.
The specific implementation step of the present invention is as follows：
Step 1, it is { m to enable the one-dimensional vector of the continuous information source composition of K time discrete amplitude1..., mk..., mK,
This K information source is carried out serioparallel exchange by encoder first.Each information source corresponds to a sub-encoders, and a total of K son is compiled
Code device.The awgn channel signal-to-noise ratio of prediction is indicated with SNR.To each information source, it is assumed that number of codewords after the coding that system allows
For N (i.e. code check is 1/N), wherein the quantity of simulation code word indicates that the quantity of digital word indicates (N2≤N1 and N1 with N2 with N1
+ N2=N).Each sub-encoders of transmitting terminal are based on non-linear chaotic function and generate N number of code word.Non-linear chaotic function
Expression formula is
X [n]=F (x [n-1])
F (x)=1-2 | x |, x ∈ [- 1,1]
Fig. 2 is function curves of the x [1] (longitudinal axis) about x [0] (horizontal axis) in above-mentioned formula, and Fig. 3 is x [2] in above-mentioned formula
The function curve of (longitudinal axis) about x [0] (horizontal axis).The input m of each sub-encoderskCorresponding to the x [0] in above-mentioned formula.
Then according to selected parameter N1, N1 simulation chaos code word is generated using above-mentioned formula：xk[0], xk[1] ..., xk[N1-
1], the symbol corresponding to this N1 code word is respectively sk[0], sk[1] ..., sk[N1-1].Sub-encoders only select foremost
N2 symbol (i.e. digital word)： sk[0], sk[1] ..., sk[N2-1].MSE is theoretical after the decoding that encoder-side is derived
Expression formula is as follows：
Parameter declaration in above-mentioned formula is as follows：P0It indicates to differentiate the general of mistake when digital word is restored in a decoder
Rate,It is the probability of correct decision when digital word is restored in a decoder, andPεIndicate that chaos code word is decoding
Symbol differentiates the probability of mistake when restoring in device,It is correctly general to indicate that chaos code word symbol when decoding wherein restores differentiates
Rate, and When indicating that the symbol of some chaos code word is differentiated mistake, the noise power after decoding.σ2[N1-1|
N1-1] indicate (N1-1) a chaos code word symbol by differentiate it is correct when, decoding after noise power.The public affairs of these parameters
Formula representation is as follows：
σ in above-mentioned formulaωIndicate that the noise power of channel, P indicate the power of simulation chaos code word.Encoder is according to above-mentioned
The expression formula of MSE selects suitable parameter N1 and N2, so that the value of this MSE is minimum.
K*N2 all digital words is formed a data block (i.e. in Fig. 1 by step 2, encoder using parallel-serial conversion
Sign block), all K*N1 simulation chaos code words are formed a data block (i.e. Chaotic in Fig. 1
Block), the synchronization character Sync1 and Sync2 then appointed with receiving-transmitting sides is isolated this two parts data block.When transmission according to
Secondary transmission synchronization character Sync1, digital word data block, synchronization character Sync2 simulate chaos codeword data block.
Step 3, receiving terminal receive the simulation laggard row decoding of chaos code word sum number character code word.Decoder is gone here and there simultaneously first
The band received code word of making an uproar is sequentially allocated to K sub-decoder by conversion.The code word of each sub-decoder distribution is corresponding to one
(corresponding information source is m for N2 digital word of a information source and N1 simulation chaos code word, such as k-th of sub-decoderk) distribution
Digital word is：Simulating code word isEach sub-decoder according to
Traditional decoding algorithm restores each analog source.The information source that decoder translates K sub-decoder using parallel-serial conversion is by suitable
Sequence exportsFig. 4 is MSE theoretical expressions and real data in the case that code check is 1/6 in the present invention
The identical situation of simulation curve.Wherein solid line is MSE simulation curves after receiving terminal decoding, and dotted line is MSE theoretical expression curves.
Curve with ' o ' mark indicates 1 code word of distribution to numerical chracter, and remaining 5 code words distribute to simulation chaos code word.Band
There is the curve of '+' mark to indicate 2 code words of distribution to numerical chracter, remaining 4 code words distribute to simulation chaos code word.It carries
The curve of ' △ ' mark indicates 3 code words of distribution to numerical chracter, and remaining 3 code words distribute to simulation chaos code word.We
It can be seen that identical very good of MSE simulation curves after theory MSE is decoded with receiving terminal in the case of these three, this illustrates to send out
Sending end can select most suitable parameter N1 and N2 and reach minimum come the MSE after making receiving terminal decode.Fig. 5 is that code check is 1/6
In the case of the present invention, simulate after Constructing Chaotic Code and CAT codes decode MSE with the correlation curve of channel SNR.' * ' is wherein carried to mark
The curve of knowledge is method proposed by the present invention, and the curve with ' o ' mark is simulation Constructing Chaotic Code, and the curve with '+' mark is
CAT codes.It can be seen that scheme MSE proposed by the invention when signal-to-noise ratio is more than 7dB is significantly less than other two schemes.
The above, is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the interest field that the present invention is advocated is not limited thereto.This hair
Bright to also have other various embodiments, without deviating from the spirit and substance of the present invention, those skilled in the art can basis
The present invention makes various corresponding change and deformations, but these change and distortions should all belong to appended claims of the invention
Protection domain.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of building method of numerical model analysis Constructing Chaotic Code, which is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps：
(1) information source is time discrete, the continuous analog signal of amplitude in the present invention.When code check is 1/N, encoder is based on non-thread
Property chaotic function is each message sink coding at N number of code word.N number of code word is divided into two parts：N1 simulation code word and N2 number
Code word (N2≤N1, N1+N2=N).Simulation code word is the chaos code word that amplitude is real number, and digital word is the symbol of chaos code word
(amplitude is 1 or -1).Encoder is according to the channel SNRs of the theoretical expression and prediction of mean square error after decoding (MSE)
(SNR), optimal parameter N1 and N2 are selected so that MSE is minimum after receiving terminal decoding.
(2) code word that transmitting terminal generates a frame information source is according to certain format composition data packet, and is sent to wireless channel.
(3) receiving terminal carries out maximum-likelihood decoding to receiving simulation chaos code word sum number character code word.
2. a kind of building method of numerical model analysis Constructing Chaotic Code according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(1) it is specially：
(11) it is { m to enable the one-dimensional vector of the continuous information source composition of K time discrete amplitude1..., mk..., mK, encoder is first
This K information source is first carried out serioparallel exchange.Each information source corresponds to a sub-encoders, a total of K sub-encoders.
(12) expression formula of non-linear chaotic function is
X [n]=F (x [n-1]) (1)
F (x)=1-2 | x |, x ∈ [- 1,1] (2)
(13) theoretical expression of MSE is as follows：
Parameter declaration in formula (3) is as follows：P0Indicate differentiation error probability when digital word is restored in a decoder,It is
Differentiation correct probability when digital word is restored in a decoder,PεIndicate simulation chaos code word in a decoder
Symbol differentiates the probability of mistake when recovery,Indicate that symbol differentiates correctly general when simulation chaos code word is restored in a decoder
Rate, When indicating that the symbol of some simulation chaos code word is differentiated mistake, the noise power after decoding.σ2
When [N1-1 | N1-1] indicates that symbol of (N1-1) a simulation chaos code word is differentiated correct, the noise power after decoding.This
The formula representation of a little parameters is as follows：
σ in formula (4)ωIndicate the noise power of channel, the P in formula (5) indicates the power of simulation chaos code word.
Due to N2≤N1, N1+N2=N, so the possibility value of N2 is 1 to N/2, the possibility value of corresponding N1 is N/2 to N-
1.Due to N general not too large (N is generally less than 10), so by enumerating optimal N2 can be easily found and N1 makes public affairs
MSE in formula (3) is minimum.
(14) the input m of each sub-encoderskCorresponding to the x [0] in above-mentioned formula (1).Then according to selected in step (23)
The parameter N1 selected generates N1 simulation chaos code word using formula (1)：xk[0], xk[1] ..., xk[N1-1], this N1 code word
Corresponding symbol is respectively sk[0], sk[1] ..., sk[N1-1].Sub-encoders only select N2 symbol of foremost as
That is digital word, i.e.,：sk[0], sk[1] ..., sk[N2-1]。
3. a kind of building method of numerical model analysis Constructing Chaotic Code according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(2) it is specially：
K*N2 all digital words is formed a data block by encoder using parallel-serial conversion, K*N1 all simulations
Chaos code word forms a data block, this two parts is isolated in the synchronization character Sync1 and Sync2 that is then appointed with receiving-transmitting sides
Data block.Synchronization character Sync1, digital word data block, synchronization character Sync2 and simulation Constructing Chaotic Code number of words are sent when transmission successively
According to block.
4. a kind of building method of numerical model analysis Constructing Chaotic Code according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(3) it is specially：
(31) decoder carries out serioparallel exchange and the band received code word of making an uproar is sequentially allocated to K sub-decoder.It is decoded per height
The code word of device distribution is corresponding to N2 digital word of each information source and N1 simulation chaos code word.
(32) each sub-decoder restores each analog source according to traditional decoding algorithm.
(33) decoder in order exports the information source that K sub-decoder translates using parallel-serial conversion.
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