CN108494458A - Signal transmitting apparatus and method based on sub-wave length analog beam former - Google Patents
Signal transmitting apparatus and method based on sub-wave length analog beam former Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及无线载波技术领域,特别是指一种基于子载波级模拟波束成形器的信号传输装置和方法。The present invention relates to the field of wireless carrier technology, in particular to a signal transmission device and method based on a subcarrier-level analog beamformer.
背景技术Background technique
近年来,为了满足第五代移动通信系统对容量和频谱效率显著提升的需求,大规模天线阵成为研究热点。大规模天线阵能够带来更大的分集增益和复用增益,从而能够大幅提升系统频谱效率。出于复杂度、功耗、成本等因素的考虑,大规模天线阵的实现通常采用混合波束成型器结构。In recent years, large-scale antenna arrays have become a research hotspot in order to meet the needs of the fifth-generation mobile communication system for significantly improved capacity and spectral efficiency. A large-scale antenna array can bring greater diversity gain and multiplexing gain, which can greatly improve the system spectral efficiency. Considering factors such as complexity, power consumption, and cost, the realization of a large-scale antenna array usually adopts a hybrid beamformer structure.
混合波束成形器由基带的数字波束成形器和射频端的模拟波束成形器构成,典型的混合波束成形器结构如图1所示。在基站侧,Ns个数据流输入到数字预编码器(DBF:Digital Beamformer),输出经过个射频链路后,通过相移器与Nt个天线相连,相移器网络构成模拟波束成形器;在用户侧,Nr个天线通过相移器与个射频链路相连,然后经过数字合并器输出Ns个数据流。The hybrid beamformer consists of a baseband digital beamformer and an analog beamformer at the radio frequency end. A typical hybrid beamformer structure is shown in Figure 1. On the base station side, N s data streams are input to the digital precoder (DBF: Digital Beamformer), and the output passes through After a radio frequency link, it is connected to N t antennas through a phase shifter, and the phase shifter network constitutes an analog beamformer; on the user side, N r antennas are connected to N t antennas through a phase shifter RF links are connected, and then output N s data streams through a digital combiner.
以下行为例,为传输多个数据流,记s表示Ns×1的发送符号向量,FBB表示的数字预编码器,FRF表示的模拟预编码器,则采样的发送信号可以表示为x=FRFFBBs,其中 The following behavior is an example, in order to transmit multiple data streams, Note that s represents the transmitted symbol vector of N s ×1, and F BB represents The digital precoder, F RF represents The analog precoder of , then the sampled transmitted signal can be expressed as x=F RF F BB s, where
传统混合波束成形器结构均假设采用窄带块衰落信道模型,因此用户接收信号可以表示为y=HFRFFBBs+n,其中y表示Nr×1的接收信号,H表示Nr×Nt的信道,n表示加性高斯白噪声。用户接收到的信号经过模拟合并器和数字合并器合并得到其中wRF表示的模拟合并器,wBB表示的数字合并器,r表示Ns×1的接收符号向量。The traditional hybrid beamformer structure assumes a narrow-band block fading channel model, so the user received signal can be expressed as y=HF RF F BB s+n, where y represents the received signal of N r ×1, and H represents N r ×N t channel, and n represents additive white Gaussian noise. The signal received by the user is combined by an analog combiner and a digital combiner where w RF represents The analog combiner, w BB means The digital combiner of , r represents the received symbol vector of N s ×1.
混合波束成形器的设计通常采用“两步走”的思路,即首先根据实际信道H设计发端模拟波束成形器FRF和收端模拟合并器wRF,然后根据等效信道设计发端数字波束成形器FBB和收端数字合并器wBB。其中模拟波束成形器的设计,通常是采用基于码本的波束搜索方法实现。最简单的方法就是波束成形器和合并器分别遍历波束成形码本,选择使得频谱效率最大的最佳波束成形向量和最佳合并向量。The design of the hybrid beamformer usually adopts the "two-step" idea, that is, first design the transmitter analog beamformer F RF and the receiver analog combiner w RF according to the actual channel H, and then design the equivalent channel Design the digital beamformer F BB at the sending end and the digital combiner w BB at the receiving end. Among them, the design of the analog beamformer is usually implemented by using a codebook-based beam search method. The simplest method is that the beamformer and the combiner traverse the beamforming codebook respectively, and select the optimal beamforming vector and the optimal combining vector that maximize the spectral efficiency.
需要说明的是,上述混合波束成形方案只是针对窄带通信系统而言,即单载波调制系统。实际的宽带通信系统通常采用多载波调制,如OFDM(Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing)即正交频分复用技术,实际上OFDM是MCM(Multi CarrierModulation,多载波调制)的一种。在OFDM系统中,基带处理主要在频域完成,而射频处理则是针对IFFT(傅里叶反变换)之后的时域OFDM符号进行。因此在OFDM系统中引入混合波束成形技术之后,自然便形成了频域DBF与时域ABF混合的结构。It should be noted that the above hybrid beamforming solution is only for narrowband communication systems, that is, single carrier modulation systems. A practical broadband communication system usually adopts multi-carrier modulation, such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), which is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology. In fact, OFDM is a type of MCM (Multi Carrier Modulation, multi-carrier modulation). In an OFDM system, baseband processing is mainly done in the frequency domain, while radio frequency processing is performed on the time-domain OFDM symbols after IFFT (Inverse Fourier Transform). Therefore, after the hybrid beamforming technology is introduced into the OFDM system, a hybrid structure of frequency domain DBF and time domain ABF is naturally formed.
相对于窄带通信系统的单载波而言,OFDM系统采用多载波调制。OFDM系统中混合波束成形的具体实现方案为,根据多个载波经历的信道计算等效信道,设计与单载波系统相同的符号级ABF,然后设计子载波级DBF。如图2所示为OFDM系统混合波束成形结构,每个载波上的Ns个流经过数字预编码后做K点傅里叶反变换(IFFT),然后加上循环前缀(CP),过射频链路,通过相移网络与天线相连。用户侧多个接收天线通过相移器网络与射频链路相连,然后去除CP,做K点FFT后做后续基带处理。因此用户的第k个载波上的基带待处理信号可以表示为 Compared with the single carrier of the narrowband communication system, the OFDM system adopts multi-carrier modulation. The specific implementation scheme of hybrid beamforming in OFDM system is to calculate the equivalent channel according to the channels experienced by multiple carriers, design the same symbol-level ABF as the single-carrier system, and then design the sub-carrier level DBF. Figure 2 shows the hybrid beamforming structure of the OFDM system. The N s streams on each carrier are digitally precoded and then subjected to K-point inverse Fourier transform (IFFT), and then add a cyclic prefix (CP). link, connected to the antenna through a phase-shifting network. Multiple receiving antennas on the user side are connected to the radio frequency link through a phase shifter network, then the CP is removed, K-point FFT is performed, and subsequent baseband processing is performed. Therefore, the baseband signal to be processed on the kth carrier of the user can be expressed as
也就是说,上述OFDM符号级ABF等效于对所有子载波采用同一向量实施模拟波束成形,如果不同子载波之间的相关性较弱,符号级ABF处理会产生明显的容量损失。特别是对于OFDMA系统,多个同时被调度的用户分别占用不同的子载波,各子载波之间的差异明显,符号级ABF的性能下降将更为显著。That is to say, the above-mentioned OFDM symbol-level ABF is equivalent to implementing analog beamforming with the same vector for all subcarriers. If the correlation between different subcarriers is weak, the symbol-level ABF processing will produce obvious capacity loss. Especially for OFDMA systems, multiple concurrently scheduled users occupy different subcarriers respectively, and the differences between subcarriers are obvious, and the performance degradation of symbol-level ABF will be more significant.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提出一种基于子载波级模拟波束成形器的信号传输装置和方法,实现子载波级ABF,避免因子载波间相关性弱,差异较大的情况而引起的符号级ABF性能下降。In view of this, the object of the present invention is to propose a signal transmission device and method based on a subcarrier-level analog beamformer, to realize subcarrier-level ABF, and to avoid symbols caused by weak correlation between factor carriers and large differences. Level ABF performance declines.
基于上述目的本发明提供一种基于子载波级模拟波束成形器的信号传输方法,包括:Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides a signal transmission method based on a subcarrier-level analog beamformer, including:
将信号p依次经过串并转换器、傅里叶反变换器、加循环前缀器和并串转换器后得到发送端时域样点序列 After the signal p passes through the serial-to-parallel converter, the inverse Fourier transformer, the cyclic prefixer and the parallel-to-serial converter in sequence, the time-domain sample point sequence at the sending end is obtained
将同时并行经过Nt个信号发送滤波器,实现子载波级模拟波束成形;Will Simultaneously pass through N t signal transmission filters in parallel to realize subcarrier-level analog beamforming;
将每路信号发送滤波器的输出分别由Nt个信号发送天线进行无线发送。The output of each signal sending filter is wirelessly sent by N t signal sending antennas respectively.
进一步,所述方法还包括:Further, the method also includes:
通过Nr个信号接收天线接收信号,并将Nr个天线接收的信号分别经过Nr个信号接收滤波器后叠加合并成信号r;Signals are received by N r signal receiving antennas, and the signals received by N r antennas are respectively passed through N r signal receiving filters and then superimposed and combined into signal r;
将信号r依次经过串并转换器、傅里叶变换器、去循环前缀器和并串转换器后得到接收端频域样点序列p'。After the signal r passes through the serial-to-parallel converter, the Fourier transformer, the decyclic prefixer and the parallel-to-serial converter in sequence, the frequency-domain sample point sequence p' at the receiving end is obtained.
其中,所述信号发送滤波器是根据每个子载波各自的信道特性为其选择的波束成形向量确定的:Wherein, the signal transmission filter is determined according to the beamforming vector selected for each subcarrier according to its respective channel characteristics:
针对每个信号发送滤波器所连接的信号发送天线发送的子载波,确定发送端的最佳波束成形向量;Determining the optimal beamforming vector at the transmitting end for the subcarriers transmitted by the signal transmitting antenna connected to each signal transmitting filter;
根据所述发送端的最佳波束成形向量确定出时域波束成形滤波器,作为所述信号发送滤波器。A time-domain beamforming filter is determined according to the optimal beamforming vector of the transmitting end as the signal sending filter.
其中,所述信号接收滤波器是根据每个子载波各自的信道特性为其选择的波束合并向量确定的:Wherein, the signal receiving filter is determined according to the beam combining vector selected for each subcarrier according to its respective channel characteristics:
针对每个信号接收滤波器所连接的信号接收天线接收的子载波,确定接收端的最佳波束合并向量;For the subcarriers received by the signal receiving antenna connected to each signal receiving filter, determine the optimal beam combining vector at the receiving end;
根据所述接收端的最佳波束合并向量确定出时域波束合并滤波器,作为所述信号接收滤波器。A time-domain beam combining filter is determined according to the optimal beam combining vector of the receiving end as the signal receiving filter.
本发明还提供一种基于子载波级模拟波束成形器的信号传输装置,包括:位于基站侧的信号发送装置;其中,所述信号发送装置包括:The present invention also provides a signal transmission device based on a subcarrier-level analog beamformer, including: a signal transmission device located at the base station side; wherein, the signal transmission device includes:
依次串接的串并转换器、傅里叶反变换器、加循环前缀器和并串转换器,用于将信号p转换为发送端时域样点序列 A series-to-parallel converter, an inverse Fourier transformer, a cyclic prefixer, and a parallel-to-serial converter are connected in series to convert the signal p into a sequence of time-domain samples at the sending end
Nt个信号发送滤波器,均与所述并串转换器的输出端相连接,用于将同时并行进行Nt路滤波,实现模拟波束成形;N t signal transmission filters are all connected to the output terminals of the parallel-to-serial converter, and are used to At the same time, N t channels of filtering are performed in parallel to realize analog beamforming;
Nt个信号发送天线,分别连接于Nt个信号发送滤波器,用于分别将各路信号发送滤波器的输出信号进行无线发送。The N t signal sending antennas are respectively connected to the N t signal sending filters, and are used for wirelessly sending the output signals of the signal sending filters of each channel.
本发明还提供一种基于子载波级模拟波束成形器的信号传输装置,包括:位于用户侧的信号接收装置;其中,所述信号发送装置包括:The present invention also provides a signal transmission device based on a subcarrier-level analog beamformer, including: a signal receiving device located on the user side; wherein, the signal sending device includes:
Nr个信号接收天线,用于接收无线信号;N r signal receiving antennas for receiving wireless signals;
Nr个信号接收滤波器,每个信号接收滤波器的输入端分别连接一个天线,各信号接收滤波器的输出端相互连接,用于将Nr个天线接收的信号分别经过Nr个信号接收滤波器滤波后叠加合并成信号r;N r signal receiving filters, the input end of each signal receiving filter is respectively connected to an antenna, and the output ends of each signal receiving filter are connected to each other, and the signals received by the N r antennas are respectively received by N r signal receiving The filter is superimposed and combined into a signal r after filtering;
依次串接的串并转换器、傅里叶变换器、去循环前缀器和并串转换器,用于将信号r转换为接收端频域样点序列p'。A series-to-parallel converter, a Fourier transformer, a decyclic prefixer and a parallel-to-serial converter connected in series in sequence are used to convert the signal r into a frequency-domain sample point sequence p' at the receiving end.
本发明实施例的技术方案中,信号在经由Nt个信号发送天线进行无线发送之前,先并行经过Nt个信号发送滤波器进行子载波级模拟波束成形,从而可以保证不同信道的子载波的符号级ABF性能,从而有效提升系统的频谱效率。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, before the signal is transmitted wirelessly through N t signal transmitting antennas, the signal first passes through N t signal transmitting filters in parallel to perform subcarrier-level analog beamforming, so that the subcarrier-level analog beamforming of different channels can be ensured. Symbol-level ABF performance, thereby effectively improving the spectral efficiency of the system.
而信号发送滤波器是根据每个子载波各自的信道特性为其选择的波束成形向量确定的,也就是说,针对每个子载波各自的信道特性为其选择最佳的ABF向量后设计的信号发送滤波器可以最大限度的保证不同子载波信道的ABF性能。The signal transmission filter is determined according to the beamforming vector selected for each subcarrier's respective channel characteristics, that is, the signal transmission filter designed after selecting the best ABF vector for each subcarrier's respective channel characteristics The device can guarantee the ABF performance of different sub-carrier channels to the greatest extent.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为现有技术中窄带混合波束成形器结构;FIG. 1 is a structure of a narrowband hybrid beamformer in the prior art;
图2为现有技术中OFDM系统混合波束成形器结构;Fig. 2 is the hybrid beamformer structure of the OFDM system in the prior art;
图3为本发明实施例提供的子载波级ABF概念图;FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a subcarrier-level ABF provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种基于子载波级模拟波束成形器的信号传输装置中位于基站侧的信号发送装置的结构图;FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a signal transmission device located on the base station side in a signal transmission device based on a subcarrier-level analog beamformer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种基于子载波级模拟波束成形器的信号传输装置中位于用户侧的信号接收装置的结构图;FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a signal receiving device on the user side in a signal transmission device based on a subcarrier-level analog beamformer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种基于子载波级模拟波束成形器的信号传输方法流程图;FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a signal transmission method based on a subcarrier-level analog beamformer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例提供的确定信号发送滤波器方法的流程图;FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for determining a signal transmission filter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例提供的确定信号接收滤波器方法的流程图;FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for determining a signal receiving filter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图9为本发明实施例提供的瑞利衰落信道下子载波级ABF与符号级ABF频谱效率比较曲线图;FIG. 9 is a comparison graph of spectral efficiency between subcarrier-level ABF and symbol-level ABF under a Rayleigh fading channel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图10为本发明实施例提供的毫米波信道下子载波级ABF与符号级ABF频谱效率比较曲线图;FIG. 10 is a comparison graph of spectral efficiency between subcarrier-level ABF and symbol-level ABF under a millimeter wave channel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图11为本发明实施例提供的毫米波信道OFDMA系统下子载波级ABF与符号级ABF频谱效率比较曲线图。Fig. 11 is a comparison graph of spectrum efficiency between subcarrier-level ABF and symbol-level ABF under the millimeter wave channel OFDMA system provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,并参照附图,对本发明进一步详细说明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能解释为对本发明的限制。Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
本技术领域技术人员可以理解,除非特意声明,这里使用的单数形式“一”、“一个”、“所述”和“该”也可包括复数形式。应该进一步理解的是,当我们称元件被“连接”或“耦接”到另一元件时,它可以直接连接或耦接到其他元件,或者也可以存在中间元件。此外,这里使用的“连接”或“耦接”可以包括无线连接或无线耦接。这里使用的措辞“和/或”包括一个或更多个相关联的列出项的全部或任一单元和全部组合。Those skilled in the art will understand that unless otherwise stated, the singular forms "a", "an", "said" and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Additionally, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The expression "and/or" used herein includes all or any elements and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.
需要说明的是,本发明实施例中所有使用“第一”和“第二”的表述均是为了区分两个相同名称非相同的实体或者非相同的参量,可见“第一”“第二”仅为了表述的方便,不应理解为对本发明实施例的限定,后续实施例对此不再一一说明。It should be noted that all expressions using "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention are to distinguish two entities with the same name but different parameters or parameters that are not the same, see "first" and "second" It is only for the convenience of expression, and should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention, which will not be described one by one in the subsequent embodiments.
本发明的发明人考虑到,由于不同子载波上的信号经历的信道不同,而现有技术中的ABF方案,等效于对所有子载波采用同一向量实施模拟波束成形,使得有些子载波上在采用同一向量实施模拟波束成形时,信号ABF的性能下降显著。因此,在本发明的技术方案中,针对不同子载波分别做ABF,即子载波级ABF,相应的DBF也针对不同载波分别设计。也就是说,针对每个子载波各自的信道特性为其选择最佳的ABF向量;从而避免因子载波间相关性弱,差异较大的情况而引起的符号级ABF性能下降,并可以有效提升MIMO(大规模多天线,Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)-OFDM系统的频谱效率。The inventors of the present invention consider that since signals on different subcarriers experience different channels, the ABF scheme in the prior art is equivalent to using the same vector for all subcarriers to implement analog beamforming, so that some subcarriers are in When implementing analog beamforming with the same vector, the performance of the signal ABF degrades significantly. Therefore, in the technical solution of the present invention, ABF is performed separately for different subcarriers, that is, subcarrier-level ABF, and corresponding DBFs are also designed separately for different carriers. That is to say, the optimal ABF vector is selected for each subcarrier according to its respective channel characteristics; thereby avoiding the degradation of symbol-level ABF performance caused by weak correlation between subcarriers and large differences, and can effectively improve MIMO ( Spectrum Efficiency of Massive Multiple-Antenna, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)-OFDM System.
下面结合附图详细说明本发明实施例的技术方案。The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图3所示为子载波级ABF概念图,即考虑在IFFT前对每一个子载波上的数据符号单独实施ABF。记其中Βk为第k个子载波上的最佳码本,即最佳波束成形向量。Figure 3 is a conceptual diagram of ABF at the sub-carrier level, that is, consider implementing ABF on the data symbols on each sub-carrier before IFFT. remember in Β k is the best codebook on the kth subcarrier, that is, the best beamforming vector.
在基于码本的波束搜索中,给定码本集合C={C1,C2,...,CM},其中M为码本维度,Βk∈C,从码本集合中选择能使子载波的信道容量最大的码本即为最佳码本。In codebook-based beam search, given a codebook set C={C 1 ,C 2 ,...,C M }, where M is the codebook dimension, Β k ∈C, the selection from the codebook set can The codebook that maximizes the channel capacity of the subcarriers is the optimal codebook.
为简化说明,仅考虑数字预编码后到一条射频链路的输出信号p={p1,p2,...,pK}(数字预编码后对每路输出信号的处理同下)。若对该路信号进行频域子载波级ABF,则有如下表达式一:To simplify the description, only the output signal p={p 1 ,p 2 ,...,p K } to one radio frequency link after digital precoding is considered (the processing of each output signal after digital precoding is the same as below). If frequency-domain subcarrier-level ABF is performed on the signal, the following expression 1 is given:
其中,为B1~BK的集合,Bn=[B1n,B2n,…,BKn],n=1,2,...,Nt。之后,按行取IFFT有如下表达式二:in, It is a set of B 1 ~B K , B n =[B 1n ,B 2n ,...,B Kn ], n=1,2,...,N t . After that, IFFT by row has the following expression 2:
其中,q=F-1(p),表示循环卷积,F-1表示IFFT。in, q=F -1 (p), Represents circular convolution, and F -1 represents IFFT.
由于OFDM系统在信号做IFFT后要加循环前缀,所以信号qT与bk做循环卷积等价于信号qT加循环前缀器后得到的信号与bk做线性卷积,即如表达式三所示:Since the OFDM system needs to add a cyclic prefix after the signal is IFFT, the circular convolution of the signal q T and b k is equivalent to the signal obtained by adding the cyclic prefix to the signal q T Perform linear convolution with b k , as shown in Expression 3:
基于以上分析,本发明实施例提供的一种基于子载波级模拟波束成形器的信号传输装置,可以包括位于基站侧的信号发送装置,进而还可以包括位于用户侧的信号接收装置。Based on the above analysis, a signal transmission device based on a subcarrier-level analog beamformer provided by an embodiment of the present invention may include a signal sending device on the base station side, and may further include a signal receiving device on the user side.
其中,信号发送装置的结构如图4所示,包括:Nt个信号发送滤波器405和Nt个信号发送天线406,以及依次串接的串并转换器401、傅里叶反变换器402、加循环前缀器403和并串转换器404。Wherein, the structure of the signal transmission device is as shown in Figure 4, including: N t signal transmission filters 405 and N t signal transmission antennas 406, and serial-to-parallel converters 401 and inverse Fourier transformers 402 connected in series in sequence , adding a cyclic prefixer 403 and a parallel-to-serial converter 404 .
其中,依次串接的串并转换器401、傅里叶反变换器402、加循环前缀器器403和并串转换器404,用于将信号p转换为发送端时域样点序列 Among them, the series-to-parallel converter 401, the inverse Fourier transformer 402, the cyclic prefixer 403 and the parallel-to-serial converter 404, which are connected in series, are used to convert the signal p into a time-domain sample point sequence at the sending end
Nt个信号发送滤波器405的输入端均与所述并串转换器404的输出端相连接,用于将同时并行进行Nt路滤波,实现子载波的模拟波束成形;其中,Nt为大于0的自然数。The input terminals of the N t signal transmission filters 405 are all connected to the output terminals of the parallel-to-serial converter 404 for converting At the same time, N t channels of filtering are performed in parallel to realize analog beamforming of subcarriers; wherein, N t is a natural number greater than 0.
Nt个信号发送天线406分别连接于Nt个信号发送滤波器405的输出端,用于分别将各路信号发送滤波器405的输出信号进行无线发送。The N t signal transmitting antennas 406 are respectively connected to the output ends of the N t signal transmitting filters 405 , and are used for wirelessly transmitting the output signals of each signal transmitting filter 405 .
信号接收装置的结构如图5所示,包括:依次串接的串并转换器503、傅里叶变换器504、去循环前缀器505和并串转换器506,以及Nr个信号接收天线501、Nr个信号接收滤波器502;进一步,还可包括基带处理单元(图中未标)。The structure of the signal receiving device is shown in Figure 5, including: a serial-to-parallel converter 503, a Fourier transformer 504, a decyclic prefixer 505 and a parallel-to-serial converter 506 connected in series, and N r signal receiving antennas 501 , N r signal receiving filters 502; further, a baseband processing unit (not marked in the figure) may also be included.
其中,Nr个信号接收天线501用于接收无线信号;Nr为大于0的自然数。Wherein, N r signal receiving antennas 501 are used to receive wireless signals; N r is a natural number greater than 0.
每个信号接收滤波器502的输入端分别连接一个信号接收天线501,各信号接收滤波器502的输出端相互连接,用于将Nr个信号接收天线501接收的信号分别经过Nr个信号接收滤波器滤波后叠加合并成信号r;The input end of each signal receiving filter 502 is connected to a signal receiving antenna 501 respectively, and the output ends of each signal receiving filter 502 are connected to each other, and are used to pass the signals received by N r signal receiving antennas 501 through N r signal receiving antennas respectively. The filter is superimposed and combined into a signal r after filtering;
依次串接的串并转换器502、傅里叶变换器504、去循环前缀器505和并串转换器506,用于将信号r转换为接收端频域样点序列p;A series-to-parallel converter 502, a Fourier transformer 504, a decyclic prefixer 505, and a parallel-to-serial converter 506, which are connected in series, are used to convert the signal r into a frequency-domain sample point sequence p at the receiving end;
基带处理单元用于将p做其它基带处理,得到所需信号。The baseband processing unit is used to perform other baseband processing on p to obtain the desired signal.
基于上述的基于子载波级模拟波束成形器的信号传输装置,本发明实施例提供的一种基于子载波级模拟波束成形器的信号传输方法,流程如图6所示,包括如下步骤:Based on the above-mentioned signal transmission device based on a subcarrier-level analog beamformer, an embodiment of the present invention provides a signal transmission method based on a subcarrier-level analog beamformer, the process of which is shown in Figure 6, including the following steps:
S601:将信号p依次经过串并转换器、傅里叶反变换器、加循环前缀器和并串转换器后得到发送端时域样点序列 S601: After the signal p passes through the serial-to-parallel converter, the inverse Fourier transformer, the cyclic prefixer and the parallel-to-serial converter in sequence, the time-domain sample point sequence at the sending end is obtained
具体地,信号p向量对应K个子载波上的K个数据符号,在基站侧的信号发送装置中,通过依次串接的串并转换器401、傅里叶反变换器402、加循环前缀器403做完K点IFFT并加循环前缀(假设循环前缀点数为KP个)后,形式上还是(K+KP)个符号并行;通过并串转换器404将其变成串行的(K+KP)点时域符号序列 Specifically, the signal p vector corresponds to K data symbols on K subcarriers. In the signal transmitting device at the base station side, the serial-to-parallel converter 401, the inverse Fourier transformer 402, and the cyclic prefix adding device 403 are sequentially connected in series. After completing the K-point IFFT and adding a cyclic prefix (assuming that the number of cyclic prefix points is KP), the form is still (K+KP) symbols in parallel; through the parallel-to-serial converter 404, it becomes serial (K+KP) sequence of dot time domain symbols
S602:将同时并行经过Nt个信号发送滤波器,实现子载波级模拟波束成形。S602: will At the same time, through N t signal transmission filters in parallel, sub-carrier level analog beamforming is realized.
具体地,将并串转换器404输出的(K+KP)点时域符号序列同时并行经过Nt个信号发送滤波器405,实现子载波级模拟波束成形。Specifically, the (K+KP) point time-domain symbol sequence output by the parallel-to-serial converter 404 Simultaneously, through N t signal sending filters 405 in parallel, sub-carrier level analog beamforming is realized.
S603:将Nt个信号发送滤波器405的输出分别由Nt个信号发送天线406进行无线发送。S603: Wirelessly transmit the outputs of the N t signal transmitting filters 405 by the N t signal transmitting antennas 406 respectively.
由信号发送天线406发送的信号在空间进行传输后,可通过如下步骤被信号接收装置接收并处理:After the signal sent by the signal sending antenna 406 is transmitted in space, it can be received and processed by the signal receiving device through the following steps:
S604:通过Nr个信号接收天线接收信号,并将Nr个天线接收的信号分别经过Nr个信号接收滤波器后叠加合并成信号r;S604: Receive signals through N r signal receiving antennas, and superimpose and combine the signals received by N r antennas through N r signal receiving filters to form signal r;
具体地,在用户侧,通过信号接收装置的Nr个信号接收天线501接收信号,并将Nr个信号接收天线501接收的信号分别经过Nr个信号接收滤波器502后叠加合并成信号r。Specifically, on the user side, the signal is received by the N r signal receiving antennas 501 of the signal receiving device, and the signals received by the N r signal receiving antennas 501 are respectively passed through the N r signal receiving filters 502 and then superimposed and combined into a signal r .
S605:将信号r依次经过串并转换器、傅里叶变换器、去循环前缀器和并串转换器后得到接收端频域样点序列p';S605: Pass the signal r through the serial-to-parallel converter, the Fourier transformer, the decyclic prefixer, and the parallel-to-serial converter in sequence to obtain the frequency-domain sample point sequence p' at the receiving end;
具体地,将信号r依次经过信号接收装置的串并转换器503、傅里叶变换器504、去循环前缀器505和并串转换器506后得到接收端频域样点序列p'。Specifically, after the signal r passes through the serial-to-parallel converter 503 , the Fourier transformer 504 , the decyclic prefixer 505 and the parallel-to-serial converter 506 of the signal receiving device in sequence, the frequency-domain sample point sequence p' at the receiving end is obtained.
S606:将p'做其它基带处理。S606: Perform other baseband processing on p'.
具体地,通过信号接收装置的基带处理单元507将p'做其它基带处理。Specifically, the baseband processing unit 507 of the signal receiving device performs other baseband processing on p'.
上述的Nt个信号发送滤波器405是根据每个子载波各自的信道特性为其选择的波束成形向量确定的,具体流程如图7所示,包括如下步骤:The above-mentioned N t signal transmission filters 405 are determined according to the beamforming vector selected for each subcarrier according to its respective channel characteristics. The specific process is shown in FIG. 7 , including the following steps:
S701:针对每个信号发送滤波器405所连接的信号发送天线406发送的子载波,确定发送端的最佳波束成形向量。S701: Determine an optimal beamforming vector at the transmitting end for the subcarriers transmitted by the signal transmitting antenna 406 connected to each signal transmitting filter 405.
本步骤中,针对每个信号滤波器所连接的信号发送天线406发送的子载波做波束搜索,为每一个子载波找出发送端的最佳波束成形向量。In this step, a beam search is performed on the subcarriers transmitted by the signal transmitting antenna 406 connected to each signal filter, and an optimal beamforming vector at the transmitting end is found for each subcarrier.
具体地,在基于码本的波束搜索中,给定码本集合C={C1,C2,...,CM},其中M为码本维度;对于第k个子载波,可以从码本集合中选择能使该子载波的信道容量最大的码本作为最佳码本,即第k个子载波在发送端的最佳波束成形向量Βk∈C,k=1,2,...,K。K为子载波个数。Specifically, in codebook-based beam search, a given codebook set C={C 1 ,C 2 ,...,C M }, where M is the codebook dimension; for the kth subcarrier, the codebook In this set, select the codebook that can maximize the channel capacity of the subcarrier as the optimal codebook, that is, the optimal beamforming vector Β k ∈ C of the kth subcarrier at the sending end, k=1,2,..., K. K is the number of subcarriers.
S702:根据所述最佳波束成形向量确定出时域波束成形滤波器,作为所述信号发送滤波器。S702: Determine a time-domain beamforming filter according to the optimal beamforming vector as the signal sending filter.
具体地,将每一个子载波的最佳波束成形向量按如下表达式四所示排列:Specifically, the optimal beamforming vector of each subcarrier is arranged as shown in Expression 4 below:
进而,然后按行取IFFT,如表达式五所示:Furthermore, IFFT is taken by row, as shown in expression five:
其中,Βk为第k个子载波上的最佳波束成形向量,k=1,2,...,K;K为子载波个数,F-1表示IFFT;得到Nt个时域波束成形滤波器,分别为作为所述信号发送滤波器。Among them, Β k is the optimal beamforming vector on the kth subcarrier, k=1,2,...,K; K is the number of subcarriers, F -1 means IFFT; N t time domain beamforming is obtained filters, respectively Send filter as the signal.
上述的Nr个信号接收天线501可以根据如下方法设计,流程如图8所示,包括如下步骤:The above-mentioned N r signal receiving antennas 501 can be designed according to the following method, and the flow process is shown in Figure 8, including the following steps:
S801:针对每个信号接收滤波器所连接的信号接收天线501接收的子载波,确定接收端的最佳波束合并向量。S801: Determine an optimal beam combining vector at the receiving end for the subcarriers received by the signal receiving antenna 501 connected to each signal receiving filter.
具体地,在基于码本的波束搜索中,给定码本集合E={E1,E2,...,EN},其中N为码本维度;对于第k个子载波,可以从码本集合中选择能使该子载波的信道容量最大的码本作为最佳码本,即第k个子载波在接收端的最佳波束合并向量Dk∈E,k=1,2,...,K。K为子载波个数。Specifically, in codebook-based beam search, a given codebook set E={E 1 , E 2 ,...,E N }, where N is the dimension of the codebook; for the kth subcarrier, the code In this set, select the codebook that can maximize the channel capacity of the subcarrier as the optimal codebook, that is, the optimal beam combining vector D k ∈ E of the kth subcarrier at the receiving end, k=1,2,..., K. K is the number of subcarriers.
S802:根据所述最佳波束合并向量确定出时域波束合并滤波器,作为所述信号接收滤波器。S802: Determine a time-domain beam combining filter according to the optimal beam combining vector as the signal receiving filter.
具体地,将每一个子载波的最佳波束合并向量按如下表达式六所示排列:Specifically, the optimal beam combining vector of each subcarrier is arranged as shown in the following expression six:
进而,然后按行取IFFT,如表达式七所示:Furthermore, IFFT is taken by row, as shown in Expression 7:
表达式六、七中,为D1~DK的集合,Dk为第k个子载波上的最佳波束合并向量,k=1,2,...,K;K为子载波个数,F-1表示IFFT;得到Nr个时域波束合并滤波器,分别为作为所述信号接收滤波器。In expressions six and seven, is the set of D 1 ~D K , D k is the optimal beam combining vector on the kth subcarrier, k=1,2,...,K; K is the number of subcarriers, F -1 means IFFT; get N r time-domain beamcombining filters, respectively As the signal receiving filter.
以下是针对本发明实施例的技术方案进行的仿真,仿真性能指标为频谱效率,参数配置如下表所示:The following is a simulation for the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the simulation performance index is spectrum efficiency, and the parameter configuration is shown in the following table:
表一Table I
瑞利衰落信道仿真结果如图9所示,毫米波信道仿真结果如图10所示。可以看出,在瑞利衰落信道下,信噪比为0dB时,子载波级ABF的频谱效率比传统符号级ABF提升2.4倍;在毫米波信道下,信噪比为0dB时,子载波级ABF的频谱效率比传统符号级ABF提升7%。可以看出瑞利信道下频谱效率提升巨大,而在毫米波信道下频谱效率提升不明显,这主要是因为毫米波信道下,不同子载波上的信道相关性比较强。The simulation results of the Rayleigh fading channel are shown in Figure 9, and the simulation results of the millimeter wave channel are shown in Figure 10. It can be seen that in the Rayleigh fading channel, when the SNR is 0dB, the spectral efficiency of the subcarrier-level ABF is 2.4 times higher than that of the traditional symbol-level ABF; The spectral efficiency of ABF is 7% higher than that of traditional symbol-level ABF. It can be seen that the spectral efficiency is greatly improved under the Rayleigh channel, but the spectral efficiency is not significantly improved under the millimeter wave channel. This is mainly because the channel correlation on different subcarriers is relatively strong under the millimeter wave channel.
在OFDMA系统中,要求不同的资源块分配给不同的用户,此时不同资源块上的信道彼此独立,毫米波信道下仿真的频谱效率曲线如图11所示。可以看出,在毫米波信道下,OFDMA系统将1200个子载波平均分配给10个用户,信噪比为0dB时,子载波级ABF的频谱效率比传统符号级ABF提升2.2倍。In an OFDMA system, different resource blocks are required to be allocated to different users. At this time, the channels on different resource blocks are independent of each other. The simulated spectrum efficiency curve under the mmWave channel is shown in Figure 11. It can be seen that under the mmWave channel, the OFDMA system distributes 1200 subcarriers to 10 users on average. When the signal-to-noise ratio is 0dB, the spectral efficiency of subcarrier-level ABF is 2.2 times higher than that of traditional symbol-level ABF.
由此可见,无论是对于瑞利衰落信道,还是毫米波信道,本发明提出的子载波级ABF结构和方案相对于传统符号级ABF都能有很大的频谱效率的提升。It can be seen that, no matter for the Rayleigh fading channel or the millimeter wave channel, the subcarrier-level ABF structure and scheme proposed by the present invention can greatly improve the spectrum efficiency compared with the traditional symbol-level ABF.
因此,本发明实施例的技术方案中,信号在经由Nt个信号发送天线进行无线发送之前,先并行经过Nt个信号发送滤波器进行子载波级模拟波束成形,从而可以保证不同子载波信道的ABF性能,从而有效提升系统的频谱效率。Therefore, in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, before the signal is wirelessly transmitted through N t signal transmitting antennas, the signal first passes through N t signal transmitting filters in parallel to perform subcarrier-level analog beamforming, so that different subcarrier channel channels can be guaranteed ABF performance, thereby effectively improving the spectral efficiency of the system.
而信号发送滤波器是根据每个子载波各自的信道特性为其选择的波束成形向量确定的,也就是说,针对每个子载波各自的信道特性为其选择最佳的ABF向量后设计的信号发送滤波器可以最大限度的保证不同子载波信道的ABF性能。The signal transmission filter is determined according to the beamforming vector selected for each subcarrier's respective channel characteristics, that is, the signal transmission filter designed after selecting the best ABF vector for each subcarrier's respective channel characteristics The device can guarantee the ABF performance of different sub-carrier channels to the greatest extent.
本技术领域技术人员可以理解,本发明包括涉及用于执行本申请中所述操作中的一项或多项的设备。这些设备可以为所需的目的而专门设计和制造,或者也可以包括通用计算机中的已知设备。这些设备具有存储在其内的计算机程序,这些计算机程序选择性地激活或重构。这样的计算机程序可以被存储在设备(例如,计算机)可读介质中或者存储在适于存储电子指令并分别耦联到总线的任何类型的介质中,所述计算机可读介质包括但不限于任何类型的盘(包括软盘、硬盘、光盘、CD-ROM、和磁光盘)、ROM(Read-Only Memory,只读存储器)、RAM(Random Access Memory,随即存储器)、EPROM(Erasable ProgrammableRead-Only Memory,可擦写可编程只读存储器)、EEPROM(Electrically ErasableProgrammable Read-Only Memory,电可擦可编程只读存储器)、闪存、磁性卡片或光线卡片。也就是,可读介质包括由设备(例如,计算机)以能够读的形式存储或传输信息的任何介质。Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention includes devices related to performing one or more of the operations described in this application. These devices may be specially designed and fabricated for the required purposes, or they may include known devices found in general purpose computers. These devices have computer programs stored therein that are selectively activated or reconfigured. Such a computer program can be stored in a device (e.g., computer) readable medium, including but not limited to any type of medium suitable for storing electronic instructions and respectively coupled to a bus. Types of disks (including floppy disks, hard disks, CDs, CD-ROMs, and magneto-optical disks), ROM (Read-Only Memory, read-only memory), RAM (Random Access Memory, random memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), flash memory, magnetic card or optical card. That is, a readable medium includes any medium that stores or transmits information in a form readable by a device (eg, a computer).
本技术领域技术人员可以理解,可以用计算机程序指令来实现这些结构图和/或框图和/或流图中的每个框以及这些结构图和/或框图和/或流图中的框的组合。本技术领域技术人员可以理解,可以将这些计算机程序指令提供给通用计算机、专业计算机或其他可编程数据处理方法的处理器来实现,从而通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理方法的处理器来执行本发明公开的结构图和/或框图和/或流图的框或多个框中指定的方案。Those skilled in the art will understand that computer program instructions can be used to implement each block in these structural diagrams and/or block diagrams and/or flow diagrams and combinations of blocks in these structural diagrams and/or block diagrams and/or flow diagrams . Those skilled in the art can understand that these computer program instructions can be provided to general-purpose computers, professional computers, or processors of other programmable data processing methods for implementation, so that the computer or processors of other programmable data processing methods can execute the present invention. A scheme specified in a block or blocks of a structure diagram and/or a block diagram and/or a flow diagram of the invention disclosure.
本技术领域技术人员可以理解,本发明中已经讨论过的各种操作、方法、流程中的步骤、措施、方案可以被交替、更改、组合或删除。进一步地,具有本发明中已经讨论过的各种操作、方法、流程中的其他步骤、措施、方案也可以被交替、更改、重排、分解、组合或删除。进一步地,现有技术中的具有与本发明中公开的各种操作、方法、流程中的步骤、措施、方案也可以被交替、更改、重排、分解、组合或删除。Those skilled in the art can understand that the various operations, methods, and steps, measures, and solutions in the processes discussed in the present invention can be replaced, changed, combined, or deleted. Further, other steps, measures, and schemes in the various operations, methods, and processes that have been discussed in the present invention may also be replaced, changed, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted. Further, steps, measures, and schemes in the prior art that have operations, methods, and processes disclosed in the present invention can also be alternated, changed, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.
所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解:以上任何实施例的讨论仅为示例性的,并非旨在暗示本公开的范围(包括权利要求)被限于这些例子;在本发明的思路下,以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合,步骤可以以任意顺序实现,并存在如上所述的本发明的不同方面的许多其它变化,为了简明它们没有在细节中提供。因此,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何省略、修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the discussion of any of the above embodiments is exemplary only, and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including claims) is limited to these examples; under the idea of the present invention, the above embodiments or Combinations between technical features in different embodiments are also possible, steps may be carried out in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not presented in detail for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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