CN108494457B - Antenna scale selection method based on moving speed in FDD large-scale MIMO system - Google Patents
Antenna scale selection method based on moving speed in FDD large-scale MIMO system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108494457B CN108494457B CN201810277435.9A CN201810277435A CN108494457B CN 108494457 B CN108494457 B CN 108494457B CN 201810277435 A CN201810277435 A CN 201810277435A CN 108494457 B CN108494457 B CN 108494457B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0602—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
- H04B7/0608—Antenna selection according to transmission parameters
- H04B7/061—Antenna selection according to transmission parameters using feedback from receiving side
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0632—Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0691—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using subgroups of transmit antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
- H04L25/0228—Channel estimation using sounding signals with direct estimation from sounding signals
Abstract
The invention discloses an antenna scale selection method based on moving speed in an FDD large-scale MIMO system.A user side feeds back a pilot signal to a base station side by adopting an analog feedback scheme, and the base station side estimates a downlink channel; data are transmitted through zero forcing precoding, then derivation is carried out on the number of the started antennas according to the moving speed of a user and the frequency spectrum efficiency of the MIMO system, the relation between the moving speed and the optimal antenna scale is obtained, and the started antenna scale is selected. The invention can reasonably adjust the proportion of channel estimation and feedback in coherent time according to the difference of the moving speed of the user, makes optimal compromise between the emission diversity gain and the overhead of channel estimation and feedback, and effectively improves the spectrum efficiency of the system.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to an antenna scale selection method based on moving speed in an FDD large-scale MIMO system.
[ background of the invention ]
The large-scale MIMO system can fully excavate and utilize the spatial domain degree of freedom by arranging the large-scale antenna array at the base station end, improves the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency of the system, and is widely concerned. Most of current cell systems adopt an FDD mode, the FDD mode has great advantages in uplink and downlink symmetric transmission and time delay performance, and the research on the FDD large-scale MIMO system is of great significance in order to be compatible with the current cell system and realize the performance gain of the large-scale MIMO system.
The key to obtaining performance gain of massive MIMO systems is: the base station can acquire the channel state information in time. For a traditional MIMO system, the base station acquires the pilot information depending on the channel estimation and feedback of the user terminal, and the overhead of the channel estimation and feedback is proportional to the size of the antennas turned on in the base station. In an actual cell system, the more antennas that are not on, the better the performance of the system. This is because the number of antennas to be turned on increases, and although the spatial degree of freedom can be utilized more, the overhead of channel estimation and feedback increases, and the spectral efficiency of the system decreases. Under different moving speed scenes, the number of symbols which can be sent in the coherent time of the system is different, so that the proportion of channel estimation and feedback is influenced, and a proper antenna scale needs to be selected and started to obtain the maximum spectrum efficiency.
[ summary of the invention ]
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for selecting an antenna scale based on a moving speed in an FDD massive MIMO system, which improves the spectrum efficiency of the system by selectively starting an appropriate antenna scale according to the difference of the moving speeds of the user terminals.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an antenna scale selection method based on moving speed in an FDD large-scale MIMO system is characterized in that a user side feeds back a pilot signal to a base station side by adopting an analog feedback scheme, and the base station side estimates a downlink channel; data are transmitted through zero forcing precoding, then derivation is carried out on the number of the started antennas according to the moving speed of a user and the frequency spectrum efficiency of the MIMO system, the relation between the moving speed and the optimal antenna scale is obtained, and the started antenna scale is selected.
Specifically, a base station end sends a pilot signal to a user end through a downlink channel, the user end directly feeds back the received pilot signal to the base station end through an uplink channel, and sends a reference signal to the base station end through the uplink channel, the base station end estimates the uplink channel through the reference signal, and then estimates the downlink channel through the estimated uplink channel and the pilot information fed back by the user.
Further, the spectral efficiency S is as follows:
wherein, B is the bandwidth, c is the speed of light, f is the carrier frequency, v is the user moving speed, N is the number of users, M is the number of antennas turned on, and ρ is the receiving end signal-to-noise ratio.
Furthermore, under the condition that the number of users and the signal-to-noise ratio of a receiving end are fixed, the number of started antennas is derived to obtain the relation between the moving speed and the optimal antenna scale, so that the proper antenna scale is selected to be started under different moving speeds, and the spectrum efficiency of the system is maximized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to an antenna scale selection method based on moving speed in an FDD large-scale MIMO system.A user side feeds back a pilot signal to a base station side by adopting an analog feedback scheme, and the base station side estimates a downlink channel; data are transmitted through zero forcing precoding, then the number of the opened antennas is derived according to the moving speed of a user and the spectrum efficiency of the MIMO system, the relation between the moving speed and the optimal antenna scale is obtained, the opened antenna scale is selected, the proportion of channel estimation and feedback in coherent time can be reasonably adjusted according to the difference of the moving speed of the user, the optimal compromise is made between the emission diversity gain and the channel estimation and feedback overhead, and the spectrum efficiency of the system is effectively improved.
Further, for FDD massive MIMO system, if multiplexing gain M (number of antennas) is to be obtained, the feedback cost is required:
wherein P isdBThe feedback cost is M, under the condition of high signal-to-noise ratio, the system capacity under the condition of approximate ideal channel information can be obtained with relatively small feedback overhead, the feedback overhead is reduced, and the advantages are that: more time slot resources are used for data transmission, and the frequency spectrum efficiency of the system is improved.
Furthermore, in the spectrum efficiency formula, the number of antennas is derived, the number of antennas to be turned on at the moving speed of the user side can be obtained, and the maximum spectrum efficiency can be obtained by obtaining the optimal number of antennas.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a scenario in which the method of the present invention is applied;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of coherence time according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a functional implementation module of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optimal number of antennas under different moving speeds obtained by simulation and theoretical analysis according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the comparison between the number of selected antennas and the number of fixed antennas according to the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The invention provides an antenna scale selection method based on moving speed in an FDD large-scale MIMO system, in the FDD large-scale MIMO system, a base station arranges a large-scale antenna array, the overhead of channel estimation and feedback is in direct proportion to the number of antennas in the base station, and the coherence time of a channel is limited.
Referring to fig. 1, the scattering environment of both the transmitting end and the user end is very rich. At this time, the correlation of the channels between different transmit antennas to receive antennas is weak and can be considered approximately independent.
Referring to fig. 2, the channel can be considered approximately constant during the coherence time. One part is used for channel estimation and feedback, and the other part is used for data transmission. In order to improve the spectrum efficiency of the system, the overhead of channel estimation and feedback is reduced as much as possible.
Referring to fig. 3, the present invention discloses a mobile speed-based antenna scale selection method in an FDD massive MIMO system, which selects and opens a suitable antenna scale of a base station end according to different mobile speeds of a user end to improve the spectrum efficiency of the system, and mainly includes the following steps:
s1, channel estimation and feedback stage: by adopting an analog feedback scheme, the base station estimates a downlink channel
The base station end sends a pilot signal to the user end through a downlink channel, the user end directly feeds back the received pilot signal to the base station end through an uplink channel, and sends a reference signal to the base station end through the uplink channel, the base station end estimates the uplink channel through the reference signal, and then estimates the downlink channel through the estimated uplink channel and the pilot information fed back by the user.
S2, the base station end selects and opens proper antenna scale according to the moving speed of the user
After estimating a downlink channel, the base station transmits data through zero-forcing precoding. Under the condition of high signal-to-noise ratio, the downlink channel estimated by the base station end is accurate enough.
The spectral efficiency of the system can be expressed as:
wherein, B is the bandwidth, c is the speed of light, f is the carrier frequency, v is the user moving speed, N is the number of users, M is the number of antennas turned on, and ρ is the receiving end signal-to-noise ratio.
And under the condition that N and rho are fixed, the relation between the moving speed and the optimal antenna scale can be obtained by differentiating M, so that the proper antenna scale is selected to be started under different moving speeds, and the spectrum efficiency of the system is maximized.
When the number of antennas M turned on increases, the right term of the spectral efficiency formula for the system is approximated by log2M increases, i.e. M tends to infinity, the right term has a limited increase, while the left term has a significant decrease.
For FDD massive MIMO systems, the more antennas that are not on, the higher the spectral efficiency of the system. The moving speed affects the length of the channel coherence time, and further affects the overhead proportion of channel estimation and feedback, i.e. the left term in the above equation. At different moving speeds, an optimal compromise is made between the left term and the right term of the above equation to obtain the maximum spectral efficiency.
Referring to fig. 4, a result of theoretical analysis is shown, a solid line shows a simulation result, the result of theoretical analysis is very close to the simulation result, the optimal number of antennas differs by 2, and the difference between the theoretical result and the simulation result is not large in the vicinity of the optimal value, which indicates that the result of theoretical analysis is basically consistent with the simulation result.
Referring to fig. 5, the diamond line indicates the spectrum efficiency when the proper number of antennas is selected, and the plus sign and the multiplier sign indicate the spectrum efficiency when the fixed number of antennas is turned on to be 10 and 18, respectively. At different moving speeds, the proper number of antennas is selected to be started, and the frequency spectrum efficiency of the system can be effectively improved.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An antenna scale selection method based on moving speed in an FDD large-scale MIMO system is characterized in that a user side feeds back a pilot signal to a base station side by adopting an analog feedback scheme, and the base station side estimates a downlink channel; data are transmitted through zero forcing precoding, then derivation is carried out on the number of started antennas according to the moving speed of a user end and the frequency spectrum efficiency of the MIMO system, the relation between the moving speed and the optimal antenna scale is obtained, and the started antenna scale is selected;
the base station end sends a pilot signal to the user end through a downlink channel, the user end directly feeds back the received pilot signal to the base station end through an uplink channel, and sends a reference signal to the base station end through the uplink channel, the base station end estimates the uplink channel through the reference signal, and then estimates the downlink channel through the estimated uplink channel and the pilot signal fed back by the user end, and the spectral efficiency S is as follows:
b is bandwidth, c is light speed, f is carrier frequency, v is user moving speed, N is the number of users, M is the number of started antennas, and rho is the signal-to-noise ratio of a receiving end;
under the condition that the number of users and the signal-to-noise ratio of a receiving end are fixed, the number of started antennas is derived to obtain the relation between the moving speed of a user side and the optimal antenna scale, so that the proper antenna scale is selected to be started at different moving speeds, and the spectrum efficiency of the system is maximized.
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| CN110098857B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-04-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna switching method and device for terminal equipment |
| CN112821930A (en) * | 2020-10-25 | 2021-05-18 | 泰州物族信息科技有限公司 | Adaptive antenna state management platform |
| CN112312502B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-08-26 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Method and terminal for determining access network equipment |
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| An energy efficient antenna selection for large scale green MIMO systems;Byung Moo Lee 等;《2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)》;20130523;第950-953页 * |
| Energy efficiency maximization in downlink multiuser MIMO systems: An asymptotic analysis approach;Liwei Yan 等;《2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference》;20141212;第3916-3921页 * |
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