CN108492557A - Highway jam level judgment method based on multi-model fusion - Google Patents

Highway jam level judgment method based on multi-model fusion Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108492557A
CN108492557A CN201810255202.9A CN201810255202A CN108492557A CN 108492557 A CN108492557 A CN 108492557A CN 201810255202 A CN201810255202 A CN 201810255202A CN 108492557 A CN108492557 A CN 108492557A
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China
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model
sample
data
jam level
highway
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Inventor
陈非
王瑞锦
李凯
张凤荔
杨婉懿
张雪岩
蒋贵川
陈学勤
高强
刘崛雄
翟嘉伊
唐晨
王彬陶
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Sichuan High Road Traffic Information Engineering Co Ltd
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Sichuan High Road Traffic Information Engineering Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0125Traffic data processing
    • G08G1/0129Traffic data processing for creating historical data or processing based on historical data
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0125Traffic data processing
    • G08G1/0133Traffic data processing for classifying traffic situation

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of highway jam level judgment methods based on multi-model fusion comprising following steps:S1, highway flow histories data are obtained and are normalized;S2, jam level number K is preset according to the data after normalized, and K mean cluster analysis is carried out to data, obtain the jam level of historical data, i.e. judgment models;S3, the jam level according to historical data carry out classification analysis to the highway flow real time data after normalized simultaneously using different sorting algorithms, obtain multiple jam levels of real time data, i.e. disaggregated model;S4, disaggregated model is merged by judgment models, obtains the real-time jam level of highway.The present invention, as model, is simultaneously trained model using a variety of sorting algorithms, merges that each model obtains as a result, effectively improving discrimination precision using historical data.

Description

Highway jam level judgment method based on multi-model fusion
Technical field
The present invention relates to data analysis fields, and in particular to it is a kind of based on multi-model fusion highway jam level sentence Disconnected method.
Background technology
With the quickening of China's rapid development of economy and social progress step, the traffic capacity of freeway network is Growing transport need is cannot be satisfied, congested in traffic and clogging becomes increasingly severe, and traffic jam level differentiates The service level that road network can be reacted in real time from global angle is the weight that traffic control system is cooperateed with traffic flow guidance system It will foundation.Traffic jam level differentiates while reflection traffic flow objective operating status, can be provided to traffic administration person accurate True ground traffic noise prediction information.When in this differentiation result being provided to transportation system management person and policymaker's hand, they are just Different situations can be directed to and formulate corresponding traffic control, management and induction measure.In addition, the differentiation of traffic behavior can be to road The collected all kinds of traffic datas of roadbed plinth information acquisition system are analyzed, and current traffic is obtained according to their variation tendency The operation conditions of system.
Traffic flow average travel speed data are mainly obtained for the differentiation of jam level at present, by by itself and threshold value It is compared, to realize the differentiation to traffic status of express way.But this method be only applicable to distinguish it is crowded or uncongested two Kind traffic behavior, if traffic behavior to be carried out to more careful division, the accuracy of this method will decline very much.In addition, At present in terms of the differentiation of traffic behavior, it is concentrated mainly on the judgement to urban road congestion grade, for the friendship of highway , not yet there is the system discrimination standard of a set of maturation in logical condition discrimination, this, which also gives, carries out differentiation using the above method and bring at present No small difficulty.
Invention content
For above-mentioned deficiency in the prior art, a kind of highway congestion based on multi-model fusion provided by the invention Level determination method solves the problems, such as that existing jam level discriminant accuracy is low.
In order to reach foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
There is provided a kind of highway jam level judgment method merged based on multi-model comprising following steps:
S1, highway flow histories data are obtained and are normalized;
S2, jam level number K is preset according to the data after normalized, and K mean cluster analysis is carried out to data, Obtain the jam level of historical data, i.e. judgment models;
S3, the jam level according to historical data, using different sorting algorithms simultaneously to the high speed after normalized Highway flow real time data carries out classification analysis, obtains multiple jam levels of real time data, i.e. disaggregated model;
S4, disaggregated model is merged by judgment models, obtains the real-time jam level of highway.
Further, highway flow histories data are obtained and the method being normalized is:
The historical data for obtaining freeway traffic flow road network operating status, is arranged corresponding time window, by time window Historical data in mouthful collects the single unit vehicle travel direction traffic flow data for obtaining time interval T, it is normalized place Reason;Wherein traffic flow data includes:The magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate.
Further, jam level number K is preset according to the data after normalized, and it is poly- to carry out K mean values to data Alanysis, obtains the jam level of historical data, i.e. the method for judgment models is:
S2-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized
{x(1),x(2),…x(m)},xi∈Rn
Wherein xiFor individualized training sample, i=1,2 ..., m;RnFor total training sample;
S2-2, setting jam level number K, are randomly derived K cluster centre point:
μ12,…μk∈Rn
S2-3, according to formula
The classification of each sample i is obtained, and according to formula
Update is per a kind of barycenter μj, until distortion function
Convergence obtains the K barycenter no longer changed;
S2-4, using the minimum value of sample and each cluster centre point distance as the sample belong to the judgement of certain classification according to According to i.e. judgment models;
Wherein K is given cluster numbers, C(i)Representative sample i and the nearest classification of distance, C in k class(i)=1,2 ..., K; Barycenter μjThe conjecture to the center of a sample's point for belonging to same class is represented, after distortion function convergence, μjAs in such particle The heart;J=0,1,2 ..., k;J (c, μ) is distortion function, μcFor the center after the completion of cluster.
Further, K values are 4, that is, are divided into the grade of 4 congestion levels from low to high:Unimpeded, jogging, congestion and tight Congestion again.
Further, disaggregated model includes model-naive Bayesian, decision-tree model, SVM models and Logic Regression Models:
The sorting technique of model-naive Bayesian is:
S3-1-1, according to the data acquisition sample after normalized:
{(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…(xN,yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate; yi∈(c(1),c(2),…c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-1-2, the sample according to acquisition and following formula:
Obtain some value a of sample characteristicsjlGiving certain classification c(k)Under Probability p (xj=ajl| y=c(k)), i.e. mould The elementary probability of type;Wherein I (x) is indicator function, is calculated as 1 if being set up in bracket, is otherwise 0;N indicates total sample number, i= 1,2,…,N;
S3-1-3, the elementary probability according to model, pass through formula
Obtain giving the probability of unfiled new instance X;
S3-1-4, according to formula
Obtain the classification y described in the instance X;
The sorting technique of decision-tree model is:
S3-2-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized:
{(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…(xN,yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate; yi∈(c(1),c(2),…c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-2-2, according to formula
Entropy H is obtained, wherein x is classification, and p (x) is the probability that any sample is the classification;
S3-2-3, data set is divided according to the maximum principle of entropy difference;
The sorting technique of SVM models is:
S3-3-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized:
{(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…(xN,yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate; yi∈(c(1),c(2),…c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-3-2, according to formula
k(x,xi)=((x*xi)+1)d
Classified and obtains disaggregated model, wherein xiIndicate that i-th of sample, d are constant;
The sorting technique of Logic Regression Models is:
S3-4-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized:
{(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…(xN,yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate; yi∈(c(1),c(2),…c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-4-2, according to sigmoid functions
Z=θ01x12x23x3+…+θnxn
Classified and obtains disaggregated model y;Wherein e is natural constant;θ0, θ1, θ2…θnIt is constant;x1, x2, x3... xnRespectively first sample, second sample, n-th of sample of third sample ....
Further, disaggregated model is merged by judgment models, the method for obtaining highway jam level is:
S4-1, it will determine that the data of model are randomly divided into training set and test set according to a certain percentage;
S4-2, disaggregated model is trained according to training set, obtains the model after each fusion;
S4-3, test set is tested according to the model after each fusion, obtains the precision of model after each fusion;
S4-4, it at least repeats that step S4-1 is primary to step S4-3, obtains the mean accuracy G of model after each fusionb, b= 1,2 ..., n, n are the sum of model after fusion;
S4-5, according to formula
Obtain the weight P of model mean accuracy after each fusionn
S4-6, according to formula
G=P1G1+P2G2+P3G3+…++PnGn
The final result G of model after each fusion is obtained, according to the minimum of final result G and each jam level barycenter numerical value Difference judges jam level;
Wherein M is model training number, NCThe quantity summation hit using the disaggregated model for M times, NAFor test set sample Sum.
Further, the ratio of training set and test set is 3:1.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:The present invention based on the data that freeway traffic collecting device obtains, with when Between in window by vehicle flowrate quantity, section average speed and occupation rate etc. historical data is gathered for core parameter Class, and using result as the foundation of real time data progress classification learning.Finally merge it is that a variety of classification learning models obtain as a result, Real time discriminating is carried out to jam level, effectively increases the discrimination precision to jam level.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described below, in order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art this hair It is bright, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the ranges of specific implementation mode, for those skilled in the art, As long as various change is in the spirit and scope of the present invention that the attached claims limit and determine, these variations are aobvious and easy See, all are using the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the row of protection.
As shown in Figure 1, should be included the following steps based on the highway jam level judgment method that multi-model merges:
S1, highway flow histories data are obtained and are normalized;
S2, jam level number K is preset according to the data after normalized, and K mean cluster analysis is carried out to data, Obtain the jam level of historical data, i.e. judgment models;
S3, the jam level according to historical data, using different sorting algorithms simultaneously to the high speed after normalized Highway flow real time data carries out classification analysis, obtains multiple jam levels of real time data, i.e. disaggregated model;
S4, disaggregated model is merged by judgment models, obtains the real-time jam level of highway.
It obtains highway flow histories data and the method being normalized is:
The historical data for obtaining freeway traffic flow road network operating status, is arranged corresponding time window, by time window Historical data in mouthful collects the single unit vehicle travel direction traffic flow data for obtaining time interval T, it is normalized place Reason;Wherein traffic flow data includes:The magnitude of traffic flow, space headway, travel speed, traffic density, queue length and occupation rate.
Jam level number K is preset according to the data after normalized, and K mean cluster analysis is carried out to data, is obtained Method to the jam level of historical data, i.e. judgment models is:
S2-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized
{x(1),x(2),…x(m)},xi∈Rn
Wherein xiFor individualized training sample, i=1,2 ..., m;RnFor total training sample;
S2-2, setting jam level number K, are randomly derived K cluster centre point:
μ12,…μk∈Rn
S2-3, according to formula
The classification of each sample i is obtained, and according to formula
Update is per a kind of barycenter μj, until distortion function
Convergence obtains the K barycenter no longer changed;
S2-4, using the minimum value of sample and each cluster centre point distance as the sample belong to the judgement of certain classification according to According to i.e. judgment models;
Wherein K is given cluster numbers, C(i)Representative sample i and the nearest classification of distance, C in k class(i)=1,2 ..., K; Barycenter μjThe conjecture to the center of a sample's point for belonging to same class is represented, after distortion function convergence, μjAs in such particle The heart;J=0,1,2 ..., k;J (c, μ) is distortion function, μcFor the center after the completion of cluster.
K values are 4, that is, are divided into the grade of 4 congestion levels from low to high:Unimpeded, jogging, congestion and heavy congestion.
Disaggregated model includes model-naive Bayesian, decision-tree model, SVM models and Logic Regression Models:
The sorting technique of model-naive Bayesian is:
S3-1-1, according to the data acquisition sample after normalized:
{(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…(xN,yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate; yi∈(c(1),c(2),…c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-1-2, the sample according to acquisition and following formula:
Obtain some value a of sample characteristicsjlGiving certain classification c(k)Under Probability p (xj=ajl| y=c(k)), i.e. mould The elementary probability of type;Wherein I (x) is indicator function, is calculated as 1 if being set up in bracket, is otherwise 0;N indicates total sample number, i= 1,2,…,N;
S3-1-3, the elementary probability according to model, pass through formula
Obtain giving the probability of unfiled new instance X;
S3-1-4, according to formula
Obtain the classification y described in the instance X;
The sorting technique of decision-tree model is:
S3-2-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized:
{(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…(xN,yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate; yi∈(c(1),c(2),…c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-2-2, according to formula
Entropy H is obtained, wherein x is classification, and p (x) is the probability that any sample is the classification;
S3-2-3, data set is divided according to the maximum principle of entropy difference;
The sorting technique of the SVM models is:
S3-3-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized:
{(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…(xN,yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate; yi∈(c(1),c(2),…c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-3-2, according to formula
k(x,xi)=((x*xi)+1)d
Classified and obtains disaggregated model, wherein xiIndicate that i-th of sample, d are constant;
The sorting technique of Logic Regression Models is:
S3-4-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized:
{(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…(xN,yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate; yi∈(c(1),c(2),…c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-4-2, according to sigmoid functions
Z=θ01x12x23x3+…+θnxn
Classified and obtains disaggregated model y;Wherein e is natural constant;θ0, θ1, θ2…θnIt is constant;x1, x2, x3... xnRespectively first sample, second sample, n-th of sample of third sample ....
Disaggregated model is merged by judgment models, the method for obtaining highway jam level is:
S4-1, it will determine that the data of model are randomly divided into training set and test set according to a certain percentage;
S4-2, disaggregated model is trained according to training set, obtains the model after each fusion;
S4-3, test set is tested according to the model after each fusion, obtains the precision of model after each fusion;
S4-4, it at least repeats that step S4-1 is primary to step S4-3, obtains the mean accuracy G of model after each fusionb, b= 1,2 ..., n, n are the sum of model after fusion;
S4-5, according to formula
Obtain the weight P of model mean accuracy after each fusionn
S4-6, according to formula
G=P1G1+P2G2+P3G3+…++PnGn
The final result G of model after each fusion is obtained, according to the minimum of final result G and each jam level barycenter numerical value Difference judges jam level;
Wherein M is model training number, NCThe quantity summation hit using the disaggregated model for M times, NAFor test set sample Sum.
The ratio of training set and test set is 3:1.
In conclusion the present invention is based on the data that freeway traffic collecting device obtains, to lead in time window The average speed of the vehicle flowrate quantity, section crossed and occupation rate etc. are that core parameter clusters historical data, and will tie Fruit carries out the foundation of classification learning as real time data.It finally merges that a variety of classification learning models obtain as a result, to congestion etc. Grade carries out real time discriminating, effectively increases the discrimination precision to jam level.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of highway jam level judgment method based on multi-model fusion, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
S1, highway flow histories data are obtained and are normalized;
S2, jam level number K is preset according to the data after normalized, and K mean cluster analysis is carried out to data, obtain The jam level of historical data, i.e. judgment models;
S3, the jam level according to historical data, using different sorting algorithms simultaneously to the highway after normalized Flow real time data carries out classification analysis, obtains multiple jam levels of real time data, i.e. disaggregated model;
S4, disaggregated model is merged by judgment models, obtains the real-time jam level of highway.
2. the highway jam level judgment method according to claim 1 based on multi-model fusion, which is characterized in that It obtains highway flow histories data and the method being normalized is:
The historical data for obtaining freeway traffic flow road network operating status, is arranged corresponding time window, will be in time window Historical data collect the single unit vehicle travel direction traffic flow data for obtaining time interval T, it is normalized;Its Middle traffic flow data includes:The magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate.
3. the highway jam level judgment method according to claim 2 based on multi-model fusion, which is characterized in that Jam level number K is preset according to the data after normalized, and K mean cluster analysis is carried out to data, obtains history number According to jam level, i.e. the method for judgment models is:
S2-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized
{x(1), x(2)... x(m), xi∈Rn
Wherein xiFor individualized training sample, i=1,2 ..., m;RnFor total training sample;
S2-2, setting jam level number K, are randomly derived K cluster centre point:
μ1, μ2... μk∈Rn
S2-3, according to formula
The classification of each sample i is obtained, and according to formula
Update is per a kind of barycenter μj, until distortion function
Convergence obtains the K barycenter no longer changed;
S2-4, the basis for estimation for belonging to certain classification using the minimum value of sample and each cluster centre point distance as the sample, i.e., Judgment models;
Wherein K is given cluster numbers, C(i)Representative sample i and the nearest classification of distance, C in k class(i)=1,2 ..., K;Barycenter μj The conjecture to the center of a sample's point for belonging to same class is represented, after distortion function convergence, μjAs such particle center;J= 0,1,2 ..., k;J (c, μ) is distortion function, μcFor the center after the completion of cluster.
4. the highway jam level judgment method according to claim 3 based on multi-model fusion, it is characterised in that: The K values are 4, that is, are divided into the grade of 4 congestion levels from low to high:Unimpeded, jogging, congestion and heavy congestion.
5. the highway jam level judgment method according to claim 3 based on multi-model fusion, which is characterized in that The disaggregated model includes model-naive Bayesian, decision-tree model, SVM models and Logic Regression Models:
The sorting technique of the model-naive Bayesian is:
S3-1-1, according to the data acquisition sample after normalized:
{(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ... (xN, yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate;yi∈ (c(1), c(2)... c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-1-2, the sample according to acquisition and following formula:
Obtain some value a of sample characteristicsj1Giving certain classification c(k)Under Probability p (xj=ajl| y=c(k)), i.e. model Elementary probability;Wherein I (x) is indicator function, is calculated as 1 if being set up in bracket, is otherwise 0;N expression total sample numbers, i=1, 2 ..., N;
S3-1-3, the elementary probability according to model, pass through formula
Obtain giving the probability of unfiled new instance X;
S3-1-4, according to formula
Obtain the classification y described in the instance X;
The sorting technique of the decision-tree model is:
S3-2-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized:
{(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ... (xN, yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate;yi∈ (c(1), c(2)... c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-2-2, according to formula
Entropy H is obtained, wherein x is classification, and p (x) is the probability that any sample is the classification;
S3-2-3, data set is divided according to the maximum principle of entropy difference;
The sorting technique of the SVM models is:
S3-3-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized:
{(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ... (xN, yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate;yi∈ (c(1), c(2)... c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-3-2, according to formula
K (x, xi)=((x*xi)+1)d
Classified and obtains disaggregated model, wherein xiIndicate that i-th of sample, d are constant;
The sorting technique of the Logic Regression Models is:
S3-4-1, according to the data acquisition training sample after normalized:
{(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ... (xN, yN)}
WhereinIt is M dimensional vectors, including the magnitude of traffic flow, travel speed and occupation rate;yi∈ (c(1), c(2)... c(k))TBelong to one kind in K classes;
S3-4-2, according to sigmoid functions
Z=θ01x12x23x3+…+θnxn
Classified and obtains disaggregated model y;Wherein e is natural constant;θ0, θ1, θ2…θnIt is constant;x1, x2, x3... xnPoint Not Wei first sample, second sample, n-th of sample of third sample ....
6. the highway jam level judgment method according to claim 5 based on multi-model fusion, which is characterized in that Disaggregated model is merged by judgment models, the method for obtaining highway jam level is:
S4-1, it will determine that the data of model are randomly divided into training set and test set according to a certain percentage;
S4-2, disaggregated model is trained according to training set, obtains the model after each fusion;
S4-3, test set is tested according to the model after each fusion, obtains the precision of model after each fusion;
S4-4, it at least repeats that step S4-1 is primary to step S4-3, obtains the mean accuracy G of model after each fusionb, b=1, 2 ..., n, n are the sum of model after fusion;
S4-5, according to formula
Obtain the weight P of model mean accuracy after each fusionn
S4-6, according to formula
G=P1G1+P2G2+P3G3+…++PnGn
The final result G of model after each fusion is obtained, according to the minimal difference of final result G and each jam level barycenter numerical value Judge jam level;
Wherein M is model training number, NCThe quantity summation hit using the disaggregated model for M times, NAIt is total for test set sample Number.
7. the highway jam level judgment method according to claim 6 based on multi-model fusion, it is characterised in that: The ratio of training set and test set is 3: 1.
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CN111209934A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-05-29 大唐新疆清洁能源有限公司 Fan fault prediction and alarm method and system
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CN114005275A (en) * 2021-10-25 2022-02-01 浙江交投高速公路运营管理有限公司 Highway vehicle congestion judging method based on multi-data source fusion
CN114005275B (en) * 2021-10-25 2023-03-14 浙江交投高速公路运营管理有限公司 Highway vehicle congestion judging method based on multi-data source fusion
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