CN108490076A - A kind of bimetallic turbine boundary defect supersonic detection method - Google Patents
A kind of bimetallic turbine boundary defect supersonic detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108490076A CN108490076A CN201711387296.7A CN201711387296A CN108490076A CN 108490076 A CN108490076 A CN 108490076A CN 201711387296 A CN201711387296 A CN 201711387296A CN 108490076 A CN108490076 A CN 108490076A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
- G01N2291/2693—Rotor or turbine parts
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the supersonic detection methods and special equipment of a kind of bad defect of castingin bimetallic turbine bonding interface.Since turbine combination interface favours turbine upper surface, and turbine lower face is cambered surface, and traditional internal loopback formula ultrasonic phase array detection mode does not receive side wall binder course reflection echo, and complicated and wheel disk of turbine is high-temperature alloy material, and acoustic attenuation is serious.And existing phased array devices emitting voltage is too low cannot solve the problems, such as that material is highly attenuating, and bistatic double probe method needs replacing different angle voussoir covering detection zone in addition.The present invention connects 15 array element phased array probes using high-tension phase control battle array expelling plate, is placed in turbine upper end as transmitter unit, ball probe, which is placed in as receiving terminal on the downside of turbine, receives bimetallic turbine binder course ultrasonic reflection signal.Simulating test pieces testing result shows that bimetallic turbine interface side wall area to be tested can be completely covered in the method for the present invention, has very high recall rate to defect, and can be relatively accurately positioned to defect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic detection methods, and in particular to a kind of castingin bimetallic turbine bonding interface is bad to be lacked
Fall into supersonic detection method.
Background technology
Core hot-end component one of of the turbine as aero-engine, including wheel disc and blade two parts.Wherein, wheel disc exists
Low operating temperatures are mainly acted on by mechanical stress, it is desirable that have higher tensile strength and fatigue resistance；Blade is at high temperature
Work is mainly acted on by centrifugal force, thermal stress, it is desirable that have good high-temperature and durable and croop property.Conventional turbine blade is logical
It crosses tenon with the tongue-and-groove of wheel disc outer rim to be connected, the load that will act on blade is transferred on wheel disc, but such technique is in tenon
There is more serious stress concentration to crack at tooth and tongue-and-groove.Novel imbedding process is put into advance in casting mold to be processed
High temperature alloy wheel disc, casting alloy liquid wrap up high temperature alloy wheel disc, its surrounding set be leaf tissue, shape of material objects and whirlpool
It is as shown in Figure 1 to take turns inner core two-dimensional structure.Using the turbine integraty of such technique good, unstressed concentration, uniform load, cost compared with
It is low.
In the actual production process of castingin bimetallic turbine, due to liquid-solid composite layer metallurgy cannot complete metallurgical melting,
Easily occurs the defects of slag inclusion, stomata, incomplete fusion, combined area intensity difference at combination interface.For whirlpool made of this new process
The characterization processes of the temporary not relative maturity of wheel, Magnetic testing and Liquid penetrant testing can only all detect the surface of turbine and near surface lacks
It falls into, cannot detect turbine interior combination planar defect；Though ray detection can detect internal flaw, turbine boundary defect type is
Area-type defect, ray detection is insensitive to such defect to easily cause missing inspection.Ultrasound detection is because it is with good directionality, sensitivity
High, the advantages that penetration capacity is strong, defect location is accurate, higher to the recall rate of area-type defect, is suitable for castingin bimetallic turbine
In conjunction with the detection of planar defect
But new detection difficult point is also brought using the turbine that imbedding process makes, it is main there are two：Disc material is Ni-based height
Temperature alloy, coarse grains are strong for the decaying of ultrasonic wave；It is complicated at bimetallic turbine combination interface, certainly using routine
Hair self-bring in type ultrasonic phase array detection does not receive interface echo.In order to solve the two main problems, special high electricity is now developed
15 channel phased array impulse ejection instrument are pressed, make conjunction in turbine upper end transmitting high voltage focus ultrasonic wave using the focus characteristics of phased array
At on sound beam focusing to faying face；In such a way that transmitting-receiving detaches, double gold are come to receive using ball probe in turbine lower end
Belong to the back wave at turbine binder course.Therefore emitted using phased array probe, the supersonic detection method that ball probe receives is applicable in
In this castingin bimetallic turbine faying face defects detection.
Invention content
The present invention is to solve the problems, such as that castingin double metal process makes turbine without ready-made detection method and special equipment, proposes one
Kind bimetallic turbine combination interface defect ultrasonic phase array detection method simultaneously develops detection device.This method can either completely be covered
Detection position needed for lid, and can effectively overcome the problems, such as that material acoustic attenuation is big.
The present invention is achieved like this, a kind of bimetallic turbine ultrasonic detection method and special inspecting equipment, special
Sign is that method is as follows：
（1）Bimetallic turbine dedicated test system is by 15 channel emission unit of special high-pressure phased array, phased array transmitting probe（It is attached
15 degree of voussoirs of band）, ball receiving transducer, ultrasonic wave receiving unit, imaging system（Subsidiary capture card）It constitutes；
（2）Probe is combined by couplant and the detection turbine, phased array probe with connect with angle voussoir after consolidate
Surely it is placed on the upside of wheel disc；Ball ultrasonic probe is placed on wheel disc other side center, fixed reception；
（3）Set the detection pattern of high-tension phase control battle array transmitter to self-defined focusing scanning；
（4）15 ° of voussoirs are assembled on phased array probe, and fixed placement is on the upside of turbine, it is different by the way that each array element is arranged
Delay is popped one's head in by ball after side wall reflects and is received to make ultrasonic beam dynamic emission focus on side wall, anti-from side wall is obtained
Ultrasonic signal after penetrating carrys out analysis and distinguishing, and whether there is or not in conjunction with planar defect.
（5）Using turbine center line as axis, 1 ° of revolving wormgear is moved to next test position, repeats step 3）, until inspection
Turbine whole is completely covered in survey, records and stores result.
（6）It completes castingin bimetallic turbine ultrasonic phase array one and sends out a receipts formula detection.
Further, the bimetallic turbine is pyramidal, upper end diameter 63mm, lower end diameter 33mm, a height of
96mm is the high-temperature nickel-based casting alloys of K447A, and longitudinal wave velocity about 6000m/s, the detection voussoir material is organic glass, long
It is highly 17mm for 33mm, width 21mm, angle is 15 °, longitudinal wave velocity 2337m/s.
Further, ultrasonic phase array probe does transmitting and uses, using ultrasonic phase array pop one's head in the deflectable of acoustic beam and
Focus characteristics enable acoustic beam to focus on bimetallic binder course in side to be detected；By changing each array element delay to adjust
It is integrated into the angle and focal position of acoustic beam, so that the receiving transducer on the downside of wheel disc is received side binder course and be reflected back
Wave.
Further, the couplant is 30# machine oil, density 0.9g/cm3, velocity of sound 1400m/s.
Further, the wedge angle is 15 °, it is therefore intended that improves transmitting of the synthesis acoustic beam to turbine side binder course
Directive property.Spread speed of the longitudinal wave in workpiece is most fast, and other structures wavestrip can be excluded to Data Frontend interception in receiving terminal
The interference come.It is 27.6 ° to calculate first critical angle by Snell's law, and in view of reflecting probe to be received by side wall
It receives, therefore chooses above-mentioned angle voussoir.
Further, the radiofrequency signal obtained using receiving transducer is to differentiate the principle of defect, when sound wave reaches
When faying face, due to the difference of wheel disc and blade material, there are the differences of acoustic impedance.According to Si Naier theorems, sound wave is at interface
There is reflection and refraction in place.If side wall exist combine it is bad, due to the difference of wheel disc and blade acoustic impedance be far smaller than wheel disc with
The difference of air, therefore in fault location sound wave by full transmitting, the signal amplitude that receiving transducer receives can increase.So passing through monitoring
Signal amplitude variation at receiving terminal side wall binder course position, may be implemented the detection to combining layer defects.
2, the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of bimetallic turbine ultrasonic detection method and special inspecting equipment,
It is characterized in that equipment is as follows：
（1）Special high-pressure phased array transmitter unit, emitting voltage range 450V ~ 600V, pulse width range 100ns ~ 500ns can
It adjusts；Array element delay precision minimum 2.5.Pulsewidth two level is adjustable in high pressure transmitting module, mainly by FPGA internal pulse-width tune
It saves module and peripheral portion circuit two parts to constitute, the former realizes pulse-width regulated, Hou Zhetong by adjusting FPGA inner parameters
The size for crossing the capacitance resistance of adjustment differential circuit realizes pulse-width regulated.High pressure generation module is as shown in figure 3, mainly by transformation
The devices such as device, capacitance, voltage-stabiliser tube are constituted, and predominantly high voltage switching module provides constant pressure.Multichannel is delayed high-voltage signal generation such as
Shown in Fig. 4, FPGA time delay modules obtain delay data from PC machine end, by calculating the roads output n time delayed signal；The roads n time delayed signal
Encourage multichannel high pressure activation module, you can generate multichannel high-voltage signal for encouraging phase array transducer.
（2）Special ball receiving transducer, outer diameter 20mm, spherical crown hollow space diameter 5mm.The purpose of spherical crown hollow design exists
In inhibiting direct wave to greatest extent（Acoustic beam is synthesized without offside reflection, is directed through to the ingredient of turbine bottom）Energy.
（3）Bonding defect localization method, using the time difference using transmitting direct wave and bi-metal interface defect waves to interface
Bonding defect is positioned.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：Blank of this type turbine without suitable detection method has been filled up, phased array is utilized
Deflection and focus characteristics, take phased array to emit according to turbine special construction, to need detection faces carry out all standing；Ball is popped one's head in
The method of reception, it is ensured that cambered surface receiving terminal shape determines debonding defect position using the time difference of debonding defect wave and direct wave, right
The production and use of turbine are of great importance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the detection object nickel base superalloy turbine disk figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the internal vertebral body figure of the detection object turbine disk of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the special equipment high voltage negative pulse time-delayed activation module map of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that module map is penetrated in the 15 array element high-tension phase control paroxysms of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the 15 array element high-tension phase control battle array detects schematic diagrams of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is that the hair of ultrasonic phase array one one of the present invention receives formula detection principle diagram.
Fig. 7 is the figure of simulating test pieces containing artificial defect of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the 15 array element high-tension phase control battle array detection waveform figures of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The specific technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 5, wherein 1 is special high-pressure phased array transmitter unit, 2 be 15 channel ultrasound phased array probes, and 3 are
15 ° of phased array tapered wedges, 4 be turbine to be detected, and 5 pop one's head in for ball, and 6 be pulse receiving instrument, and 7 be hair imaging system（Including adopting
Truck）.
The 15 ° of tapered wedges 3 of cooperation of phased array probe 2 are placed on 4 upside of turbine, since 3 angle of tapered wedges is faced less than first
Boundary angle, so ultrasonic phase array probe 2 will produce out longitudinal wave and shear wave in voussoir-turbine faying face.Since longitudinal wave velocity is more than
Shear wave, therefore longitudinal wave face reflection combined first is received by underlying ball probe 5.This A-mode ultrasonic wave signal is via arteries and veins
Punching transmitting receiving instrument 6 receives amplification, send to imaging system 7 and is shown, the differentiation of defect is carried out according to the signal that system is shown.
As shown in fig. 6, when sound wave reaches faying face, due to the difference of wheel disc and blade material, there are the differences of acoustic impedance
It is different.According to Si Naier theorems, there is reflection and refraction in sound wave, the signal amplitude that receiving transducer receives can be reduced in interface.
Meanwhile combination is bad if side wall exists, since the difference of wheel disc and blade acoustic impedance is far smaller than the difference of wheel disc and air, therefore
In fault location sound wave full transmitting, the signal amplitude that receiving transducer receives can increase.So by monitoring penetrated wave specific region
Signal amplitude variation, so that it may to realize detection to engaging portion defect.
It is case study on implementation of the present invention below, the example provided is only for illustrating this method, rather than in order to limit this method
Range.
Embodiment
A kind of bimetallic turbine combination planar defect supersonic detection method, the authentication first on the simulation sample for be formed with artificial defect
The sensitivity and validity of method.
The simulation sample containing artificial defect is made, material is K447A high temperature casting alloys, longitudinal wave velocity 5918m/s, shear wave
Velocity of sound 3233m/s.In the artificial prefabricated flat-bottom hole perpendicular to side wall of test block side wall different location, flat-bottom hole bottom surface is fallen in faying face
Geometric dimension on, between flat-bottom hole bottom surface line be BC with CD section, by side wall flat-bottom hole come simulate bimetallic faying face be bonded
Bad defect, as shown in Figure 7.Three flat-bottom holes are stamped at faying face in BC sections, CD sections are descended two flat-bottom holes at faying faces, deep
It is 10mm to spend, aperture 1.5mm, and spacing is identical between hole, and number is respectively 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5# from top to bottom.
The detection method specifically includes following steps,
（1）Phased array probe 2 is connected by couplant with 15 ° of tapered wedges 3,4 upside of turbine is placed on after connection.Ball is visited
First 5 are placed on the downside of turbine 4, two probes be both needed to couplant between turbine and couple well；
（2）Set the detection pattern of phased array to self-defined focusing scanning, adjusting emitting voltage is 450V, and pulsewidth 200ns is pressed
Each array element delay is set according to focusing algorithm, transmitting sound wave is enable to focus at the top of bimetallic binder course busbar at first point.
Phased array acoustic beam can carry out point-by-point focusing scanning along bimetallic binder course busbar under this pattern；
（3）Impulse ejection receiving instrument is switched into reception pattern, and adjusts appropriate gain.It opens simultaneously with high-speed collection card
Imaging system, change capture card triggering pattern trigger work after being, obtain stabilization and clearly reflect signal；
（4）Wheel disc is detected for BC, CD sections, 15 ° of tapered wedges are coupled with phased array probe.To BC sections of wheel disc upside the
One point is detected.It obtains first point reflection A and sweeps signal, record simultaneously store results；
（5）Then BC sections of second points are detected, repeat step 4）, this busbar detection finish；
（6）Using turbine center line as 1 ° of axis revolving wormgear, fixed phased paroxysm penetrates probe and pops one's head in ball, is moved to next
Busbar is detected, step 4 is repeated）, 5）, until BC, CD sections of turbine is completely covered in detection, records and store result；
（7）To whole A types wave numbers according to interception imaging, defect recognition is carried out, completes castingin bimetallic turbine ultrasonic phase array one and send out
One receives formula detection.
As shown in figure 8, it is direct wave that first, which the lower waveform of amplitude occurs, because its sound path is most short, therefore occur at first.Afterwards
The higher echo for simulation sample side wall of face amplitude, sound path are more than flat-bottom hole echo.In order to make defect location and more accurate,
Direct wave ski-jump time and bimetallic combination layer defects echo time are recorded successively and calculates the two path difference, according to quasi- in advance
The depth of defect of conjunction-path difference function pair defective locations are positioned.After the completion of integral turbine scanning, returned with defect at this
Wave amplitude peak -6db analyzes defect size as defect boundary Rule of judgment.
To 5 artificial defect locations on simulation sample, the results are shown in Table 1, and the position that fathoms is to survey with wheel disc upper surface
Measure starting point.
Table 1
Table 1 has shown that the error amount of measured value and artificial defect physical location, absolute error are not more than 2mm.Pass through measurement result
With the comparison of artificial defect physical location, show that phased array transmitting-ball probe Receiving can meet defect location requirement,
Be conducive to defect location.The invention is capable of the method for utility ultrasound to be examined completely to bimetallic turbine combination interface
It surveys.
The above is the preferred embodiments rather than limiting the scope of the invention of this method, therefore all according to Shen of the present invention
Please the equivalent change or modification that be done such as feature, principle described in range, be included within the scope of the present patent application.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of supersonic detection method of the bad defect of castingin bimetallic turbine bonding interface, method characteristic are as follows：
Special phased array transmitting-reception pattern：Ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal and receiving terminal separation, phased array probe are placed on turbine
End, as transmitting probe；Ball probe placement is in turbine lower end, as receiving transducer；Under this pattern, using 15 array element phased arrays
Probe, in turbine upper end, specifies combination interface to emit with 15 ° of voussoirs by applying different delayed time sequence pair to each array element
Focus scanning；It is received by lower end ball probe after the combined layer reflection of ultrasonic wave, utilizes the amplitude for receiving signal specific region
Variation differentiates in scanning zone the defect defect size that has that it's too late.
2. a kind of supersonic detection method of the bad defect of castingin bimetallic turbine bonding interface according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：15 channel phased array impulse ejection instrument of special high-pressure is developed, which uses losing side wave excitation ultrasonic wave, unloaded electricity
Press highest 600V, load voltage highest 450V；Pulse width range 100ns ~ 500ns is adjustable；Array element delay precision is minimum
2.5ns。
3. a kind of supersonic detection method of the bad defect of castingin bimetallic turbine bonding interface according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Using ball receiving transducer, probe outer diameter 20mm, spherical crown hollow space diameter 5mm；The mesh of spherical crown hollow design
Be inhibit through wave energy to greatest extent, synthesis acoustic beam is directed through without offside reflection to the ingredient of turbine bottom.
4. a kind of supersonic detection method of the bad defect of castingin bimetallic turbine bonding interface according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Bonding interface defect is positioned using transmitting direct wave and the time difference of bi-metal interface defect waves.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110006995A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-12 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) | For the non-homogeneous metal thick plate welding-seam phased array supersonic detection method of the gradually changeable velocity of sound |
| CN110174464A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-27 | 浙江大学 | A kind of turbine engine rotor internal flaw extends online supersonic detection device and method |
| CN111220703A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-06-02 | 中国航空工业集团公司济南特种结构研究所 | Antenna cover glued joint surface ultrasonic phased array detection device and method |
| CN113267571A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-17 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Test block for ultrasonic detection of porcelain piece under sleeve and detection method |
| CN113866274A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-31 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for filling defects of steel epoxy sleeve for oil and gas long-distance pipeline |
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- 2017-12-20 CN CN201711387296.7A patent/CN108490076A/en active Pending
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110006995A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-12 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) | For the non-homogeneous metal thick plate welding-seam phased array supersonic detection method of the gradually changeable velocity of sound |
| CN110174464A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-27 | 浙江大学 | A kind of turbine engine rotor internal flaw extends online supersonic detection device and method |
| CN110174464B (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2023-03-28 | 浙江大学 | Online ultrasonic detection device and method for internal defect extension of turbine engine rotor |
| CN111220703A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-06-02 | 中国航空工业集团公司济南特种结构研究所 | Antenna cover glued joint surface ultrasonic phased array detection device and method |
| CN113267571A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-17 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Test block for ultrasonic detection of porcelain piece under sleeve and detection method |
| CN113267571B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-11 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Test block for ultrasonic detection of porcelain piece under casing and detection method |
| CN113866274A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-31 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for filling defects of steel epoxy sleeve for oil and gas long-distance pipeline |
| CN113866274B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-02-13 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for filling defects of steel epoxy sleeve for oil-gas long-distance pipeline |
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Application publication date: 20180904 |