CN108489784A - A kind of volume force gradient loading method based on 3D printing technique - Google Patents
A kind of volume force gradient loading method based on 3D printing technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN108489784A CN108489784A CN201810221377.8A CN201810221377A CN108489784A CN 108489784 A CN108489784 A CN 108489784A CN 201810221377 A CN201810221377 A CN 201810221377A CN 108489784 A CN108489784 A CN 108489784A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of volume force gradient loading method based on 3D printing technique, belongs to geotechnical engineering experiment of machanics technical field.The size for calculating crustal stress in different structure face in practical geotechnical engineering simulates magnetic field intensity by scaled down ground style by numerical simulation software ANSYS, and the magnetisable material being in electromagnetic field receives the effect in magnetic field, to generate a body force.The magnetic material mass at each structural plane is calculated according to electromagnetic principles, builds the threedimensional model of test specimen to be prepared, and the threedimensional model is input in 3D printer.When test specimen makes, test specimen is put into magnetic field by a nozzle printing class rock-soil material, a nozzle printing magnetisable material after test specimen completes.Magnetisable material is attracted by electromagnet, and generates a gradient body force, achievees the purpose that simulate actual environment.The present invention can taking human as the load of control body force size, avoid the uneven disadvantage of conventional centrifuge body force load.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of body force loading method, more particularly to a kind of volume force gradient based on 3D printing technique adds
Support method belongs to geotechnical engineering experiment of machanics technical field.
Background technology
In geotechnical engineering, ground worker is frequently necessary to the rock mass under laboratory simulation true environment, such as side slope, greatly
Dam etc..But under natural environment, there is the structural planes such as very more joint fissures in rock mass, and the mechanical property of rock mass is main
It is controlled by these structural planes, this makes very difficult and necessary in the true rock mass of laboratory simulation.It can by 3D printing technique
In the form of accurately controlling the structural planes such as crack and distribution, or even extremely complex structural plane can be produced, this makes in reality
Testing room more can really obtain the simulation test specimen of true rock mass.
But in Practical Project, the volume of rock mass is very big with weight, leads to be tested more difficulty at the scene, because
And the rock mass in true environment is simulated in most of ground worker selections in the lab.However rock mass is in true environment, by
The own wt of rock mass and generate weight stress, its essence is a kind of body forces of gradient.It is usually adopted in laboratory simulation experiment
It is the true geotechnical engineering sample by scaled down, due to dimensional effect, suffered gravity and true environment may be caused
Under have larger difference, to more can not effectively simulate rock mass in Practical Project.
Body force load mode includes mainly following several at present:
The Chinese invention patent of Patent No. 201410089506.1《Self-balancing gravity laod loading method》, disclose one
Kind self-balancing gravity laod loading method, belongs to gravity laod experimental technique field.The invention includes " V " type pendant, townhouse wheel
Sliding group, suspension hook, steel wire rope, Wirerope fixing device, counter-force pedestal.But the problem of there is stress points when loading, not body force
Load, is affected to test specimen.
The Chinese invention patent of Patent No. 201510109197.7《A kind of hypergravity oily-water seperating equipment》, disclose one
Kind hypergravity oily-water seperating equipment, including rack and the cylinder being arranged in the rack, mainly pass through centrifuge and apply one
The body force of centrifugation.
Super-gravity device of the centrifuge as mainstream, is applied in every profession and trade.But due to instrument size, Wu Fashi
It is complicated for operation for the test specimen of large volume, while again there is body force load is uneven, and the shortcomings of damaged to test specimen
To sum up told, current overweight force loading device, in the prevalence of can not be suitable for large volume test block, body force loads
The problems such as uneven.Therefore, there is an urgent need to a kind of novel super-gravity device, the purpose suitable for large volume test specimen is had reached.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of volume force gradient loading method based on 3D printing technique, this method can fit
For larger geotechnical engineering test specimen, the stressing conditions of true rock mass in the actual environment more can be really simulated.
The present invention relates to a kind of body force loading method based on 3D printing technique, includes the following steps:
Step (1) calculates the size of crustal stress in different structure face in practical geotechnical engineering, by scaled down ground formula
Sample simulates magnetic field intensity by numerical simulation software ANSYS, and the magnetisable material being in electromagnetic field receives the effect in magnetic field,
To generate a body force.The size of this body force is related with the quality of magnetisable material and magnetic field intensity, according to electromagnetism
Principle calculates the magnetic material mass at each structural plane, builds the threedimensional model of test specimen to be prepared, and by the threedimensional model
It is input in 3D printer;
Printed material used in step (2) 3D printer is the magnetisable material of the mass substitutions such as incorporation, magnetisable material packet
Iron powder, nickel powder are included, by 3D printing, the magnetisable material of different quality is printed in the different location of test specimen, so as to simulate
The variation of crustal stress caused by different structure face in natural environment obtains the practical geotechnical engineering test specimen of scaled down.
When step (3) test specimen makes, a nozzle printing class rock-soil material, a nozzle printing magnetisable material waits for test specimen
After completing, test specimen is put into magnetic field.Magnetisable material is attracted by electromagnet, and generates a gradient body force, reaches mould
The purpose of quasi- actual environment.
Form and the distribution of structural plane can be accurately controlled using 3D printing technique;It can be accurate by numerical simulation software
The mixed magnetisable material of each structural plane of determination size, the final true crustal stress feelings of rock mass realized in simulating natural environment
Condition.
In step (1), using three-dimensional drawing software such as Solidworks softwares, the 3-dimensional digital of practical geotechnical engineering is built
Model.
It, in advance will be in the magnetisable material incorporation 3D printing material of equal mass substitutions in step (2).To avoid because of density of material
The too big caused volume nonuniform deposition of difference, the 3D printing material and magnetisable material of selection have approximate density.
In step (3), the magnetic field that test specimen is put into is the electromagnetic field generated by energization solenoid, passes through numerical simulation software
Can accurate simulation go out the size of the magnetic induction intensity of magnetic field everywhere, pass through the distribution matter for the magnetisable material for adjusting test specimen each position
Amount, so as to accurately simulate the variation of the crustal stress in true environment.It can be accurate by the inductor being preset in test block
Judge the size of super gravity field, and then continues to increase magnetic induction intensity by enhancing the electrical current of electromagnet, and magnetic field line
Be distributed it is constant, to achieve the purpose that simulate deep rock mass crustal stress.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that:(1) present apparatus is suitable for large volume of test block, meets
The requirement of geotechnical engineering experiment.And the inductor by being preset in test block, it can accurately judge super gravity field
Size goes out the rock mass crustal stress situation in actual environment so as to accurate simulation.(2) more traditional centrifuge operations are convenient,
It greatly reduces cost and can be used repeatedly to test specimen is lossless.(3) present invention is by making three-dimensional digital model simultaneously
The model is subjected to 3D printing, the spatial shape and distribution situation in the labyrinth face in true rock mass can be accurately controlled,
A small amount of magnetisable material is mixed, has smaller impression to the true geotechnical engineering of simulation of test specimen.(4) electromagnetism that the present invention uses
, can taking human as control body force load size, avoid conventional centrifuge body force load unevenness disadvantage.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is experimental provision illustraton of model;
Fig. 2 is electromagnet detail drawing;
Fig. 3 is electromagnet Section A-A figure;
Fig. 4 is electromagnet section B-B figure;
Fig. 5 is inductor fundamental diagram;
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The preparation method following steps of test specimen of the present invention:
(1) according to practical geotechnical engineering, the size of crustal stress in different structure face in practical geotechnical engineering is calculated, presses equal ratios
Example reduces ground style, simulates magnetic field intensity by numerical simulation software such as ANSYS etc., and then calculate at each structural plane
Magnetic material mass, build the three-dimensional digital model of test specimen to be prepared, and the three-dimensional digital model is inputted in 3D printer.
It (2) in advance will be in the magnetisable material incorporation 3D printing material of equal mass substitutions.In order to avoid being differed because of density of material
Too big caused volume nonuniform deposition, the 3D printing material of use should have approximate density with magnetisable material.3D printing
Used material is the 3D printing material of the magnetisable materials such as iron powder, nickel powder of mass substitutions etc. such as incorporation, by 3D printing,
The different location of test block prints the magnetisable material of different quality, caused by different structure face in simulating natural environment
The variation of crustal stress.Obtain the practical geotechnical engineering test specimen of scaled down.
(3) when test specimen makes, a nozzle printing class rock-soil material of 3D printer, another nozzle of 3D printer is beaten
Test specimen is put into magnetic field by print magnetisable material after test specimen completes.Magnetisable material is attracted by electromagnet, and generates one
Gradient body force achievees the purpose that simulate actual environment.
From shown in Fig. 1 it is found that electromagnetism load apparatus be drum-shaped, including diamagnetic outer cover of steel plate 1, saturating magnetic pallet 3, electromagnet 4,
Exhaust fan 5 and inductor 6.Test specimen 2 by etc. quality incorporation magnetisable material and be made up of 3D printing, the size of test specimen 2 depends on
Practical geotechnical engineering scaled down ratio.Inductor 6 is embedded in test specimen 2, and test specimen 2 is placed on magnetic pallet 3, electromagnet 4
It is placed on the bottom of magnetic pallet 3, the bottom of electromagnet 4 is equipped with exhaust fan 5;Exhaust fan 5, electromagnet 4, inductor 6 and saturating magnetic
Pallet 3 is installed on magnetic steel plate shell 1.
As in Figure 2-4, electromagnet model of the invention is as follows:
Electromagnet 4 includes outer magnetic pole 12, yoke plate and magnet exciting coil 8;It is distributed between center of circle magnetic core and outer magnetic pole 12
Magnetic pole 11 in several, middle magnetic pole 11 are an annulus, between each middle magnetic pole 11 and middle magnetic pole 11 with the diamagnetic steel plate of annular 6 every
It opens, iron core 9 is circumferentially disposed, and 9 one end of each iron core is welded with yoke plate, and the other end is connected with magnetic pole 11 in annular by bolt
It connects;Magnet exciting coil 8 there are one being set on each iron core 9, is separated with thermal insulation layer 7 later, and magnetic caused by each magnet exciting coil 8
Field direction is identical.
Totally ten three iron cores 9 are chosen, make iron core by arrangement as shown in Figure 3-4, each iron core 9 is circumferentially arranged, Ge Getie
Core 9 is connected with yoke plate, and insulating materials 10 is housed between magnet exciting coil 8 and shell, and magnet exciting coil 8 uses ring later loaded on shell 1
The diamagnetic plate of shape is by being bolted.
Inductor 6 and electromagnet are connect with power supply respectively, and inductor 6 is connect with controller, controller and power amplifier
Connection, power amplifier are connect with electromagnet.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of volume force gradient loading method based on 3D printing technique, which is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
Step (1) calculates the size of crustal stress in different structure face in practical geotechnical engineering, by scaled down ground style, leads to
It crosses numerical simulation software ANSYS and simulates magnetic field intensity, the magnetisable material being in electromagnetic field receives the effect in magnetic field, to produce
A raw body force;The size of this body force is related with the quality of magnetisable material and magnetic field intensity, according to electromagnetic principles meter
The magnetic material mass at each structural plane is calculated, builds the threedimensional model of test specimen to be prepared, and the threedimensional model is input to
In 3D printer;
Printed material used in step (2) 3D printer is the magnetisable material of the mass substitutions such as incorporation, and magnetisable material includes iron
Powder, nickel powder print the magnetisable material of different quality in the different location of test specimen by 3D printing, so as to simulate nature
The variation of crustal stress caused by different structure face in environment obtains the practical geotechnical engineering test specimen of scaled down;
When step (3) test specimen makes, a nozzle printing class rock-soil material, a nozzle printing magnetisable material waits for that test specimen makes
After the completion, test specimen is put into magnetic field;Magnetisable material is attracted by electromagnet, and generates a gradient body force, and it is real to reach simulation
The purpose of border environment;
Form and the distribution of structural plane can be accurately controlled using 3D printing technique;It can accurately really by numerical simulation software
The size of fixed each mixed magnetisable material of structural plane, the final true crustal stress situation of rock mass realized in simulating natural environment;
In step (1), using three-dimensional drawing software such as Solidworks softwares, the 3-dimensional digital mould of practical geotechnical engineering is built
Type;
It, in advance will be in the magnetisable material incorporation 3D printing material of equal mass substitutions in step (2);To avoid differing because of density of material
Too big caused volume nonuniform deposition, the 3D printing material and magnetisable material of selection have approximate density;
In step (3), the magnetic field that test specimen is put into is the electromagnetic field generated by energization solenoid, can by numerical simulation software
Accurate simulation goes out the size of the magnetic induction intensity of magnetic field everywhere, the distributed mass of the magnetisable material by adjusting test specimen each position,
So as to accurately simulate the variation of the crustal stress in true environment;It being capable of accurate judgement by the inductor being preset in test block
The size of super gravity field, and then continue to increase magnetic induction intensity by enhancing the electrical current of electromagnet, and magnetic field line is distributed
It is constant, to achieve the purpose that simulate deep rock mass crustal stress.
2. realize that a kind of volume force gradient based on 3D printing technique of claim 1 the method loads electromagnetism load apparatus,
It is characterized in that, electromagnetism load apparatus is drum-shaped, including diamagnetic outer cover of steel plate (1), saturating magnetic pallet (3), electromagnet (4), exhaust fan
(5) and inductor (6);Test specimen (2) by etc. quality incorporation magnetisable material and be made up of 3D printing, the size of test specimen (2) depends on
In practical geotechnical engineering scaled down ratio;Inductor (6) is embedded in test specimen (2), and test specimen (2) is placed on magnetic pallet (3)
On, electromagnet (4) is placed on the bottom of magnetic pallet (3), and the bottom of electromagnet (4) is equipped with exhaust fan (5);Exhaust fan (5), electricity
Magnet (4), inductor (6) and saturating magnetic pallet (3) are installed on diamagnetic outer cover of steel plate (1).
3. a kind of volume force gradient based on 3D printing technique according to claim 2 loads electromagnetism load apparatus, feature
It is, electromagnet (4) includes outer magnetic pole (12), yoke plate and magnet exciting coil (8);Divide between center of circle magnetic core and outer magnetic pole (12)
It is furnished with magnetic pole in several (11), middle magnetic pole (11) is an annulus, with annular between each middle magnetic pole (11) and middle magnetic pole (11)
Diamagnetic steel plate (6) separates, and iron core (9) is circumferentially disposed, and each iron core (9) one end is welded with yoke plate, the other end and ring
Magnetic pole (11) is by being bolted in shape;Magnet exciting coil (8) there are one being set on each iron core (9), is separated with thermal insulation layer (7) later,
And magnetic direction is identical caused by each magnet exciting coil (8);
It chooses totally ten three iron cores (9), each iron core (9) with yoke plate to be connected, each iron core (9) is circumferentially arranged, excitation wire
It encloses (8) and insulating materials (10) is housed between shell, magnet exciting coil (8) is loaded on diamagnetic with annular after diamagnetic outer cover of steel plate (1)
Plate is by being bolted;
Inductor (6) and electromagnet are connect with power supply respectively, and inductor (6) is connect with controller, controller and power amplifier
Connection, power amplifier are connect with electromagnet.
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Cited By (2)
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CN111896370A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-06 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Geotechnical centrifugal model test device and method based on 3D printing |
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CN111896370A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-06 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Geotechnical centrifugal model test device and method based on 3D printing |
CN111896370B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2023-11-14 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Geotechnical centrifugal model test device and geotechnical centrifugal model test method based on 3D printing |
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