CN108489595A - Laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibrating test method and system - Google Patents
Laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibrating test method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108489595A CN108489595A CN201810228438.3A CN201810228438A CN108489595A CN 108489595 A CN108489595 A CN 108489595A CN 201810228438 A CN201810228438 A CN 201810228438A CN 108489595 A CN108489595 A CN 108489595A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibrating test method and systems, belong to vibration detection technology field, and this method includes：Increase X Y except single lasing light emitter and is oriented to eyeglass；It guides laser to form the circle that pre-set radius is R in the surface scan of testee by controlling eyeglass, obtains circle measuring signal；The circle measuring signal is decomposed into the first velocity of rotation and the second velocity of rotation in the translational velocity and mutually perpendicular direction in laser light incident direction；Based on the translational velocity, first velocity of rotation and second velocity of rotation, the vibration information of the testee is determined.By the scheme of the application the efficiency of vibration detection is improved while reducing equipment cost.
Description
Technical field
At vibration detection technology field more particularly to a kind of non-contact laser doppler vibration measuring
Reason technology.
Background technology
The vibration information of mechanical equipment is commonly used for the operating status of assessment machinery, diagnostic machinery operation troubles or school
The computer simulation model of positive machinery.It is the core for ensureing machine security operation accurately to measure vibration information.The measurement of vibration
Contact and contactless can be divided into.Contact measurement method needs vibrating sensor to be attached to object under test surface, but attached
The quality added often destroys the original vibrational state of testee, influences measurement accuracy.Therefore, contact measurement method is not
It is suitble to measure the vibration of thin-walled, mass objects.Laser doppler vibrometer is to be set in recent years using more non-contact measurement
It is standby, can measure object along the vibration velocity in laser light incident direction, high certainty of measurement, not by the size of testee, temperature,
The limitations such as vibration frequency.
When testing thin-wall curved-surface (such as aircraft engine blade curved surface, vane of wind energy generator curved surface), if can be
The three-dimensional vibrating information that space is obtained in the same testing time, is equivalent to the vibration that three times are obtained within the same time
Time of measuring can be greatly decreased in information, improve accuracy and the computer simulation model calibration of the health status detection of blade
Accuracy.There are two types of the three-dimensional vibrating information that common method obtains space, first method is the acceleration using three-dimensional
Acceleration of the sensor measurement testee in three directions in space.Such method cost is relatively low, the disadvantage is that installation acceleration passes
Sensor can change the surface quality of space curved surface, influence the accuracy measured.Second of method is to use three-dimensional laser Doppler
Vialog.Three lasing light emitters are specifically used, measure the same point of body surface simultaneously from different directions, obtain object table
Measurement point is further decomposed into space three-dimensional speed along the movement velocity of three laser directions on face.The advantages of such method
It is that precision is higher, but three-dimensional laser vialog price is very expensive.
It would therefore be highly desirable to a kind of completely new vibration detection technology.
Invention content
In view of this, a kind of laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibrating test method of offer of the embodiment of the present invention and system, at least portion
The solution problems of the prior art divided.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibrating test methods, including：
Increase X-Y except single lasing light emitter and is oriented to eyeglass；
It guides laser to form the circle that pre-set radius is R in the surface scan of testee by controlling eyeglass, obtains circle
Measuring signal；
The circle measuring signal is decomposed into the translational velocity and mutually perpendicular direction in laser light incident direction
First velocity of rotation and the second velocity of rotation；
Based on the translational velocity, first velocity of rotation and second velocity of rotation, the measured object is determined
The vibration information of body.
A kind of specific implementation according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention, the method further include：
In the upper application sinusoidal excitation of testee, the speed V of test pointz(t) it is expressed as
Vz(t)=Z cos (ω t+ α),
Wherein, Z is the translational motion speed of testee, and ω is driving frequency, and α is the first of testee translational motion
Beginning phase.
A kind of specific implementation according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention, the first velocity of rotation ωiIt is expressed as
ωi=ΘACos (ω t+ β),
Wherein, ΘAFor along the velocity of rotation amplitude of i rotation axis, β is the initial phase of rotational motion.
A kind of specific implementation according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention, the second velocity of rotation ωjIt is expressed as
ωj=ΘBSin (ω t+ β),
Wherein, ΘBFor along the velocity of rotation amplitude of j rotation axis, β is the initial phase of rotational motion.
A kind of specific implementation according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention, the method further include：
Control laser sampling frequency and the scan frequency for being oriented to eyeglass are a to obtain the integer in a scan period
Point, it is ensured that laser measurement surface speed in identical measurement point within each scan period.
A kind of specific implementation according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention, the speed signal V (t) of the testee are expressed as V
(t)=Vz(t)+ωy(t)Rcos(ωAt)+ωx(t)Rsin(ωAt)。
A kind of specific implementation according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention, the method further include：
Spectrum analysis is carried out to collected laser signal, the flat of the testee is obtained by the driving frequency
Dynamic speed.
A kind of specific implementation according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention, the method further include：
Spectrum analysis is carried out to collected laser signal, the scan frequency based on the laser and the driving frequency
Difference, determine first velocity of rotation.
A kind of specific implementation according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention, the method further include：
Spectrum analysis is carried out to collected laser signal, the scan frequency based on the laser and the driving frequency
Sum, determine second velocity of rotation.
Second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibratings to test system, including：
Single lasing light emitter, the single lasing light emitter can emit laser；
X-Y is oriented to eyeglass, and the X-Y is oriented to eyeglass and is set to except the single lasing light emitter；
Controller, the controller is for executing following steps：
It guides laser to form the circle that pre-set radius is R in the surface scan of testee by controlling eyeglass, obtains circle
Measuring signal；
The circle measuring signal is decomposed into the translational velocity and mutually perpendicular direction in laser light incident direction
First velocity of rotation and the second velocity of rotation；
Based on the translational velocity, first velocity of rotation and second velocity of rotation, the measured object is determined
The vibration information of body.
Laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibrating test method and system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, are saving implementation cost
Basis on, quickly object vibration can be detected, improve the detection efficiency of object vibration.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without creative efforts, others are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibrating testing process schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibrating test system structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of schematic diagram that laser is scanned testee provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of multiple laser scanning point schematic diagrames formed on testee surface provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of schematic diagram carrying out spectrum analysis to laser signal provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It will be appreciated that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the institute that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained without creative efforts
There are other embodiments, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibrating test methods, including：
S101 increases X-Y guiding eyeglasses except single lasing light emitter.
It is oriented to eyeglass by increasing X-Y, the laser that can be generated to single lasing light emitter guides, with default
Shape (for example, round).
S102 guides laser to form the circle that pre-set radius is R in the surface scan of testee, obtains by controlling eyeglass
To circle measuring signal.
Specifically, the numerical value of R is smaller, and then ensures to form the minimum circle of radius, in this circle, can ignore tested
The deformation of object approximately thinks that it is only rigid motion to be measured the movement of curved surface.
The circle measuring signal is decomposed into translational velocity and the side of being mutually perpendicular to along laser light incident direction by S103
Upward the first velocity of rotation and the second velocity of rotation.
Obtained circle scanning laser signal is measured, by measured surface along the translational velocity of laser direction and along flat
The axial velocity of rotation composition in face two.By the decomposition to measured signal, it is fast that three-dimensional of the testee in space can be obtained
Degree.Using such measurement method, the three-dimensional vibrating information of multiple points on measured surface is measured successively, can similarly tested
In time, not only measure body surface on measurement point along laser light incident direction translational velocity, it is also possible to obtain these points are in sky
Between on both direction velocity of rotation, for computer simulation model correction and blade injury detection more vibration informations are provided.
S104, be based on the translational velocity, first velocity of rotation and second velocity of rotation, determine described in
The vibration information of testee.
The present invention realizes that (one moves in parallel, two for the space three-dimensional tachometric survey of testee using lasing light emitter
Rotary speed).The movement velocity that common laser Doppler vibrometer is used to measure testee surface along laser light incident direction.
The present invention utilizes a laser doppler vibrometer, additional one group of X-Y eyeglass to be oriented to eyeglass, by controlling eyeglass, guides laser
Go out a minimum circle of radius in the high-velocity scanning of testee surface.In this circle, the deformation of testee can be ignored,
It is approximate think the movement for being measured curved surface be only rigid motion (spatially along the translational motion in three directions and rotary motion,
Six-freedom degree altogether).Obtained circle scanning laser signal is measured, by the translational velocity along laser direction of measured surface
It is formed with along the axial velocity of rotation of plane two.By the decomposition to measured signal, testee can be obtained the three of space
Tie up speed.Using such measurement method, the three-dimensional vibrating information of multiple points on measured surface is measured successively, it can be same
In experimental period, not only measure body surface on measurement point along laser light incident direction translational velocity, it is also possible to obtain these points
The velocity of rotation of both direction spatially provides more vibrations for computer simulation model correction and blade injury detection
Information.
Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, when testee does linear oscillator under sinusoidal excitation, the vibration of measurement point is also one
Sinusoidal signal.The speed of measurement point can be write as
Vz(t)=Z cos (ω t+ α) (1)
Here Z is translational motion speed, and ω is driving frequency, and α is the initial phase of translational motion
It is also a sinusoidal signal in the velocity of rotation of the point, and the frequency of the signal is driving frequency.By dynamics original
Reason can be decomposed into the two main rotation speed of two orthogonal main velocity of rotation ω i and ω j. in the velocity of rotation of the point
The direction of degree is only related with the shape of object and Mass Distribution, the direction of each measurement point be it is spatially fixed (with
Inertial reference system X-Y is compared), and two main velocities of rotation (sinusoidal signal) can be described with following formula
ΘAAnd ΘBRespectively along the velocity of rotation amplitude of i and j rotation axis, β is the initial phase of rotational motion.Rotation
It is unknown quantity that the direction of speed and the differential seat angle of inertial reference system x-y (space is fixed), which are γ γ, and each measurement point
Differential seat angle γ it is all different.
In Fig. 4, the stain on circle indicates the measurement point of laser.In actual measurement, we can be adopted by control
Sample frequency and the scan frequency of eyeglass obtain the integer point in a scan period, it is ensured that laser is in each scan period
The inside measurement surface speed all in identical measurement point.One can also be obtained by carrying out resampling to digital signal
Integer measurement point in period.It is up to tens thousand of conspicuous since the sample frequency of laser depends on the vibration frequency of testee
Hereby, the scan frequency of eyeglass is oriented to usually at 200 hertz or less.Therefore, resampling is carried out to digital signal, not shadow
Ring the precision of the vibration signal measured.
It is assumed that laser (in a scan period), measures on a circumference since in the x-axis marked in figure,
The rotational angular velocity of laser is ω A, then the speed along laser light incident direction of the acquisition at each laser measurement point is by three
Part forms, along the translational velocity Vz (t) in laser light incident direction at circle center point, due to rotation speed at laser measurement point
The translational velocity caused by velocity of rotation ω y (t) at translational velocity caused by degree and laser measurement point.Here due to laser
Sweep radius it is very small derived from the distance between measured surface relative to laser, laser incident angle can be ignored to measuring
Influence caused by precision.Therefore, the speed signal measured can be expressed as
V (t)=Vz(t)+ωy(t)R cos(ωAt)+ωx(t)R sin(ωAt) (3)
Along the velocity of rotation ω of x-y axial directionsxAnd ωyIt can be by coordinate transform from main velocity of rotation ωiAnd ωjPlace obtains,
It brings formula 1,2,4 into formula 3, and using after trigonometric function simplified formula, the speedometer of measurement point can be obtained
Up to formula
As it can be seen that the speed of measurement point includes the translational velocity amplitude (Z) and velocity of rotation amplitude along laser direction
(ΘA, ΘB).It, can be with since sweep radius R can be obtained by measuring by carrying out FFT transform to the laser signal of acquisition
The amplitude and phase of translational velocity and velocity of rotation are easily obtained from the frequency spectrum of laser signal.
Fig. 5 is the frequency spectrum example of laser signal, and the scan frequency of laser is 150Hz, and the driving frequency of testee is
13Hz.According to formula 5, the translational velocity of object can be obtained from the amplitude at 13Hz (ω).Velocity of rotation ΘAandΘB
It can be from ωA- ω (137Hz) and ωAIt is obtained in amplitude at+ω (163Hz).
It should be noted that herein, relational terms such as first and second and the like be used merely to by
One entity or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying these.
There are any actual relationship or orders between entity or operation.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise"
Or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that process, method including a series of elements,
Article or equipment include not only those elements, but also include other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for
Elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or device.In the absence of more restrictions, by sentence " including one
It is a ... " limit element, it is not excluded that there is also in addition in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element
Identical element.
Each embodiment in this specification is all made of relevant mode and describes, identical similar between each embodiment
Just to refer each other for part, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.
Expression or logic and/or step described otherwise above herein in flow charts, for example, being considered
For realizing the order list of the executable instruction of logic function, may be embodied in any computer-readable medium, with
For instruction execution system, device or equipment (system of such as computer based system including processor or other can be from finger
Enable the system for executing system, device or equipment instruction fetch and executing instruction) it uses, or combine these instruction execution systems, device
Or equipment and use.For the purpose of this specification, " computer-readable medium " can any can be included, store, communicating, passing
Broadcast or transmit program makes for instruction execution system, device or equipment or in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, device or equipment
Device.The more specific example (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable medium includes following：With one or more cloth
The electrical connection section (electronic device) of line, portable computer diskette box (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM) are read-only to deposit
Reservoir (ROM), erasable edit read-only storage (EPROM or flash memory), fiber device and portable optic disk
Read-only memory (CDROM).In addition, computer-readable medium can even is that the paper that can print described program on it or its
His suitable medium because can for example by carrying out optical scanner to paper or other media, then into edlin, interpretation or
It is handled with other suitable methods electronically to obtain described program when necessary, is then stored in computer and deposits
In reservoir.
It should be appreciated that each section of the present invention can be realized with hardware, software, firmware or combination thereof.
In the above-described embodiment, multiple steps or method can in memory and by suitably instructing be held with storage
The software or firmware that row system executes are realized.It, and in another embodiment, can for example, if realized with hardware
It is realized with any one of following technology well known in the art or their combination：With for patrolling data-signal realization
The discrete logic for collecting the logic gates of function, the application-specific integrated circuit with suitable combinational logic gate circuit, can compile
Journey gate array (PGA), field programmable gate array (FPGA) etc..
It is understood that term " one " is interpreted as " at least one " or " one or more ", i.e., in one embodiment
In, the quantity of an element can be one, and in a further embodiment, the quantity of the element can be multiple, term
" one " should not be understood as the limitation to quantity.
Although for example the ordinal number of " first ", " second " etc. will be used to describe various assemblies, not limit those herein
Component.The term is only used for distinguishing a component and another component.For example, first assembly can be referred to as the second component, and it is same
Sample, the second component can also be referred to as first assembly, without departing from the introduction of inventive concept.Term as used herein " and/
Or " project listed any for including one or more associations and all combinations.
Term used herein is only used for describing the purpose of various embodiments and is not intended to limit.As used herein,
Singulative is intended to also include plural form, makes an exception unless the context clearly dictates.Will further be understood that term " comprising " and/
Or " having " specifies the feature, number, step, operation, component, element or combinations thereof when being used in this specification
Presence, and be not excluded for one or more of the other feature, number, step, operation, component, element or its group presence or attached
Add.
Term used herein including technical and scientific term has and the normally understood art of those skilled in the art
The identical meaning of language, only if it were not for being defined differently than the term.It should be understood that the term tool limited in usually used dictionary
There is the meaning consistent with the meaning of term in the prior art.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, appoints
What those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in, all
It is covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of the claims
It is accurate.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibrating test method, which is characterized in that including：
Increase X-Y except single lasing light emitter and is oriented to eyeglass；
It guides laser to form the circle that pre-set radius is R in the surface scan of testee by controlling eyeglass, obtains circle measurement
Signal；
The first circle measuring signal is decomposed into the translational velocity and mutually perpendicular direction in laser light incident direction
Velocity of rotation and the second velocity of rotation；
Based on the translational velocity, first velocity of rotation and second velocity of rotation, the testee is determined
Vibration information.
2. test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method further includes：
In the upper application sinusoidal excitation of testee, the speed V of test pointz(t) it is expressed as
Vz(t)=Zcos (ω t+ α),
Wherein, Z is the translational motion speed of testee, and ω is driving frequency, and α is the initial phase of testee translational motion
Position.
3. test method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The first velocity of rotation ωiIt is expressed as
ωi=ΘACos (ω t+ β),
Wherein, ΘAFor along the velocity of rotation amplitude of i rotation axis, β is the initial phase of rotational motion.
4. test method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
The second velocity of rotation ωjIt is expressed as
ωj=ΘBSin (ω t+ β),
Wherein, ΘBFor along the velocity of rotation amplitude of j rotation axis, β is the initial phase of rotational motion.
5. test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method further includes：
Control laser sampling frequency and the scan frequency for being oriented to eyeglass to obtain the integer point in a scan period, really
Protect laser measurement surface speed in identical measurement point within each scan period.
6. test method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：
The speed signal V (t) of the testee is expressed as
V (t)=Vz(t)+ωy(t)R cos(ωAt)+ωx(t)R sin(ωAt)。
7. test method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the method further includes：
Spectrum analysis is carried out to collected laser signal, the translation speed of the testee is obtained by the driving frequency
Degree.
8. test method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the method further includes：
Spectrum analysis, the difference of scan frequency and the driving frequency based on the laser are carried out to collected laser signal
Value, determines first velocity of rotation.
9. test method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the method further includes：
Spectrum analysis carried out to collected laser signal, scan frequency based on the laser and the driving frequency and,
Determine second velocity of rotation.
10. a kind of laser-Doppler three-dimensional vibrating tests system, which is characterized in that including：
Single lasing light emitter, the single lasing light emitter can emit laser；
X-Y is oriented to eyeglass, and the X-Y is oriented to eyeglass and is set to except the single lasing light emitter；
Controller, the controller is for executing following steps：
It guides laser to form the circle that pre-set radius is R in the surface scan of testee by controlling eyeglass, obtains circle measurement
Signal；
The first circle measuring signal is decomposed into the translational velocity and mutually perpendicular direction in laser light incident direction
Velocity of rotation and the second velocity of rotation；
Based on the translational velocity, first velocity of rotation and second velocity of rotation, the testee is determined
Vibration information.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113008990A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-22 | 清华大学 | Non-contact nondestructive testing system and method for steel-concrete immersed tube tunnel |
| CZ309436B6 (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2023-01-11 | České vysoké učení technické v Praze | Device for measuring the vibrations of a moving object |
| CN116147700A (en) * | 2023-01-28 | 2023-05-23 | 南京凯奥思数据技术有限公司 | Roller press fault identification method and device and electronic equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113008990A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-22 | 清华大学 | Non-contact nondestructive testing system and method for steel-concrete immersed tube tunnel |
| CZ309436B6 (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2023-01-11 | České vysoké učení technické v Praze | Device for measuring the vibrations of a moving object |
| CN116147700A (en) * | 2023-01-28 | 2023-05-23 | 南京凯奥思数据技术有限公司 | Roller press fault identification method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN116147700B (en) * | 2023-01-28 | 2023-09-22 | 长三角信息智能创新研究院 | Roller press fault identification method and device and electronic equipment |
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Application publication date: 20180904 |