CN108484465B - A kind of method that recyclable aqueous two-phase extracts astaxanthin from haematococcus pluvialis - Google Patents
A kind of method that recyclable aqueous two-phase extracts astaxanthin from haematococcus pluvialis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
It is main to be stripped and astaxanthin is made by the broken of haematococcus pluvialis, ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system extraction and organic reagent the present invention relates to a kind of method that recyclable aqueous two-phase extracts astaxanthin from haematococcus pluvialis.The present invention is stripped and astaxanthin is made by using the environmentally protective ionic liquid that can be recycled/Aqueous Surfactant Two system extraction and organic reagent; avoid the drawbacks such as traditional extraction technology activity is low, yield is low; extraction process is simple, at low cost, reaction condition is mild, the astaxanthin finished product suitable for intermittent and large-scale production processing high activity, high yield.It include free astaxanthin and a small amount of surfactant Triton X-100 in astaxanthin produced by the present invention, the combination of the two plays synergistic effect so that astaxanthin oxidation resistance with higher and stability, are conducive to the commercialization of natural astaxanthin.
Description
Technical field
It is red from rain life that the present invention relates to algae functional component extraction fields more particularly to a kind of recyclable aqueous two-phase
The method of astaxanthin is extracted in ball algae.
Background technique
Astaxanthin molecular formula is C40H52O4, 3,3 '-dihydroxy -4 of chemical name, 4 '-diketo-β, β '-carrotene,
There is carbonyl and hydroxyl in end-rings, it is made to have more active electronic effect, electronics or suction can be provided to free radical
Draw free radical, can finally dispose free radical, therefore it has very high antioxidant activity, referred to as " super antioxidant ".
Initial stage, astaxanthin are only used as the colorant and additive of aquiculture animal (shrimp crab, rainbow trout fish etc.).Recently, the world
To natural astaxanthin, in the research of human health application aspect and demand, (i.e. astaxanthin is as human health care's product and medicine in range
Object) all there is explosive growth.The clinician of Japan makees even with the astaxanthin extracted from microalgae haematococcus pluvialis
For conventional medicine is resistant to or cannot be taken due to serious symptoms other drugs patient additional replenishers.Astaxanthin
As the research hotspot of the industries such as cosmetics, or even it can be used for the natural photosensitizer of solar battery.
Currently, the extraction of natural astaxanthin separates, mainly using haematococcus pluvialis as best source.Due to haematococcus pluvialis
Akinete there is tough and tensile cell wall, if directly using will lead to the reduction of its bioavailability, thus in astaxanthin
The broken wall treatment of spore state cell must be first carried out before extraction.Using Mechanical Crushing, freeze thawing, grinding, enzymatic treatment, alkali process, acid
The pre-treating methods such as processing can pre-process haematococcus pluvialis.Natural astaxanthin is extracted from haematococcus pluvialis to be used
Organic solvent extraction, microwave method, superelevation platen press, enzyme process, supercritical CO2Fluids extraction, Vacuum cavitation, supercritical ultrasonics technology,
Cryogrinding extraction and alkaline extraction etc..Generally speaking, the recovery rate of astaxanthin and wall-breaking method, the close phase of extracting method
It closes.Therefore, select suitable wall-breaking method and extracting method at low cost, easy to operate and high recovery rate to natural astaxanthin
Industrialization production is most important.
Ionic liquid is in room temperature or to approach at room temperature with organic fuse salt existing for liquid condition, is to send out rapidly in recent years
The a kind of of exhibition can replace traditional toxic, volatile organic solvent green solvent, can be used for developing more environmentally friendly bio-separation
Process flow.Ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system coupled ion liquid and Aqueous Surfactant Two system it is excellent
Point, the not only analysis of variance that divides mild with extraction conditions, can be used for biomolecule, selectivity is good, dosage of surfactant is small,
The advantages that ionic liquid can be recycled, at the same keep biological substance activity and in terms of have apparent technology excellent
Gesture.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of recyclable aqueous two-phases, and astaxanthin is extracted from haematococcus pluvialis
Method, the deficiency of separation purifying technique, expensive when solving existing production of astaxanthin, and activity, purity and stability are all non-
The problems such as often low.
In order to achieve the above purpose, it adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of method that recyclable aqueous two-phase extracts astaxanthin from haematococcus pluvialis mainly includes following step
It is rapid:
(1) haematococcus pluvialis algae powder is soluble in water, it is crushed instrument ultrasonic disruption in ice bath environment with ultrasonic wave tissue,
Then low-temperature centrifugation, the supernatant for obtaining astaxanthin-containing are kept in dark place under the conditions of -4 DEG C;Above-mentioned steps are repeated as many times;
(2) by supernatant, surfactant Triton X-100 obtained by step (1), SDS (lauryl sodium sulfate),
90% [Emim] Cl (chlorination 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazole, main phase composition ingredient) solution, ultrapure water are configured to ion together
Liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system mixes, and stands after complete split-phase, takes out phase up and down respectively;Measure upper and lower phase
Absorbance value at 478nm;
(3) by the lower ethyl acetate for being mutually 1:1 with volume ratio obtained by step (2): alcohol mixed solvent mixes in equal volume, will
Astaxanthin is stripped from lower phase and comes out, and after obtained sample rotates is evaporated whole organic solvents, obtains astaxanthin.
The present invention passes through the broken of haematococcus pluvialis, ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system extraction and organic examination
Agent, which is stripped, is made astaxanthin, includes free astaxanthin and a small amount of surfactant Triton X-100 in astaxanthin, the two
It acts synergistically in conjunction with rising so that astaxanthin oxidation resistance with higher.
Under room temperature, the solubility ratio Triton X-114 of Triton X-100 is big, is more likely formed aqueous two-phase.The present invention extracts
Method is milder, and TritonX-100 easily forms micelle, has solubilization, meeting is in conjunction with astaxanthin, but phase under aqueous two-phase
TritonX-100 content is considerably less, and astaxanthin activity can be improved in a small amount of TritonX-100.SDS dodecyl sulphate
Sodium can play the role of stable aqueous two-phase.The 90% main phase composition ingredient of [Emim] Cl chlorination 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazole.
Haematococcus pluvialis algae powder is best by solid-liquid ratio 20mg:10mL water proportion.Step (1) duplicate number is 2 suboptimums.
The distribution coefficient (concentration ratio of the target product in phase up and down) that double-aqueous phase system reuses three sub-distribution astaxanthins is 0.028-
0.056, the rate of recovery the ratio between (target product the concentration of lower phase and the concentration of phase up and down and) reused three times is 94.7%-
97.3%.
Further, supernatant described in step (2), surfactant Triton X-100, the SDS and described
90% [Emim] Cl solution weight ratio is (4-6): (2.4-3.4): (0.18): (10.446-12.246).In this ratio
When formed double-aqueous phase system holds at normal temperature be not easy split-phase and its stability height.
Further, the ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system is 1.0- compared to (upper and lower phase volume ratio)
1.4。
Further, step (1) the ultrasonic disruption time is 10min;The low-temperature centrifugation is low in 8000r/min
4 DEG C of centrifugation 15min of temperature;All operations of step (1) are both needed to be protected from light operation.
Further, the temperature of step (3) described rotary evaporation is 50 DEG C.
A kind of astaxanthin that the above method extracts, comprising free astaxanthin and surfactant Triton X-100, wherein
The content of surfactant Triton X-100 is about 1.6mg/g.Astaxanthin of the invention is in dark red oil, the rate of recovery, pure
It spends higher.Astaxanthin common at present is unstable under the conditions ofs illumination, aerobic, high temperature etc., and the present invention is through ionic liquid/surface
The isolated astaxanthin stability of activating agent double-aqueous phase system is preferable, oxidation resistance increases substantially.
Utilize the above-mentioned astaxanthin of UV-vis and HPLC method analysis detection.Utilize kit measurement total antioxidant capacity (T-
AOC).The retention time of the astaxanthin and standard astaxanthin are almost the same, and purity is up to 67.1%.Total antioxygen of the astaxanthin
Change ability (it is horizontal to constitute total antioxidation for various antioxidant and antioxidase etc. in measure object) is 2.22U/mL, the mark
The total antioxidant capacity of quasi- astaxanthin is 1.85U/mL.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by using the environmentally protective ionic liquid/surfactant that can be recycled
Double-aqueous phase system extraction and organic reagent, which are stripped, is made astaxanthin, avoids the disadvantages such as traditional extraction technology activity is low, yield is low
End, extraction process is simple, at low cost, reaction condition is mild, is suitable for intermittent and large-scale production and processes high activity, high yield
Astaxanthin finished product.In astaxanthin produced by the present invention include free astaxanthin and a small amount of surfactant Triton X-100,
The combination of the two plays synergistic effect so that astaxanthin oxidation resistance with higher and stability, are conducive to natural astaxanthin
Commercialization.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Astaxanthin extraction process flow chart of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the back extraction schematic diagram of lower phase after aqueous two-phase distribution in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system phasor in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the back extraction reagent Selective type figure of lower phase after aqueous two-phase distribution in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the selection figure for carrying out back extraction reagent dosage;
Fig. 6 is the astaxanthin figure that the present invention obtains;
Fig. 7 is the astaxanthin distribution coefficient and the rate of recovery of three sub-distribution astaxanthin-containing supernatant of double-aqueous phase system of the present invention
Figure;
Fig. 8 is the HPLC figure of standard astaxanthin of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the HPLC figure for the astaxanthin that the present invention extracts;
Figure 10 is that the total antioxidant capacity for the astaxanthin that the present invention extracts compares figure.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made into one below in conjunction with attached drawing
Step ground detailed description.
Embodiment 1
Haematococcus pluvialis algae powder is crushed
Precise algae powder 20mg, is placed in 15mL centrifuge tube.Ultrapure water 10mL is added into centrifuge tube, by ultrasonic wave group
It knits broken instrument and is set as (the total time: 10min, ultrasonic 1.5s/ interval 2s, ultrasonic frequency 40%, adjusting ultrasonic probe of mode 3
The same position under liquid level), the ultrasonic disruption in ice bath environment, time 10min.Liquid after processed is in 8000r/min
4 DEG C of centrifugation 15min of low temperature, take supernatant, it are kept in dark place under the conditions of -4 DEG C.Above experimental procedure is repeated 2~3
It is secondary, until milky is presented in the cell precipitate in centrifuge tube.
Embodiment 2
Ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system extracts astaxanthin
50mL centrifuge tube is taken, Triton X-100 2.4g, SDS 0.18g, 90% [Emim] Cl solution is added
11.61g, astaxanthin-containing supernatant 6g, ultrapure water 9.81g are configured to 30g double-aqueous phase system.After mixing 10min at room temperature,
Aqueous two-phase is put into thermostat water bath, is stood after complete split-phase under the conditions of 25 DEG C, takes out phase up and down, phase in measurement respectively
With the absorbance value of lower phase.
Embodiment 3
Organic solvent back extraction
It is separately added into isometric methanol, ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol
In lower phase after to separation, astaxanthin back extraction is carried out.Can the organic reagent that observation is added be stripped astaxanthin from lower phase
Out, the immiscible two-phase of liquid-liquid is formed, it is a kind of relatively suitable then to select from safety, chemical property and cost etc.
Strippant, then carry out be added volume ratio experiment, finally obtained sample rotate at 50 DEG C vapor away whole it is organic
After solvent, astaxanthin is obtained.
From the back extraction reagent Selective type of lower phase after the distribution of the aqueous two-phase of Fig. 4 the results show that n-butanol, chloroform,
Astaxanthin in lower phase can be stripped to organic reagent phase by ethyl acetate, acetone.Comprehensively consider safety, chemical property and at
This etc., selects ethyl acetate for relatively suitable strippant.Fig. 5 is the experiment knot of the stripping solvent dosage of astaxanthin
Fruit figure, table 1 are the light absorption value measurement results of lower phase astaxanthin back extraction front and back, work as ethyl acetate: alcohol mixed solvent volume ratio
When mixing for 1:1 with lower equal volume, lower mutually remaining astaxanthin is minimum, namely back extraction effect is best, therefore selects acetic acid
Ethyl ester: alcohol mixed solvent volume ratio 1:1 is astaxanthin stripping solvent.Fig. 6 is the astaxanthin figure that the present invention obtains, astaxanthin
In dark red oil, the rate of recovery, purity are higher.
The concentration mensuration (UV-vis) of 1 astaxanthin of table back extraction front and back
Embodiment 4
It is mutually recycled up and down after aqueous two-phase distribution
After the first sub-distribution of aqueous two-phase, upper and lower phase is taken out, measures the absorbance value of upper and lower phase.Lower phase is in equal volume
Organic reagent back extraction after, isolate lower phase, at 50 DEG C rotation vapor away whole organic solvents.It will mix up and down, then
In addition clear liquid 4g, Triton X-100 1g, 90% [Emim] Cl solution 2g, make the level compared to recovery to first time.
After the second sub-distribution of aqueous two-phase, upper and lower phase is taken out, measures the absorbance value of upper and lower phase.Lower phase is in equal volume
Organic reagent back extraction after, isolate lower phase, at 50 DEG C rotation vapor away whole organic solvents.It will mix up and down, then
In addition clear liquid 4g, Triton X-100 1g, 90% [Emim] Cl solution 2g, lower phase, which slightly has, to be reduced.Upper and lower phase is taken out, in measurement
The absorbance value of phase and lower phase.
Fig. 7 illustrates point of three sub-distribution astaxanthin-containing supernatant of same ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system
Distribution coefficient and the rate of recovery, ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system astaxanthin almost all distribution is in lower phase, aqueous two-phase body
The distribution coefficient of system's three sub-distribution astaxanthins of recycling is 0.028-0.056, reuses the rate of recovery (target product three times
The concentration of lower phase and the concentration of phase up and down and the ratio between) be 94.7%-97.3%, extract the rate of recovery basic one of astaxanthin three times
It causes.Illustrate that ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system is highly suitable for the extraction of astaxanthin.
Following detection is done according to the astaxanthin that embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and 3 embodiment of embodiment, 4 the method are extracted.
One, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measures astaxanthin extract ingredient
HPLC liquid-phase chromatographic analysis: by obtained astaxanthin with after 5 times of methanol dilution, taking 0.5mL organic using 0.22 μm
It is membrane filtration, then carries out HPLC detection.Testing conditions: mobile phase (methanol: water=95:5), flow velocity: 1mL/min.Setting
Wavelength 478nm, detector: diode array detector.30 DEG C of column temperature, chromatographic column ZORBAX C18 (2.1 × 100mm).Every time
Sample volume is 5 μ L.
As shown in figure 8, the retention time of astaxanthin and standard astaxanthin are almost the same, it was demonstrated that there is shrimp in extract really
Green element.Map has miscellaneous peak before 3min, illustrates that surfactant Triton X-100, surfactant Triton are contained in the inside
X-100 easily forms micelle in water, and easily in conjunction with hydrophobic astaxanthin, the present invention is only by simple back extraction shrimp blueness
Element is stripped from lower phase and comes out, so finally obtained astaxanthin should contain surfactant.Triton X- is obtained through measurement
100 content is about 1.6mg/g.Standard astaxanthin standard purity is 96.5%, through ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two body
The astaxanthin purity obtained after system's distribution is 67.1%, and the inside includes that free astaxanthin, astaxanthin analog and a small amount of surface are living
Property agent Triton X-100.Wherein astaxanthin analog may be astaxanthin ester or astacin, because natural astaxanthin is with shrimp
Green element ester-formin is there are more stable, and another aspect natural astaxanthin is easily oxidized to astacin, and the antioxidant activity of the two does not all have
There is natural astaxanthin height.Illustrate the astaxanthin that this method can be used in initial gross separation haematococcus pluvialis.
Two, the measurement of astaxanthin total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)
Principle: under acidic environment, substance restores Fe3+Three azine (Fe of-three pyridines3+- TPTZ) generate blue Fe2+-
The ability of TPTZ reflects its total antioxidant capacity.
The measurement of total antioxidant capacity operates table in 2 liquid sample of table
Vortex vortex mixer mixes well, and places 10 minutes, distilled water zeroing, 1cm optical path, and the extinction of each pipe is surveyed at 520nm
Degree.
Definition: at 37 DEG C, every milliliter of extracting solution per minute increases the light absorption value of reaction system by 0.01 1 T-AOC
Unit (U), is expressed as U/mL.
In formula: ODMeasured value、ODControl valueRespectively measurement pipe, absorbance value of the control tube at 520nm, 30 be the reaction time
30 minutes, VAlwaysFor reaction solution total amount, VSampleFor sampling amount, n is extension rate before test sample.
The astaxanthin crude product concentration obtained after ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system distribution is 116 μ g/mL,
From the comparison of Fig. 9 astaxanthin total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) it is found that astaxanthin crude product total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) is
2.22U/mL illustrates higher than total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) 1.85U/mL of the standard astaxanthin of same concentrations through ionic liquid
The astaxanthin increased activity that body/Aqueous Surfactant Two system is distributed.Due to including in astaxanthin produced by the present invention
The combination of free astaxanthin and a small amount of surfactant Triton X-100, the two play synergistic effect so that astaxanthin is with higher
Oxidation resistance.
Three, astaxanthin stability
During the experiment, it is placed several days and will be shoaled with the solution colour that astaxanthin standard items are prepared using discovery, and
It is substantially unchanged that the astaxanthin crude product that my present invention extracts places several days colors, and content astaxanthin variation is also very small.Thus may be used
See that the stability of astaxanthin of the present invention significantly improves.
Above disclosed is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, cannot limit the power of the present invention with this certainly
Sharp range, therefore equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention, are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method that recyclable aqueous two-phase extracts astaxanthin from haematococcus pluvialis, which is characterized in that main packet
Include following steps:
(1) haematococcus pluvialis algae powder is soluble in water, it is crushed instrument ultrasonic disruption in ice bath environment with ultrasonic wave tissue, then
4 DEG C of low temperature centrifugations, the supernatant for obtaining astaxanthin-containing are kept in dark place under the conditions of -4 DEG C;Above-mentioned steps are repeated as many times;
(2) by supernatant, surfactant Triton X-100 obtained by step (1), SDS, 90% [Emim] Cl solution, ultrapure
Water is configured to ionic liquid/Aqueous Surfactant Two system together, mixes, and stands after complete split-phase, takes out respectively up and down
Phase, upper phase recycling are to be utilized;
(3) by the lower ethyl acetate for being mutually 1:1 with volume ratio obtained by step (2): alcohol mixed solvent mixes in equal volume, by shrimp blueness
Element is stripped from lower phase and comes out, and lower phase recycling is to be utilized, after obtained sample rotates is evaporated whole organic solvents, obtains shrimp
Green element;
Wherein supernatant described in step (2), surfactant Triton X-100, the SDS and described 90%
[Emim] Cl solution weight ratio is (4-6): (2.4-3.4): (0.18): (10.446-12.246).
2. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) the ultrasonic disruption time is 10min;Low temperature
Centrifugation is that 8000r/min is centrifuged 15min;All operations of step (1) are both needed to be protected from light operation.
3. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature of step (3) described rotary evaporation is 50 DEG C.
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