CN108480859B - Cutting method of wide multifunctional laser machine - Google Patents
Cutting method of wide multifunctional laser machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN108480859B CN108480859B CN201810296231.XA CN201810296231A CN108480859B CN 108480859 B CN108480859 B CN 108480859B CN 201810296231 A CN201810296231 A CN 201810296231A CN 108480859 B CN108480859 B CN 108480859B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting method of a wide multifunctional laser machine, which comprises the steps of graph analysis, graph extraction, graph segmentation and graph restoration, wherein a CAD pattern input into a control system is segmented according to the working range of a laser head, and under the condition of setting a plurality of laser heads, segmented CAD files are sent into the laser heads according to the serial number sequence for printing, namely, a graph printed by each marking head is a part of the original CAD pattern, so that the printing mode can ensure that the processing range of the CAD pattern is not influenced by the processing range of the laser heads, the processing width is only influenced by the width of the laser machine, the processing length is not limited under the condition of continuous feeding, the processing efficiency is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the theoretical processing range of the CAD pattern is expanded to infinite length and infinite width.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser machine processing, in particular to a cutting method of a wide multifunctional laser machine.
Background
At present, the toy industry and the clothing industry have two types of baiting, one type is baiting of a forming knife, the baiting efficiency of the forming knife is high, one type of cutter is needed, the manufacturing period of the forming knife is long, and the cost is high; and secondly, laser blanking, namely single laser beam blanking, needs two motors of an X axis and a Y axis to drive laser beams to move out of the shape of a discharge diagram, and cannot be too fast.
The laser processing equipment generally comprises at least one group of laser heads, an X-axis driving device and a Y-axis driving device, wherein each laser head is a vibrating mirror scanning type laser head and mainly comprises an XY scanning mirror, a field lens, a vibrating mirror, computer-controlled marking software and the like, the working principle is that a laser beam is incident on two reflecting mirrors (scanning mirrors), the reflecting angles of the reflecting mirrors are controlled by a computer, the two reflecting mirrors can respectively scan along X, Y axes, so that the deflection of the laser beam is achieved, a laser focus point with certain power density moves on a marking material according to the required requirement, and a permanent mark is left on the surface of the material. The laser head can process a certain breadth without moving, but due to the limitation of precision, the maximum achievable processing range of a single laser head of the laser marking cutting machine at home and abroad is 600mm by 600mm, so that the processing of a plurality of large breadth patterns is difficult to realize, the requirement of the laser head with a large processing range on the precision is higher, and the manufacturing cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the cutting method of the wide multifunctional laser machine can break through the limit of the processing range of the laser head.
In order to solve the problems, the cutting method of the broad width multifunctional laser machine comprises the following steps:
a. and (3) graphic analysis: analyzing the input CAD pattern, respectively determining the limit value of an X axis and the limit value of a Y axis, and establishing a rectangular mother figure block taking the limit value of the X axis and the limit value of the Y axis as boundaries;
b. and (3) drawing the pattern: extracting graphic elements from the mother graphic blocks in the steps, and establishing a mathematical model for the graphic elements;
c. and (3) pattern segmentation: establishing a cutting frame in the working range of the laser head, dividing the graphic element according to the mathematical model in the step to form a plurality of rectangular sub-graphic blocks, and naming the sub-graphic blocks according to the position information of the sub-graphic blocks;
d. and (3) pattern reduction: restoring the sub-graph blocks in the steps one by one into independent CAD files, wherein the file name of each CAD file corresponds to the name of the sub-graph block;
e. and sending the CAD files to a laser head one by one according to the naming sequence for printing.
In order to facilitate sending the CAD file to a laser head when the laser head is arranged, the laser head is a galvanometer scanning type marking head, and the laser machine is provided with the galvanometer scanning type marking head;
step e, the CAD files are sent to the laser head one by one according to the naming sequence, and when the laser head finishes the commandIs named as (X)m，Ym) CAD file of (2) is then executed named (X)m，Ym+1) When the CAD file is processed, the laser head moves a working distance of the laser head corresponding to the Y axis on a processing Y axis of the laser machine corresponding to the Y axis of the CAD file; when the laser head finishes the execution of the name (X)m，Ym) CAD cultural post-execution of (X)m+1，Ym) And when the laser head moves the working distance of one laser head corresponding to the X axis on the machining X axis corresponding to the X axis of the CAD file on the laser machine.
In order to improve the processing efficiency of the laser head, the laser head is a galvanometer scanning marking head, t galvanometer scanning marking heads are arranged on the laser machine, wherein t is greater than 1, and the t galvanometer scanning marking heads are distributed in an arrangement manner along a processing Y axis on the laser machine corresponding to the Y axis of a CAD graph;
in the step e, after each laser head executes a command, the CAD files are respectively sent to each laser head one by one according to the naming sequence, and the currently processed name (X) is assumedm，Ym) The CAD file of (2) is named (X) when the laser head executesm，Ym) After the CAD file(s) and moving along the Y-axis, a designation (X) is sent to the laser headm，Ym+t) All the laser heads move t laser heads on a processing Y axis corresponding to the Y axis of the CAD file on the laser machine by working distances corresponding to the Y axis; suppose that the currently processed name is (X)m，Ym) The CAD file of (2) is named (X) when the laser head executesm，Ym) After the CAD file(s) and moving along the X-axis, a designation (X) is sent to the laser headm+1，Ym) And all the laser heads move the working distance of one laser head corresponding to the X axis on the laser machine corresponding to the X axis of the CAD file.
In order to make the motion track of the laser heads more reasonable and improve the processing efficiency, the invention sets the arrangement direction of the laser heads as rows and the arrangement direction vertical to the laser heads as columns, the motion track of the laser heads advances from the head end of the first row to the tail end of the first row, then moves to the second row, advances from the tail end of the second row to the head end of the second row, and the motion steps are sequentially repeated.
In order to facilitate the processing of the residual sub-graphic blocks when the number of the sub-graphic blocks of the CAD image on the Y axis is not integral multiple of the number of the laser heads, when the laser heads process from the head end of a row to the tail end of the row, the number k of the residual non-operating CAD files of the row is calculated when the laser heads finish each cutting command, when k is larger than or equal to t, all the laser heads move t laser heads to the non-processing direction of the row by the working distance corresponding to the Y axis, when k is smaller than t, all the laser heads move k laser heads to the non-processing direction by the working distance corresponding to the Y axis, and the residual non-processing CAD files are sent to the p = t-k laser heads counted from one end far away from the non-processing direction.
In order to reduce the excess material of the joint and the waste of the cloth when the CAD pattern is circularly processed on the cloth, the invention also comprises the step of circularly jointing: the length direction of the processed cloth is vertical to the arrangement direction of the laser heads, and the step of cyclic seaming comprises the following substeps:
f1, calculating the number d of the sub-graph blocks divided on the X axis by the CAD pattern, wherein the X axis of the CAD pattern is parallel to the length direction of the cloth, and the working length of the laser head on the X axis is set as a;
f2, calculating the working range Lm = d × a of the laser head in the X-axis direction;
f3, calculating the difference s = Lm-Lx between the working range of the laser head and the length Lx of the CAD image on the X axis;
f4, determining the length of the laser head movement at the seam as Lr = a-s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the CAD pattern input into the control system is divided according to the working range of the galvanometer scanning marking head, and under the condition of setting a plurality of laser heads, the divided CAD file is sent into the laser heads to be printed according to the serial number sequence, namely, the graph printed by each marking head is a part of the original CAD pattern, so that the printing mode can ensure that the processing range of the CAD pattern is not influenced by the processing range of the laser heads, the processing width is only influenced by the width of the laser machine, the processing length is not limited under the condition of continuous feeding, and the theoretical processing range of the CAD pattern is expanded to infinite length and infinite width while the processing efficiency is greatly improved. And when selecting the laser head, can select the laser head that the processing scope is less relatively, the laser head that is less reduces on efficiency with great laser head relatively, but the manufacturing cost that can great saving.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state where a plurality of laser heads of the present invention are operated to process Y-axis edges;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a state in which the circular seaming step is not being performed;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a state in which the circular seaming step is performed.
Detailed Description
Example one
The main component structure of broad width multifunctional laser machine is the laser head, work platform, the drive laser head is for work platform along the first drive arrangement of processing X axle motion and the second drive arrangement of drive laser head for work platform along processing Y axle motion, it has two kinds of setting modes to the more common of different processing materials among the prior art, one kind is the processing of needle to soft materials such as cloth art leather, work platform sets the circulation conveying guipure, be provided with the crossbeam on the conveying guipure, the laser head slides on the crossbeam, conveying guipure's direction of motion is defined for processing X axle, the gliding direction of laser head on the crossbeam is for processing Y axle. The other method is to process a metal or nonmetal hard plate, a cross beam is arranged on a working platform and can slide along the length direction of the working platform, the sliding direction of the cross beam is a processing X axis, and the sliding direction of a laser head on the cross beam is a processing Y axis.
The laser head described in this embodiment is a galvanometer scanning marking head, and the description of the cutting method in this embodiment is given by processing soft materials such as cloth leather and setting up a galvanometer scanning marking head, and specifically includes the following steps as shown in fig. 1:
a. and (3) graphic analysis: analyzing the input CAD pattern, respectively determining the limit value of an X axis and the limit value of a Y axis, and establishing a rectangular mother figure block taking the limit value of the X axis and the limit value of the Y axis as boundaries; the method comprises the steps of inputting a blanking plate drawing into a control system through a computer or external equipment, analyzing, processing and identifying the CAD drawing in the prior art, analyzing the input CAD drawing by the control system, finding out a maximum value coordinate point and a minimum value coordinate point on an X axis in the CAD drawing, a maximum value coordinate point and a minimum value coordinate point on a Y axis, drawing a straight line which passes through the coordinate points and is parallel to corresponding coordinate axes, enclosing a rectangle to form a model drawing block, wherein the X axis of the CAD drawing corresponds to a processing X axis of a laser machine, namely corresponds to the running direction of a conveying net belt, and the Y axis of the CAD drawing corresponds to a processing Y axis of the laser machine, namely corresponds to the moving direction of a laser head on a cross beam.
b. And (3) drawing the pattern: extracting graphic elements from the mother graphic blocks in the steps, and establishing a mathematical model for the graphic elements; the control system extracts the valid graphic elements from the parent graphic block and converts the elements into a mathematical model expressed by a mathematical formula for the next step of graphic segmentation.
c. And (3) pattern segmentation: establishing a cutting frame in the working range of the laser head, dividing the graphic element according to the mathematical model in the step to form a plurality of rectangular sub-graphic blocks, and naming the sub-graphic blocks according to the position information of the sub-graphic blocks; generally, the working range of a single laser head is square, the working range of the laser head is a, a square cutting frame is built by a, the cutting is performed one by one from one end of a rectangular mother figure block, namely, the cutting frames are arranged in a row and are tightly arranged in the range of the rectangular mother figure block, the control system processes the cutting by the mathematical model of the step, the range value of the variable in the mathematical formula is calculated by calculating the intersection point of the cutting frame and the mathematical model, and the segmentation of the mathematical formula can be completed. Named for the position of each sub-graphic block, the first row is (X)1，Y1）、（X1，Y2）…（X1，Yn) The second row is (X)2，Y1）、（X2，Y2）…（X2，Yn) And so on.
d. And (3) pattern reduction: restoring the sub-graph blocks in the steps one by one into independent CAD files, wherein the file name of each CAD file corresponds to the name of the sub-graph block; and converting the mathematical model in each sub-graph block into a two-dimensional CAD graph which can be identified by a laser machine.
e. And sending the CAD files to a laser head one by one according to the naming sequence for printing. Because only one laser head exists, the control system sends one sub-pattern block by the laser head each time, when one sub-pattern block is processed, the laser head moves the processing distance of one laser head along the beam to the unprocessed direction, namely the laser head moves the distance a in the processing Y-axis direction, when a whole row is processed, the conveying net belt moves the processing distance of one laser head, namely the laser head moves the distance a in the X-axis direction relative to the conveying net belt, then the sub-pattern blocks of a second row are processed, the walking track of the laser head is S-shaped, the last row is processed from the head to the tail, and when the last row is processed and moved to the next row, the tail is processed to the head, so that the track avoids the laser head doing useless work, and the processing efficiency of the laser head is increased.
Example two
The main difference of this embodiment from the first embodiment is that a plurality of laser heads are disposed on the beam, for convenience of understanding and description, the present embodiment employs four laser heads, and the four laser heads are numbered as number 1, number 2, number 3 and number 4, respectively, and the cutting method differs from the first embodiment mainly in that in step e, due to the presence of the four laser heads, the control system sends corresponding sub-pattern blocks to each laser head, for example, when the first row is processed, the name (X) is sent to laser head number 11，Y1) Sending the sub-graph block named (X) to the laser head No. 21，Y2) Sending the sub-graph block named (X) to the laser head No. 31，Y3) Sending the sub-graph block named (X) to the laser head No. 41，Y4) When all the laser heads print the corresponding graphic block content, all the laser heads move the working distance of four laser heads to the unprinted direction, namely all the laser heads move by a distance 4a on the processing Y axis, the laser heads at the end part move to an unprocessed area, the control system sends the corresponding sub-graphic block to the laser heads, after the last row is processed, the conveying net belt moves by the processing distance of one laser head, namely the laser heads move by a distance a relative to the conveying net belt, the moving track of the laser heads is S-shaped, and the processing efficiency of the laser heads can be improved.
However, the number of the sub-pattern blocks in each row is not necessarily in a multiple relation with the number of the laser heads, when the sub-pattern blocks are machined from one end to the other end, if the number of the remaining unprocessed sub-pattern blocks is smaller than that of the laser heads, all the laser heads move towards the unprocessed direction by the machining distance of the laser heads which is the same as the number of the remaining sub-pattern blocks, namely 3 sub-pattern blocks are remained and unprocessed when the edges of the pattern are machined, the laser heads move towards the unprocessed direction along the beam by the machining distance of 3 laser heads, namely the laser heads move on the Y axis by the distance of 3a, and the control system sends a name to the laser head No. 2 (X is used for the printing position), wherein the name is given by the control system (X is used for the laser heads No. 2) (the number is corresponding to three laser headsn，Yn-2) Sending a designation (X) to laser head No. 3n，Yn-1) Sending a designation (X) to laser head No. 4n，Yn) Namely, the No. 2 laser head, the No. 3 laser head and the No. 4 laser head are used for printing the remaining three sub-graph blocks, and the No. 1 laser head is in a non-working state. As shown in fig. 2, when 1 or 2 sub-graphic blocks remain in printing the Y-axis to the edge, the processing is the same as described above.
As shown in fig. 3, when the length direction of the cloth is theoretically infinite in length in the processing X-axis direction, and the length of the cloth is greater than the length of the CAD pattern, the CAD pattern is circularly discharged, but since the length of the CAD pattern is not necessarily an integral multiple of the processing distance of the laser head, a seam allowance is generated at the hinge joint of two CAD patterns due to the influence of the processing distance of the laser head, and H in fig. 3 is the width of the seam allowance, which causes a certain amount of waste, as shown in fig. 4, in order to reduce the seam allowance, this embodiment further includes a circular seam step, specifically including the following steps:
f1, calculating the number d of the sub-graph blocks divided on the X axis by the CAD pattern, wherein the X axis of the CAD pattern is parallel to the length direction of the cloth. When the number of the sub-graph blocks divided by the CAD pattern on the X axis is calculated, the length of the CAD pattern on the X axis is divided by the working length of a single laser head on the X axis, when the sub-graph blocks can be divided completely, the calculation result is the number d of the sub-graph blocks, and when the sub-graph blocks cannot be divided completely, the integer of the calculation result is added with 1 to serve as the number d of the sub-graph blocks.
f2 calculating the working range L of the laser head in the X-axis directionm= d a; the working range of the laser head refers to the moving range of the laser head on the X axis when the laser head processes from the head end of the X axis to the tail end of the X axis when a CAD pattern is processed.
f3, calculating the moving distance of the laser head and the length L of the CAD image on the X axisx isDifference s = Lm-Lx；
f4, determining the length L of the laser head moving during the seamingr=a-s。
Assuming that the processing range of each laser head is 300mm × 300mm, the length of the CAD pattern on the X axis is 2520, that is, the number of the segments of the CAD pattern divided in the X axis direction is 2520/300=8.4, and the integer is 9, so that the moving range of the laser head on the processing X axis is 9 × 300=2700mm, if the seaming step is performed, a seaming excess material of 2700-.
When the laser machine adopts a gantry type structure for processing metal or nonmetal, the processing principle is the same, and when the laser head moves on the Y axis relative to the processing platform, the beam slides on the processing platform. In addition, the cutting method can be adopted for both the vertical laser machine and the laser machine for processing regular three-dimensional materials according to specific structures.
Claims (1)
1. A cutting method of a wide multifunctional laser machine is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a. and (3) graphic analysis: analyzing the input CAD pattern, respectively determining the limit value of an X axis and the limit value of a Y axis, and establishing a rectangular mother figure block taking the limit value of the X axis and the limit value of the Y axis as boundaries;
b. and (3) drawing the pattern: extracting graphic elements from the mother graphic blocks in the steps, and establishing a mathematical model for the graphic elements;
c. and (3) pattern segmentation: establishing a cutting frame in the working range of the laser head, dividing the graphic element according to the mathematical model in the step to form a plurality of rectangular sub-graphic blocks, and naming the sub-graphic blocks according to the position information of the sub-graphic blocks;
d. and (3) pattern reduction: restoring the sub-graph blocks in the steps one by one into independent CAD files, wherein the file name of each CAD file corresponds to the name of the sub-graph block;
e. sending the CAD files to a laser head one by one according to a naming sequence for printing; the laser head is a galvanometer scanning marking head, t galvanometer scanning marking heads are arranged on the laser machine, wherein t is larger than 1, and the t galvanometer scanning marking heads are distributed in an arrangement manner along a processing Y axis on the laser machine corresponding to the Y axis of the CAD graph;
after each laser head has executed a command, assume that the currently processed name is (X)m，Ym) The CAD files are respectively sent to each laser head one by one according to a naming sequence, and when the laser heads execute the naming (X)m，Ym) After the CAD file(s) and moving along the Y-axis, a designation (X) is sent to the laser headm，Ym+t) All the laser heads move t laser heads on a processing Y axis corresponding to the Y axis of the CAD file on the laser machine by working distances corresponding to the Y axis; suppose that the currently processed name is (X)m，Ym) CAD (computer aided design) textElement, when the laser head has performed the designation (X)m，Ym) After the CAD file(s) and moving along the X-axis, a designation (X) is sent to the laser headm+1，Ym) All the laser heads move a working distance of one laser head corresponding to the X axis on a processing X axis corresponding to the X axis of the CAD file on the laser machine;
setting the arrangement direction of the laser heads as a row and the arrangement direction vertical to the laser heads as a column, wherein the motion track of the laser heads is that the laser heads travel from the head end of the first row to the tail end of the first row, then move to the second row, and then travel from the tail end of the second row to the head end of the second row, and repeating the motion steps in sequence;
when the laser heads process from the head end of a row to the tail end of the row, when the laser heads finish each cutting command, calculating the number k of the residual non-operating CAD files of the row, when k is larger than or equal to t, all the laser heads move t laser heads to the row of the non-processing direction by the working distance corresponding to the Y axis, when k is smaller than t, all the laser heads move k laser heads to the row of the non-processing direction by the working distance corresponding to the Y axis, and the residual non-operating CAD files are sent to the p = t-k laser heads counted from one end far away from the non-processing direction;
f. and (3) circulating seaming: the length direction of the processed cloth is vertical to the arrangement direction of the laser heads, and the step of cyclic seaming comprises the following substeps:
f1, calculating the number d of the sub-graph blocks divided on the X axis by the CAD pattern, wherein the X axis of the CAD pattern is parallel to the length direction of the cloth, and the working length of the laser head on the X axis is set as a;
f2 calculating the working range L of the laser head in the X-axis directionm=d*a；
f3, calculating the working range of the laser head and the length L of the CAD image on the X axisXS = Lm-LX；
f4, determining the length L of the laser head moving during the seamingr=a-s。
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| CN110076458B (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-06-19 | 西安交通大学 | Large-breadth laser processing method |
| CN110405355B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-01-26 | 中山镭曼智能科技有限公司 | Optimal marking sequence planning method based on shortest light beam repositioning time |
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| CN102179631B (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2014-04-02 | 苏州德龙激光股份有限公司 | Device and method for processing large-breadth light guide plate |
| CN102886611B (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2015-01-07 | 南京通孚轻纺有限公司 | Full mirror image cutting method |
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