CN108479419A - A kind of ceramic membrane and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of ceramic membrane and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108479419A CN108479419A CN201810434164.3A CN201810434164A CN108479419A CN 108479419 A CN108479419 A CN 108479419A CN 201810434164 A CN201810434164 A CN 201810434164A CN 108479419 A CN108479419 A CN 108479419A
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- ceramic membrane
- flyash
- bottom mud
- river bottom
- pore former
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
Abstract
The present invention provides the raw materials of a kind of ceramic membrane, including weight percent：Flyash 50 80%；River bottom mud：15 40%；Pore former 5 10%.Preparation method：By flyash, river bottom mud and pore former by weight mixing；Then mixture is ground uniformly, is sintered a period of time in Muffle furnace high temperature after being pressed into thin slice with tablet press machine, that is, forms ceramic membrane of the aperture between 0.01 μm to 10 μm.The present invention once sintered can complete, and selects waste material flyash as primary raw material, the manufacturing cost of ceramic membrane is greatly saved；River bottom mud in component is also waste material cheap and easy to get, it is also used as adhesive simultaneously and is conducive to flyash mutually to bond with pore former, the flexility of ceramic membrane can be improved, the pore structure of ceramic membrane needs can also be formed after sintering, its ceramic membrane mechanical strength obtained can compare favourably with metal oxide ceramic film, oil removal rate is above 99%, has preferably separation and filter effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of material technology, more particularly to it is a kind of for detaching, the ceramic membrane of filtration treatment and its preparation
Method.
Background technology
Currently, industrialized ceramic membrane product is mainly SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2And ZrO2Ceramic membrane is with different rule
The SiO of lattice2, Al2O3, TiO2And ZrO2Equal inorganic ceramic materials are formed as supporter through surface coating, high-temperature firing.
The ceramic membrane being commercialized in the prior art usually has three-decker, respectively separating layer, transition zone and supporting layer,
Separating layer plays sieving actoion, and the presence of transition zone is to pour supporting layer by water in order to avoid the particle of separating layer, and supporting layer exists
During use mechanical strength is provided for separating layer.Therefore, the preparation process of ceramic membrane will be usually sintered three times, complicated
Preparation process keeps ceramic membrane manufacturing cost higher.
Ceramic membrane can be divided into microfiltration ceramic membrane and ultrafiltration ceramic membrane according to aperture size.Its disadvantage is high for the prices of raw materials
Expensive, sintering temperature is high (being usually 1300 degree or more), is not suitable for the harsh environments such as strong acid and strong base.Existing research is concentrated on honest and clean
Valence mineral and industrial waste such as mullite, kaolin, bauxite mine etc. replace native oxide material by raw material and are prepared to reduce
Cost.But it is and to be more than 50MPa with solid waste or mineral using INVENTIONConventional metal-oxide as the mechanical strength of the ceramic membrane of raw material
The mechanical strength of ceramic membrane prepared by raw material is but usually less than 30MPa, it is difficult to reach environmental condition during current separating and filtering
Requirement and treatment effect.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide one kind using flyash as primary raw material,
Preparation process is simple, of low cost and separation, mechanical strength are good and the preferable ceramic membrane of strainability.
Ceramic membrane provided by the invention includes the raw material of following weight percentage：
Flyash 50-80%；River bottom mud：15-40%；Pore former 5-10%.
As the preferred of above-mentioned raw materials, the pore former selects CaCO3, starch, graphite or nylon, further preferably
CaCO3。
As the preferred of above-mentioned raw materials proportioning, the flyash is 60-70%；The river bottom mud is 20-30%；It is described
Pore former is 5-10%.
The further preferred flyash is 67%；The river bottom mud is 26%；The pore former is 7%.
The present invention selects flyash as primary raw material, and waste material when being using factory process was not only cheap as raw material, but also
Waste reclamation is achieved the purpose that, the manufacturing cost of ceramic membrane can be greatlyd save.Suitable river bottom mud is matched in component
Assisted with pore former, not only improve the structure molding of ceramic membrane, meanwhile, the river bottom mud of introducing be also be dirt cheap be easy to get it is useless
Material had both had many main components that can build ceramic membrane jointly with flyash, and other impurities will not have been introduced into ceramic membrane, together
When be also used as adhesive and be conducive to flyash mutually bonding with pore former, the flexility of ceramic membrane, Er Qiehe can be improved
Organic principle in road bed mud can be changed into vapor and carbon dioxide after high temperature sintering, be easily formed the hole needed for ceramic membrane
Gap structure.
The present invention can further decrease manufacturing cost on the basis of refuse reclamation to the maximum extent, pottery obtained
Porcelain film mechanical strength reaches as high as 71.46MPa between 50MPa to 65MPa, and oil removal rate has and preferably divides 99% or more
From and filter effect.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned ceramic membrane, include the following steps：
By flyash, river bottom mud and pore former by weight mixing；
The grinding of flyash, river bottom mud and pore building agent mixture is uniform, then thin slice is pressed into tablet press machine；
By thin slice in Muffle furnace with 1000-1200 DEG C of high temperature sintering for a period of time, formed aperture at 0.01 μm to 10 μ
Ceramic membrane between m.
In the preparation process of above-mentioned ceramic membrane, second can be added in the flyash, river bottom mud and pore building agent mixture
Then alcohol is ground to uniformly.
In the preparation process of above-mentioned ceramic membrane, by the thin slice with the heating rate high temperature of 4-6 DEG C/min in Muffle furnace
Sintering 2-4 hours.
The preparation method of above-mentioned ceramic membrane provided by the invention only needs the once sintered aperture that can be prepared by 0.01 μm to 10
The ceramic membrane of ceramic membrane between μm, three-decker compared to the prior art and three times sintering process, present invention process step
It is very simple, and sintering temperature is less than the sintering temperature of the prior art, it is of low cost, it is easy to accomplish, the ceramic membrane tool prepared
There is preferable separating and filtering performance, has a good application prospect in oil, chemistry and field of food industry.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the SEM photograph of ceramic membrane prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the SEM photograph of commercially available ceramic membrane.
It to describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for ability
For the those of ordinary skill of domain, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other attached
Figure.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Ceramic membrane provided by the invention includes the raw material of following weight percentage：
Flyash 50-80%；River bottom mud：15-40%；Pore former 5-10%.
In the proportioning of above-mentioned raw materials, preferably proportioning may be selected to be：The flyash is 60-70%；The river bottom mud
For 20-30%；The pore former is 5-10%.Optimal proportion may be selected to be：The flyash is 67%；The river bottom mud is
26%；The pore former is 7%.
In ceramics film raw material provided by the invention, the waste when flyash is factory process, but it is therein main
Ingredient SiO2And Al2O3(about 70%) is to prepare the primary raw material of ceramic membrane, and flyash has loose porous characteristic, can increase
The permeation flux of big ceramic membrane, and other compositions CaO, Fe in powdered coal ash2O3、MgO、TiO2Equal metal oxides, can be
In high-temperature sintering process with SiO2And Al2O3Reaction generates multi mineral, is deposited in ceramic membrane, can reinforce the density of ceramic membrane
And bending strength.Such as CaO, reaction equation is：
Al2O3+2SiO2+CaO→CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2
In addition, there is a small amount of organic matter in flyash, vapor and carbon dioxide volatilization can be resolved into high temperature sintering,
Automatically form a small amount of pore structure (being shown in Table a flyash loss on ignition index).
In ceramics film raw material provided by the invention, the CaCO of pore former selection3, starch, polymer microballoon or Buddhist nun
Dragon, the good dispersion in ceramic film system can make the ceramic membrane acquisition size of preparation smaller and uniform hole, have preferable
Separating and filtering performance, and it is lower compared to other compound costs for pore-forming.Wherein preferred CaCO3For inorganic matter,
In the inorganic system of ceramic membrane, it not only can guarantee that the ceramic membrane after preparing has form and the highly uniform pore space structure of size,
Also ensure that ceramic membrane surface is fine and close smooth, separating and filtering performance is more preferable, can further improve ceramic film quality.
It is provided by the invention ceramics film raw material in, the river bottom mud use channel cleanout processing bed mud, mainly at
It is divided into SiO2And Al2O3, there is main component identical with flyash may participate in also to prepare the material component of traditional ceramics film
The structure of ceramic membrane is molded.Meanwhile river bottom mud is also used as adhesive, good water solubility, can effectively by flyash and at
Hole agent is effectively combined together, and is had preferable dispersion performance, the ceramic film thickness of preparation can be made uniform in conjunction with flyash, resistance to
Mill property is good, and cost is also lower.Further, also contain in river bottom mud much can be broken down into H at high temperature2O and CO2's
Organic matter, when high temperature can automatic classifying at gas, to form the pore structure of ceramic membrane needs, i.e. river bottom mud can be with
The structure (ingredient and loss on ignition that are shown in Table a river bottom mud) of ceramic membrane pores is participated in, comprehensive performance is higher.Therefore, the present invention selects
Sludge resource can also be efficiently used with river bottom mud, is turned waste into wealth, not only reduces manufacturing cost, but also to solve at river bottom mud
It sets, environmental protection made positive contributions.
Table one：The main component and loss on ignition (LOI) of raw material
The data that above-mentioned table one provides illustrate the main component of flyash and river bottom mud and at 105-110 DEG C after drying
The weight percent lost.Raw material loss on ignition (LOI) characterization raw material is heated and carries out physical evaporation or chemical breakdown releases
Gaseous products (such as H2O, CO2Deng) and the content of organic matter number.
From table one, it can be seen that, in the application, flyash and river bottom mud have more identical component, these are all structures
Build the primary raw material of ceramic membrane.Meanwhile river bottom mud has certain loss on ignition (LOI:14.91wt%), and loss on ignition is it
The determinant with a large amount of pore structures in the preparation of ceramic membrane.Therefore, river bottom mud also has one in the application component
Fixed pore-forming performance disclosure satisfy that ceramic membrane pores condition, with preferable separating and filtering in conjunction with the addition of pore former
Performance.
Further, lower compared to other compound costs for bonding since river bottom mud is also waste material, it is pair
One important approach of river bottom mud treatment and use.
Ceramic membrane provided by the invention selects flyash as primary raw material, contains the main component for preparing ceramic membrane,
Other impurities will not be introduced into ceramic membrane, reduce the technique for even avoiding and needing to remove other impurities in preparation process in this way
Step once sintered can be completed, reduce process costs.Meanwhile flyash be factory process when waste, it is cheap, can
The manufacturing cost of ceramic membrane is further decreased on the basis for carrying out reuse of solid waste to the maximum extent.On this basis
Suitable river bottom mud and pore former are matched, on the one hand river bottom mud can be used as adhesive, and have preferable dispersion performance, can
Flyash and pore former are effectively blended together, the molding of ceramic membrane is conducive to；On the other hand, since river bottom mud includes system
The main component of standby ceramic membrane, the matrix of ceramic membrane can be built together with flyash, ceramic membrane is made to reach required physicochemical property
And mechanical performance, meanwhile, river bottom mud has certain loss on ignition, in conjunction with other pore formers, it is ensured that ceramic membrane tool obtained
There is preferable porosity and each hole can be made highly uniform.Further, river bottom mud is still dirt cheap the compound being easy to get,
Sludge resource can be efficiently used, is turned waste into wealth, not only reduces manufacturing cost, but also to solve river bottom mud disposition, environmental protection
It made positive contributions.Ceramic membrane mechanical strength prepared by the present invention reaches as high as between 50MPa to 65MPa
71.46MPa far surpasses other solid waste matrix ceramic membranes, it might even be possible to compare favourably with metal oxide ceramic film；Oil removal rate is above
99%, excellent oil-water separation is can reach, the demand of current industry is met, there is very extensive application prospect.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned ceramic membrane, include the following steps：
S1 is by flyash, river bottom mud and pore former by weight flyash 50-80%；River bottom mud：20-40%；At
The ratio of hole agent 5-10% mixes.
In the step, flyash selects the solid waste of coal-burning power plant's discharge, and the particle size range of particle is 0.5-3000 μm；
River bottom mud selects the sludge of channel cleanout processing of the moisture content less than 20% after dehydration, and particle size range is 0.5-3000 μm.
The CaCO that the pore former is selected3, starch, polymer microballoon or nylon, preferred CaCO3.Above-mentioned pore former is being made pottery
Good dispersion in porcelain film system can make the ceramic membrane acquisition size of preparation smaller and uniform hole, have and preferably detach
Performance is filtered, and lower compared to other compound costs for pore-forming.Wherein preferred CaCO3It not only can guarantee after preparing
Ceramic membrane is with the highly uniform pore space structure of form and size, moreover it is possible to ensure that ceramic membrane surface is fine and close smooth, separating and filtering
Can be more preferable, it can further improve ceramic film quality.
S2 grinds flyash, river bottom mud and pore building agent mixture uniformly, is then pressed into thin slice.
In the step, ethanol in proper amount can be added in mixture, so that mix powder is become cement paste, be conducive in this way
Mixture is set to be more uniformly distributed in subsequent process of lapping.
After the completion of mixing, the thin slice that thickness is 1 centimetre or so is pressed into tablet press machine.
Above-mentioned thin slice is calcined a period of time by S3 in Muffle furnace high temperature, you can forms aperture between 0.01 μm to 10 μm
Ceramic membrane.
In the step, the thin slice in Muffle furnace with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, at a high temperature of 1000-1200 DEG C
Sintering 2-4 hours is broken down into H after certain impurity in mixture can be made to pass through calcining2O、CO2Equal gaseous organic substances, can form
Multiple pore structures.
In the above-mentioned preparation method of the present invention, sintering temperature is less than the sintering temperature for preparing ceramic membrane in the prior art, and can
The preparation of single layer microfiltration ceramic membrane is completed in once sintered molding, ceramic membrane average pore size obtained is small, has larger hole
Gap rate and higher permeation flux, may advantageously facilitate the mass transport process of film surface, and the ceramic membrane mechanical strength after calcining is good, physics and chemistry
Performance is stablized, therefore monofilm is the actual requirement in reachable industrial production to microfiltration ceramic membrane, and when use can reach preferable
Separating and filtering effect.
The present invention is further described with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
S1 is by flyash, river bottom mud and CaCO3By 5:2:0.5 mass ratio is uniformly mixed；
Mixture 75g is placed in mortar by S2, is then gradually added into the ethyl alcohol that total amount is 100ml, grinding 30min or so,
It puts into tablet press machine again, under conditions of briquetting pressure is 38MPa, is made multiple a diameter of 8 centimetres or so, thickness is 1 centimetre
The thin slice of left and right；
Thin slice obtained is placed in Muffle furnace by S3, and with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, in-furnace temperature is raised to from room temperature
1200 DEG C or so, high-temperature calcination 3 hours is to get to aperture uniform ceramic membrane (such as Fig. 1 of the hole between 0.01 μm to 10 μm
It is shown).
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, while according to the comparison of table two and table three can see, the present embodiment 1 select flyash as
Primary raw material, in conjunction with river bottom mud and pore former CaCO3The ceramic membrane of preparation in density, is put down compared with each comparative example ceramic membrane
Equal aperture, permeation flux and oil removal rate items overall target are superior to other comparative examples, and porosity and bending strength are also superior to big
Part comparative example has preferably separating and filtering effect, and has excellent mechanical property and physicochemical property.
Embodiment 2：
Flyash, river bottom mud and starch are pressed 5 by S1:2:0.5 mass ratio is uniformly mixed；
Mixture 75g is placed in mortar by S2, is then gradually added into the ethyl alcohol that total amount is 100ml, is ground 30min, then throw
Enter in tablet press machine, under conditions of briquetting pressure is 38MPa, is made multiple a diameter of 8 centimetres or so, thickness is 1 centimetre or so
Thin slice；
Thin slice obtained is placed in Muffle furnace by S3, and with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, in-furnace temperature is raised to from room temperature
1200 DEG C or so, high-temperature calcination 3 hours is to get the ceramic membrane to aperture between 0.01 μm to 10 μm.
By table two and the comparison of table three, it can be seen that, the present embodiment 2 selects flyash as primary raw material, in conjunction with river bottom mud
With pore former starch, the ceramic membrane prepared is slightly poorer than embodiment 1 in density, bending strength, oil removal rate items overall target, and
Porosity, average pore size, permeation flux are slightly above embodiment 1.
Compared with other each comparative example ceramic membranes, ceramic membrane prepared by the present embodiment 2 is logical in density, average pore size, infiltration
Amount and oil removal rate items overall target are superior to other comparative examples, and porosity, bending strength have also superior to most of comparative example
Preferably separating and filtering effect, and there is excellent mechanical property and physicochemical property.
Embodiment 3：
Flyash, river sludge and polymer microballoon are pressed 5 by S1:2:0.5 mass ratio is uniformly mixed；
Mixture 75g is placed in mortar by S2, is then gradually added into the ethyl alcohol that total amount is 100ml, is ground 30min, then throw
Enter in tablet press machine, under conditions of briquetting pressure is 38MPa, be made a diameter of 8 centimetres or so, thickness is 1 centimetre or so thin
Piece；
Thin slice obtained is placed in Muffle furnace by S3, and with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, in-furnace temperature is raised to from room temperature
1200 DEG C or so, high-temperature calcination 3 hours is to get the ceramic membrane to aperture between 0.01 μm to 10 μm.
By table one and the comparison of table two, it can be seen that, the present embodiment 3 selects flyash as primary raw material, in conjunction with river bottom mud
With pore former polymer microballoon, the ceramic membrane prepared is in density, average pore size, bending strength, oil removal rate items overall target
It is slightly poorer than embodiment 1, and porosity, permeation flux are slightly above embodiment 1.
Compared with other each comparative example ceramic membranes, ceramic membrane prepared by the present embodiment 3 is logical in density, average pore size, infiltration
Amount and oil removal rate items overall target are superior to other comparative examples, and porosity, bending strength have also superior to most of comparative example
Preferably separating and filtering effect, and there is excellent mechanical property and physicochemical property.
Table two：Embodiment is one compared with comparative example ceramic membrane performance
Table three：Embodiment is two compared with comparative example ceramic membrane performance
It is only the part of present pre-ferred embodiments shown in the above embodiment of the present invention and attached drawing, can not be limited to this
The present invention, under conditions of not departing from marrow of the present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made by those skilled in the art
Deng all belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of ceramic membrane, which is characterized in that include the raw material of following weight percentage：
Flyash 50-80%；River bottom mud：15-40%；Pore former 5-10%.
2. ceramic membrane as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pore former selects CaCO3, starch, graphite or nylon.
3. a kind of ceramic membrane as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the pore former is preferably CaCO3。
4. a kind of ceramic membrane as described in any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that the flyash is 60-70%；It is described
River bottom mud is 20-30%；The pore former is 5-10%.
5. a kind of ceramic membrane as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the flyash is 67%；The river bottom mud is
26%；The pore former is 7%.
6. a kind of preparation method of ceramic membrane as described in any one in claim 1-5, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
By flyash, river bottom mud and pore former by weight mixing；
The grinding of flyash, river bottom mud and pore building agent mixture is uniform, then thin slice is pressed into tablet press machine；
By the thin slice in Muffle furnace with 1000-1200 DEG C of high temperature sintering for a period of time, formed aperture at 0.01 μm to 10 μ
Ceramic membrane between m.
7. a kind of preparation method of ceramic membrane as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in the flyash, river bottom mud
With ethyl alcohol is added in pore building agent mixture, be then ground to uniformly.
8. a kind of preparation method of ceramic membrane as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that by the thin slice in Muffle furnace with
The heating rate high temperature sintering of 4-6 DEG C/min 2-4 hours.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112194501A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-08 | 中建科技集团有限公司深圳分公司 | River sediment treatment method |
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Application publication date: 20180904 |