CN108472408B - 矫形植入物 - Google Patents

矫形植入物 Download PDF

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CN108472408B
CN108472408B CN201680077148.2A CN201680077148A CN108472408B CN 108472408 B CN108472408 B CN 108472408B CN 201680077148 A CN201680077148 A CN 201680077148A CN 108472408 B CN108472408 B CN 108472408B
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femoral component
sliding surface
glass solder
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CN108472408A (zh
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M·米特洛维奇
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ZM Praezisionsdentaltechnik GmbH
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Abstract

在呈膝盖内置假体的股骨部件形式的矫形植入物中，滑动面由基于二氧化锆、氧化铝的陶瓷材料构成并且平稳地转移到所述股骨部件的金属基体中。插入件与基体之间的连接通过以陶瓷烧成加固的硅酸盐的陶瓷焊料和通过硅酸盐玻璃焊料制成，其中，在金属基体中的焊料排出通道有助于产生均匀的玻璃焊料层并且防止在焊接连接上太强的加热处理，所述太强的加热处理例如可能导致在二氧化钛层中的断裂。通过在所述滑动面的背离所述金属基体的上侧上附加地还设置由更软的玻璃焊料构成的涂层的方式，进一步减小磨损并且进一步提高所述植入物的使用时间。

Description

矫形植入物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种呈膝盖内置假体形式的矫形植入物，其具有由金属材料构成的股骨部件，在所述矫形植入物中，股骨部件的滑动面构造为插入件，所述插入件置入股骨部件的金属基体中并且由基于二氧化锆、氧化铝或者两者组成的混合物的陶瓷材料构成，并且，在所述矫形植入物中，插入件与股骨部件的金属基体之间的连接通过硅酸盐玻璃焊料制成。
背景技术
在人工地替代膝关节时，将受损的关节面除去并且在胫骨和股骨的侧上、即在胫骨(Tibia)的上方的末端上和在大腿骨(Femur)的下方的末端上由两个相互独立的植入物替代。在此，植入物作为在股骨侧的关节面替代物使用，在大多数已知的植入物的情况下，所述植入物或者由特别的高强度的钛合金构成或者由钴铬合金中的一种构成，其被铸造或者锻造并且接下来抛光。在此，胫骨的关节侧由一种由钛合金或者钴铬合金构成的植入物替代，并且在所述植入物上通常固定有聚乙烯插入件，所述聚乙烯插入件作为用于股骨部件的滑动匹配件使用。
现在，人工的膝关节替代是一种可靠的手术，其中，植入物的使用时间在15年以内。最频繁的失效原因是无菌的植入物松动，所述植入物松动由胫骨的聚乙烯部件的磨损颗粒引起并且所述植入物松动可能显著地缩短植入物的使用寿命。磨损颗粒由于聚乙烯部件的磨损而出现，由与股骨部件的摩擦引起。当磨损颗粒到达骨-植入物介面中时，在无粘合剂地锚固的情况下，触发在植入物-骨边界面上的生物学过程，或者在胶结地锚固的情况下，触发在植入物-骨粘合剂-骨边界面上的生物学过程，所述生物学过程可能导致累进的局部的骨破坏并且最终导致植入物的松动。此外，在胫骨的聚乙烯部件完全耗尽的情况下，以后可能发生位于其下方的金属的胫骨平台的磨损并且可能发生与所放出的金属离子的过敏反应。
除了金属的膝盖内置假体之外，使用商品名称为
Figure BDA0001713483300000021
的锆-铌合金，所述锆-铌合金的股骨部件在大约500℃下的热处理过程中被转化为二氧化锆陶瓷，所述二氧化锆陶瓷仿佛构成由二氧化锆构成的涂层。此外，已知如下植入物：在所述植入物中，使用由混合陶瓷
Figure BDA0001713483300000022
构成的股骨部件。通过使用这种在市场上可购买的股骨部件使得聚乙烯的磨损与金属/聚乙烯-滑动配对相比减小，并且以此方式延长膝盖内置假体的耐久性。然而，Oxinium部件的高的生产成本以及在骨粘合剂上或者在骨上的陶瓷的部件的脆性和缺乏的粘附强度可视为这种已知的部件的缺点。
除了这些已知的植入物之外，从DE 10 2011 015 300 A1也已知开篇所提到的类型的、呈由金属材料构成的膝盖内置假体形式的植入物，在所述植入物中，股骨部件的滑动面已经由陶瓷材料构成，并且，在所述植入物中，通过硅酸盐玻璃焊料制成在插入件与股骨部件的金属基体之间的连接。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，这样构造这样的植入物，使得在股骨部件与滑动匹配件聚乙烯之间的摩擦和因此磨损与通常所使用的滑动匹配件相比尽可能小，并且同时提高股骨部件在大腿骨中的粘附强度。
本发明通过如下方式解决该任务：通过以陶瓷烧成加固的硅酸盐玻璃焊料以及通过比玻璃焊料更高、然而在金属基体的熔化温度以下熔化的玻璃焊料制成在插入件与金属基体之间的连接。此外，对于植入物的最优的骨整合，有利的是，股骨部件的待与大腿骨连接的、由金属材料构成的基体优选由具有大约10.5的热延展系数(WAK-Wert)的高强度的钛合金构成。
附图说明
接下来，要根据在绘图中示出的实施例详细地解释本发明。附图示出：
图1以立体示图示出根据现有技术的膝盖内置假体，
图2示出固定在大腿骨上的、根据本发明的股骨的膝关节植入物的示意性的示图，
图3示出根据图2的、由用于膝盖内置假体的股骨部件的基体和插入件组成的布置的示意性的示图，
图4示出在膝关节内假体的较长的使用时间之后的、根据图3的插入件的放大的部分区域的示意性的示图。
具体实施方式
在图1中的图以立体示图示出根据现有技术的膝盖内置假体1。植入物由具有由陶瓷材料构成的基体2的大腿骨部件以及胫骨部件12构成，在所述胫骨部件中，至少面向大腿骨部件的区域由聚乙烯构成。
与之相对地，图2示出具有置入基体2中的滑动面的大腿骨部件，所述滑动面由插入件3构成，所述插入件由陶瓷材料构成。为了制成这些插入件3，在这里所说明的实施例的情况下，使用二氧化锆，但是，插入件3也可以以相同的方式由氧化铝陶瓷构成或者由这两种陶瓷的混合物构成。
陶瓷的插入件3根据镶嵌细工的方式这样整合在股骨部件1的、由钛材料(在这里所示出的示图的情况下，高强度的钛合金Ti-6Al-4V，钛5级)构成的金属基体2的所配属的“槽状的”接收部4中，使得其无台阶地过渡到基体2中并且不出现留空棱边。钛自身具有粗糙的表面并且为此在加热时形成防碍均匀焊接的氧化层，在此背景下，首先必须通过一种特别的燃烧方法预处理钛。在此，通过硅酸盐玻璃焊料固定陶瓷的插入件3，所述玻璃焊料以陶瓷烧成加固并且以此方式使这些陶瓷的插入件3与金属基体2牢固地连接。这由三个箭头在图3中所示出的插入件3上标明。
这种预处理绝对是必要的，因为待焊接的对象的大小和加热处理可能会导致对焊接连接的不利的影响，如例如在二氧化钛层中的断裂。预处理通常借助于喷枪方法进行，在所述喷枪方法中，均匀地喷镀由硅酸盐玻璃焊料构成的层并且接下来使其经受燃烧过程。通过燃烧过程产生焊料层5，所述焊料层不但结合二氧化钛而且补偿钛的粗糙度进而提供用于随后的焊接过程的最优的基底。
为了在该焊料层5上产生均匀的玻璃焊料层6，需要在这种情况下在0.1至0.3毫米之间的恰当的层厚度以及合适的排出通道7的存在，所述恰当的层厚度和所述合适的排出通道共同地实现玻璃焊料6在该区域中的均匀的流动的前提。在此，在图3中所示出的、在钛中的排出通道7导致毛细管效应，所述毛细管效应使多余的玻璃焊料6均匀地流出并且可靠地防止在二氧化钛层中的断裂的出现。
在进行植入之后，由陶瓷构成的插入件3仿制常规的金属的大腿骨部件在滑动面中的外部形状并且显著地减少股骨部件与胫骨部件12的聚乙烯之间的磨损。滑动匹配件的磨损降低，所述降低的磨损减小颗粒诱发的无菌地松动的风险并且导致植入物较长的使用时间。通过在滑动面3的背离金属基体2的上侧上也设置由在这种情况下更软的玻璃焊料8构成的涂层的方式，进一步减小磨损并且进一步提高植入物的使用时间。作为排出通道7使用的打孔和预涂覆5的均匀地分布在这里不是必需的，因为玻璃焊料8被收集在陶瓷中或者从陶瓷中流出。
因为玻璃焊料涂层8比在滑动面中的插入件3的陶瓷的材料稍微更软并且因此更能伸缩，如最后在图4中示意性地示出的，在膝盖内置假体1的使用寿命的进程中，附加地，来自在大腿骨部件的滑动面中的插入件3的涂层8的小的损害也是可能的。然而，在该区域中，在多种常规的结构中，可能观察到金属离子的磨损，在本发明的情况下，在其位置上，仅仅出现大腿骨部件的陶瓷材料的插入件3的位于外部的涂层8的相对无害的磨损9，所述涂层由更软的玻璃焊料8构成，所述玻璃焊料主要包含硅。

Claims (9)

1.一种矫形植入物，其呈膝盖内置假体形式，所述矫形植入物具有由金属材料构成的股骨部件，在所述矫形植入物中，所述股骨部件的滑动面构造为插入件，所述插入件置入所述股骨部件的金属基体中并且由基于二氧化锆、氧化铝或者两者组成的混合物的陶瓷材料构成，并且，在所述矫形植入物中，所述插入件与所述股骨部件的金属基体之间的连接通过硅酸盐玻璃焊料制成，其特征在于，所述插入件(3)与所述金属基体(2)之间的连接通过对所述金属基体(2)的预处理以陶瓷烧成加固的硅酸盐玻璃焊料层(5)实现并且通过比所述硅酸盐玻璃焊料更高、然而在所述金属基体(2)的熔化温度以下熔化的玻璃焊料(6)进行固定，其中，在所述金属基体(2)中设置有焊料排出通道(7)，所述焊料排出通道使多余的玻璃焊料(6)均匀地流出并且防止在二氧化钛层中的断裂的出现。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述滑动面由基于二氧化锆的陶瓷构成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述滑动面由二氧化锆构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述滑动面由基于氧化铝的陶瓷构成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述滑动面由氧化铝构成。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述滑动面无台阶地过渡到所述股骨部件(1)的金属基体(2)的所配属的槽状接收部(4)中。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述股骨部件(1)的基体(2)由钛构成。
8.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述股骨部件(1)的基体(2)由钛合金构成。
9.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的植入物，其特征在于，在所述滑动面的背离所述金属基体(2)的上侧上设置有由比所述插入件(3)的陶瓷材料更软的玻璃焊料(8)构成的涂层。
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