CN108471621B - Communication method based on electromagnetic wave energy supply - Google Patents

Communication method based on electromagnetic wave energy supply Download PDF

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CN108471621B
CN108471621B CN201810579117.8A CN201810579117A CN108471621B CN 108471621 B CN108471621 B CN 108471621B CN 201810579117 A CN201810579117 A CN 201810579117A CN 108471621 B CN108471621 B CN 108471621B
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彭颖茹
柯峰
林凡
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0473—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being transmission power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication method for energy supply by electromagnetic waves, which is used for an MIMO system. The system includes a multi-antenna hybrid access point and a plurality of multi-antenna users. The hybrid access point continuously transmits electromagnetic wave energy and simultaneously receives the uploading information of the user, and the user receives the energy and carries out the uplink information transmission in a time division multiple access mode. And performing iterative optimization on the uplink rate transmission of a plurality of users by a method combining a power allocation strategy and a user time slot allocation strategy until the spectrum efficiency is not changed any more, so that the spectrum efficiency received by the hybrid access point is optimal. The invention can effectively improve the spectrum efficiency of the receiving end of the hybrid access point, and has lower calculation complexity and fast convergence.

Description

Communication method based on electromagnetic wave energy supply
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of uplink channel data transmission of a wireless communication network, and particularly relates to a communication method based on electromagnetic wave energy supply.
Background
With the rapid development of the internet of things (IoT), it is predicted that more than 200 billion devices will access the internet in 2020. In the era of internet of things, wireless sensors are widely applied to the fields of military affairs, medical treatment, logistics, smart home and the like, and form a form of interconnection of everything in the future. In a wireless sensor network, sensor nodes which are low in cost and can be used for data acquisition are connected together, and the method has important significance for realizing a smart city.
However, the access of mass devices necessarily causes huge energy consumption. The energy consumption causes the problems of difficult battery replacement, increased difficulty in power supply equipment arrangement and construction, increased cost of managers and the like, so the energy supply problem of the wireless sensor node becomes a difficult point which needs to be solved urgently. Especially, the wireless sensor with low power consumption is powered by a multi-purpose battery, and the complexity of node management is greatly increased by replacing the battery of the wireless sensor node.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a communication method based on electromagnetic wave energy supply, and relates to a Multi-user Multiple-Input Multiple-Output technology (Multi-Users Multiple-Input Multiple-Output), a digital modulation and demodulation, a Multi-user information data transmission time slot allocation strategy and a Multi-user channel power allocation strategy based on precoding; the invention provides a two-step iteration communication strategy aiming at an MIMO wireless communication system, and can effectively improve the spectrum efficiency of the communication system.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a communication method based on electromagnetic wave energy supply is used for an MIMO system, and the MIMO system comprises an antenna with N numberrMixed access point R and K antennas with number NuThe multi-antenna user U comprises the following steps:
s1, in the system model of full-duplex MIMO, the hybrid access point continuously broadcasts the electromagnetic wave energy to all users, the ith user UiReceiving the sum of the energies before the ith time slot; the system model of the full-duplex MIMO comprises a sending end and a receiving end, wherein the sending end is a hybrid access point, and the receiving end is all users;
s2, user UiAfter the energy reception is finished, information is sent to an uplink channel in the ith time slot;
s3 receiving spectrum efficiency function R of mixed access pointsum(τ,∑P) Respectively, the information power distribution matrix set ∑P＝{∑P,1,∑P,2,…,∑P,KEvery element in sigmap,iAnd a concave function of the time slot distribution vector tau, and the information power distribution matrix sigma of the ith user is iteratively optimized by fixing the time slot distribution vector tau P,i1,2, …, K, fixed information power distribution matrix ΣP,iAnd i is 1,2, …, and K iteratively optimizes the slot allocation vector tau until the sum information rate is not changed any more, so as to achieve the sum information rate optimization.
In step S1, the system model of full-duplex MIMO refers to that the hybrid access point and the users communicate with each other in a full-duplex mode, and signals are transmitted and received through the multi-antenna hybrid access point and the multi-antenna users, where the communication mode is that the hybrid access point continuously broadcasts electromagnetic wave energy to all users, and the ith user U is the useriThe sum of the energies before the ith slot is received.
In step S1, each frame of the receiving end is divided into K slots,the K slots constitute a set of slots, which is a slot allocation vector τ, τ ═ τ1,τ2,…,τK}; the energy collection efficiency of the receiving end is etaiAnd the optimal energy precoding matrix of the receiving end is jointly determined by the transmitting power of the hybrid access point and the downlink channel. The energy collection efficiency is that in the information transmission process, the energy received by the user has certain loss, and the collection efficiency is the ratio of the actual received energy of the receiving end to the transmitted energy of the transmitting end. The energy precoding technology can optimize energy reception of a receiving end, and is generally used for channel optimization of a hybrid access point, wherein an optimal precoding matrix is assumed to be known and is determined by the transmitting power of the hybrid access point and a downlink channel.
In step S2, the uplink channel sends a message, the uplink transmission mode is a time division multiple access mode, and the ith user UiHas an information conversion efficiency of mui。
The hybrid access point determines the throughput received by a single user through mutual information between the access point and the user and the allocated time slot.
In step S3, the information power distribution matrix Σ of the i-th userp,iSatisfy the constraint power
Figure BDA0001687966790000021
The sum information rate received by the hybrid access point on the uplink channel is expressed as
Figure BDA0001687966790000031
Wherein
Figure BDA0001687966790000032
Figure BDA0001687966790000033
A mutual information function for the hybrid access point and the users with respect to the time slot allocation and the information power allocation matrix.
The mutual information function is defined according to the limited symbol input characteristic of the modulation mode of the general digital communication system, and the modulation mode of the general digital communication system comprises QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM and 2 FSK.
In step S3, the information power distribution matrix Σ of the i-th userp,iThe right unitary matrix of the precoding matrix of the channel is fixed for the diagonal matrix of the precoding matrix of the channel after SVD decomposition; and the right unitary matrix of the channel precoding matrix is determined by adopting discrete Fourier transform.
In step S3, the slot allocation vector τ is determined by an iterative optimization solution.
In step S3, the information power allocation matrix of the user is determined by a gradient descent method; the gradient descent method determines the step size using a back-tracing straight line search method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. in a wireless sensor network, the invention provides a two-stage energy acquisition technology of 'receiving before transmitting': in the downlink channel, the access point transmits electromagnetic wave energy to the sensor nodes through the downlink channel, and the sensor nodes receive the energy and supply power and transmit information to the uplink channel. Therefore, the problem of energy supply of the sensor nodes can be well solved.
2. The invention provides an information transmission model of an uplink channel of multiple users aiming at an electromagnetic wave energy supply MIMO system, optimizes uplink rate transmission of the multiple users by combining a power allocation strategy and a time slot allocation strategy, effectively improves the spectrum efficiency of a receiving end of a hybrid access point, and has lower calculation complexity.
3. In addition, the problem of optimizing the communication efficiency of the multi-user sensor node is also a problem of great concern. The invention can improve the receiving frequency spectrum efficiency of the uplink channel access point through communication efficiency optimization, reduce the energy consumption of the system network and reduce the energy cost. The diversity gain and multiplexing gain of a communication system can be increased through effective communication optimization strategies such as a power allocation strategy and a time slot allocation strategy and the MIMO technology, and the purpose of green communication is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system model diagram corresponding to a communication method based on electromagnetic wave power supply according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a hybrid ap energy broadcast and user information transmission frame according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the joint timeslot assignment and power assignment method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the number of users as a function of the total throughput received by the hybrid access point in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of user transmit power as a function of total throughput received by a hybrid access point, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
A communication method based on electromagnetic wave power supply for a MIMO communication system comprising a multi-antenna hybrid access point and K multi-antenna users, comprising the steps of:
s1, in the system model of full duplex MIMO, the hybrid access point continuously broadcasts electromagnetic wave energy to all users, and each user receives the sum of all previous energy before sending information time slot;
s2, after the user finishes energy receiving, the information is sent to the uplink channel by the received energy in the information sending time slot and is received by the hybrid access point;
and S3, the information power distribution matrix is iteratively optimized through the fixed time slot distribution vector, and the time slot distribution vector is iteratively optimized through the fixed information power distribution matrix until the sum information rate is not changed any more, so that the optimal spectrum efficiency is achieved.
Each frame in the receiving end is divided into K time slots, and the time slot set is tau ═ tau1,τ2,…,τKAnd controlling the transmission energy direction and power by an energy precoding matrix.
The user uplink channel transmission mode is a time division multiple access mode, and the receiving and throughput of the base station is the sum of reachable mutual information of K users in a certain time.
And the information power distribution matrix of the ith user is a diagonal matrix of the precoding matrix of the channel after SVD decomposition, and a right unitary matrix of the precoding matrix of the channel is fixed.
The time slot allocation vector of the receiving end is determined by an iterative optimization solution, and the energy precoding matrix of the receiving end is jointly determined by the transmitting power of the hybrid access point and the downlink channel.
The hybrid access point determines the throughput received by a single user through mutual information between the access point and the user and the allocated time slot.
And the information power distribution matrix of the user is determined by a gradient descent method, and the right unitary matrix of the channel precoding matrix is determined by adopting discrete Fourier transform.
The mutual information is determined by the modulation mode of the user, the uplink channel matrix and the information precoding matrix. The mutual information function is defined according to the limited symbol input characteristics of the modulation modes of the general digital communication system, including all digital communication modulation modes such as QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM, 2FSK and the like.
And determining the step length by using a backtracking straight line searching method in a gradient descent method of the information power distribution matrix of the user.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1,2, 3, 4 and 5, an electromagnetic wave powered communication method is used for a MIMO system, and the system comprises an antenna with the number of NrMixed access point R and K antennas with number NuAs shown in fig. 2, the core step of the user U is that the hybrid access point continuously transmits electromagnetic wave energy, all users receive the energy and use the energy for uplink information transmission, and the users in a frame are considered to perform iterative optimization on uplink rate transmission of the users through a joint power and time slot allocation strategy until the spectrum efficiency does not change any more, and at this time, the spectrum efficiency reaches the optimum.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, in the MIMO system model, the hybrid access point transmits electromagnetic wave energy to all users in a broadcasting mode, wherein the ith user UiThe downlink channel matrix is Hd,iIn the receiving end, each frame is divided into K time slots, and the time slot set is tau ═ tau1,τ2,…,τK}, user UiBy ηiThe energy collection efficiency of (1) receives all the energy before the ith time slot, and the received energy can be expressed as
Figure BDA0001687966790000051
B*For transmitting power and downlink channel H by mixed access pointd,iJointly determining an optimal energy precoding matrix;
s2, user uploads information in uplink channel in time division multiple access mode, user UiAfter the energy reception is completed, in the ith time slot, the number of mu is increasediThe information conversion efficiency of (1) sending information to an uplink channel with a transmission power of
Figure BDA0001687966790000052
Figure BDA0001687966790000053
S3, the uplink channel matrix H of the ith useru,iCan decompose SVD (singular value decomposition) into
Figure BDA0001687966790000054
Its corresponding precoding matrix can be SVD decomposed into
Figure BDA0001687966790000061
And the left unitary matrix U of the signal matrixG,iRight unitary matrix equal to precoding matrix
Figure BDA0001687966790000062
Optimizing through an information power distribution matrix, considering an MIMO channel equivalent model, and mixing information signals received by the ith time slot of the access point
Figure BDA0001687966790000063
Can be expressed as
Figure BDA0001687966790000064
Satisfy the requirement of
Figure BDA0001687966790000065
And
Figure BDA0001687966790000066
nu,ito satisfy the covariance matrix of
Figure BDA0001687966790000067
The mutual information expression of modulation base number M is
Figure BDA0001687966790000068
Wherein the difference between two constellation points is denoted as emk＝xm-xk(m, k are any two constellation points), information power distribution matrix sigmap,iSatisfy the constraint power
Figure BDA0001687966790000069
The mutual information function is defined according to the limited symbol input characteristics of the modulation modes of the general digital communication system, including all digital communication modulation modes such as QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM, 2FSK and the like.
S4, the sum information rate uploaded by all users received by the hybrid access point on the uplink channel in one frame can be expressed as
Figure BDA00016879667900000610
Rsum(τ,∑P) Respectively, the information power distribution matrix set ∑P＝{∑P,1,∑P,2,…,∑P,KEvery element in sigmap,iAnd a concave function of the time slot distribution vector tau, and the information power distribution matrix sigma is iteratively optimized by fixing the time slot distribution vector tau P,i1,2, …, K, fixed information power distribution matrix ΣP,iAnd i is 1,2, …, and K iteratively optimizes the slot allocation vector tau until the sum information rate is not changed any more, so as to achieve the sum information rate optimization. A flow chart of the joint timeslot cooperation and power allocation method of the present invention is shown in fig. 3.
The implementation scenario of this example is as follows: consider a 2x2 MIMO system, downlink channel Hd,iAnd an uplink channel Hu,iAre respectively represented as
Figure BDA00016879667900000611
And
Figure BDA00016879667900000612
wherein Hd,i,wAnd Hu,i,wAnd expressing a small-scale Rayleigh fading matrix, wherein elements of the small-scale Rayleigh fading matrix meet a circularly symmetric complex Gaussian random variable with zero mean covariance of 1, and a loss factor alpha is 4. DiIs the distance between the ith user and the hybrid access point, assuming 1 m.
Figure BDA00016879667900000613
Is 10-8W, transmission signal x of i users of uplink channeliQPSK modulation is used, so M α is 4. Energy collection efficiency eta of ith useriAnd information upload rate muiAre assumed to be 75%.
The simulation results of this example were plotted using the simulation software Matlab.
Fig. 4 compares the proposed joint optimal power allocation strategy and optimal timeslot cooperation strategy method with the three methods of ETA-OPA, OTA-WF, and ETA-WF. Hybrid access point transmit power of P040 dBm. The ETA-OPA method adopts a combined equal time slot allocation strategy and an optimal power allocation strategy. The OTA-WF method adopts a joint optimal time slot allocation strategy and a water injection power strategy. The ETA-WF method adopts a combined equal time slot allocation strategy and a water injection power strategy. The rate of sum information received by the hybrid access point increases with the number of users, which has grown to 5 to be very close to the saturation value Ntlog of the average mutual information2And M is 4. Meanwhile, the ETA-OPA method is better than the OTA-WF method, which shows that the influence of the power distribution matrix design on the system performance is larger than that of the time slot distribution vector design.
FIG. 5 shows the user transmit power P0A curve of the total throughput received by the hybrid access point. The user number K is 5. The performance of the proposed algorithm is still better than that of other algorithms. The combination of the water-filling power strategy method commonly used in gaussian input systems and the optimal time slot allocation strategy method cannot reach the upper performance bound. The energy conversion efficiency of the user can be obtainedηiThe mid-range impact is greater for the mean and throughput and less for the energy saturation region and the collection start point.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A communication method based on electromagnetic wave energy supply is characterized by being used for a MIMO system, wherein the MIMO system comprises an antenna with N antenna numbersrHas a mixed access point HAP and K antennas with the number of NuThe multi-antenna user U comprises the following steps:
s1, in the system model of full-duplex MIMO, the hybrid access point continuously broadcasts the electromagnetic wave energy to all users, the ith user UiReceiving the sum of the energies before the ith time slot; the system model of the full-duplex MIMO comprises a sending end and a receiving end, wherein the sending end is a hybrid access point, and the receiving end is all users;
s2, user UiAfter the energy reception is finished, information is sent to an uplink channel in the ith time slot;
s3 sum information rate function R of hybrid access pointsum(τ，∑P) Respectively, the information power distribution matrix set ∑P＝{∑P，1，∑P，2，…，∑P，KEvery element in sigmap，iAnd a concave function of the time slot distribution vector tau, and the information power distribution matrix sigma of the ith user is iteratively optimized by fixing the time slot distribution vector tauP，i1,2, …, K, fixed information power distribution matrix ΣP，iI 1,2, …, K, iteratively optimizing the slot allocation vector τ up to and including the information rate function R using a convex optimization solutionsum(τ，∑P) No longer changing, achieving the optimal information rate.
2. The electromagnetic-based system of claim 1The method for wave-powered communication is characterized in that, in step S1, the system model of full-duplex MIMO refers to that the hybrid access point and the users communicate in a full-duplex mode, signals are transmitted and received through the multi-antenna hybrid access point and the multi-antenna users, the communication mode is that the hybrid access point continuously broadcasts electromagnetic wave energy to all users, and the ith user UiThe sum of the energies before the ith slot is received.
3. The electromagnetic wave power-based communication method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, each frame of the receiving end is divided into K slots, and the K slots form a slot set, and the slot set is a slot allocation vector τ, τ ═ { τ ═ τ { (τ) } in the slot set1，τ2，…，τK}; the energy collection efficiency of the receiving end is etaiAnd the optimal energy precoding matrix of the receiving end is jointly determined by the transmitting power of the hybrid access point and the downlink channel.
4. The electromagnetic wave energy-based communication method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the uplink channel transmits the message, the uplink transmission mode is time division multiple access, and the ith user U is the useriHas an information conversion efficiency of mui。
5. The electromagnetic wave power-based communication method according to claim 1, wherein the hybrid access point determines the receiving throughput of the user through mutual information between the access point and the single user and the allocated time slot.
6. The electromagnetic wave power supply-based communication method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the information power distribution matrix Σ of the i-th userp，iSatisfy the constraint power
Figure FDA0002899941880000021
Figure FDA0002899941880000022
The sum information rate function received by the hybrid access point on the uplink channel is expressed as
Figure FDA0002899941880000023
Figure FDA0002899941880000024
Wherein
Figure FDA0002899941880000025
The instantaneous mutual information function for the hybrid access point and user i with respect to the time slot allocation and information power allocation matrices,
Figure FDA0002899941880000026
uploading a signal vector for the user information,
Figure FDA0002899941880000027
Figure FDA0002899941880000028
in order for the hybrid access point to receive the signal vector,
Figure FDA0002899941880000029
and an information rate function Rsum(τ，∑P) Is the sum of mutual information functions of K users in respective time slots.
7. The electromagnetic wave power-based communication method according to claim 6, wherein the mutual information function is defined according to a limited symbol input characteristic of a modulation scheme of a general-purpose digital communication system, the modulation scheme of the general-purpose digital communication system including QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM, 2 FSK.
8. The electromagnetic wave power supply-based communication method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the information power distribution matrix Σ of the i-th userp，iFor the channelThe precoding matrix is subjected to diagonal matrix after SVD decomposition, and a right unitary matrix of the channel precoding matrix is fixed; and the right unitary matrix of the channel precoding matrix is determined by adopting discrete Fourier transform.
9. The electromagnetic wave power-based communication method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the time slot allocation vector τ is determined by an iterative optimization solution.
10. The electromagnetic wave power supply-based communication method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the information power distribution matrix of the user is determined by a gradient descent method; the gradient descent method determines the step size using a back-tracing straight line search method.
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