CN108471118A - Distributed Power Flow controller promotes the effect research method of total transfer capability expectation and power supply reliability - Google Patents
Distributed Power Flow controller promotes the effect research method of total transfer capability expectation and power supply reliability Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
- H02J3/06—Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of effect research methods that Distributed Power Flow controller (DPFC) promotes total transfer capability expectation and power supply reliability, including：Distributed Power Flow control device is included in bulk power grid reliability assessment, structure elucidation is carried out for its distributed serial side, so that it is determined that the operating status and space transfer model of DPFC, each state equilibrium probabilities of DPFC and failure/repair rate can be solved by markoff process.Based on this, the system load flow computation model containing DPFC is established, and proposes it is expected to come with two wide-angle of power supply reliability from section total transfer capability the research method of overall merit DPFC efficiency.The present invention shows through IEEE RTS79 sample calculation analysis：The method can improvement abilities of the effective evaluation DPFC in terms of electric network reliability, DPFC allocation optimum schemes can be determined from reliability perspectives, to for Practical Project provide certain guidance meaning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Power System Flexible field of power transmission, construct the state space metastasis model of DPFC, and in particular to
A kind of analysis DPFC improves total transfer capability and it is expected and the method for power supply reliability efficiency.
Background technology
Nowadays, intelligent grid has become the new trend of world power development, and Flexible AC transmission system
One of the important composition of (flexible AC transmission system, FACTS) as intelligent grid can improve existing
There is the conveying capacity of circuit, and improves the reliability and stability of transmission of electricity rack.
THE UPFC (unified power flow controller, UPFC) is currently to have put into practical work
In journey function the most comprehensively, the flexible FACTS devices of control, but its have take up a large area, equipment fault when need to have a power failure inspection
It repaiies and many deficiencies such as manufacturing cost is high.Therefore, Distributed Power Flow controller (distributed power flow
Controller, DPFC) it comes into being.Compared to UPFC, the topological structure of DPFC is more simple, and series side has distribution
Feature, thus its cost can be greatly reduced, and operation and maintenance will be more convenient.Research report, the device have powerful circuit
Load flow regulation ability, and can largely improve the power quality of operation of power networks.
System reliability refers to the probability that power grid plays its preset function under scheduled time and operating mode.For containing DPFC
Power grid carry out reliability assessment, by quantify DPFC devices to the improvement degree of system reliability, it is reliable power grid can be found
Property weak link, therefore guidance can be provided for Electric Power Network Planning and operation containing DPFC.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that for the defects in the prior art, providing a kind of analysis DPFC improves most
Big ability to transmit electricity it is expected and the method for power supply reliability efficiency.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：To build the state space metastasis model of DPFC,
Analyzing DPFC improves the method for total transfer capability expectation and power supply reliability efficiency, proposes that a kind of Distributed Power Flow controller carries
The optimization method for rising total transfer capability expectation and power supply capacity reliability, specifically includes：
Based on two models, definition
Model one：The operating status and its space transfer model of DPFC；By the DSSC operating statuses point of the series side of DPFC
Analysis and obtain, specifically the operating status of N number of DSSC of DPFC series sides is classified as follows, according to the internal element of DSSC and
Module working condition has：F0, F1, F2 respectively represent stoppage in transit, controllable and autonomic state；Comprehensive parallel connection side normal operation and side in parallel
The variation of DPFC series side DSSC quantity when failure in the case of two kinds, obtains DPFC state space metastasis models；
During model one is established, the 16 state reliability models of DSSC are integrated into the 3 state reduction models of DSSC, by
The equilibrium probability of each state can be obtained in transfer relationship between each operating status, the method based on markoff process, such as formula (1)
It is described：
In formula (1)：pcon,pau,pfauRespectively controllable, autonomous and stoppage in transit state equilibrium probability；pSmFor state SmIt is flat
Steady probability；MSTFor state-transition matrix, for details, see the appendix；16 states exist such as with the dependability parameter in 3 state reliability models
Transformational relation described in formula (2)-(4)：
λca=λt；μac=μt (2)
μfc=(pconλcf+pauλaf)/pfau (4)
In formula (2)-(4)：λtAnd μtFor the failure rate and repair rate of element 8. in 16 state reliability models；
λiFor the failure rate of element i；λcf,λaf,λcaAnd μfc,μacIt the failure rate that is shifted between respectively 3 states and repaiies
Multiple rate；
Model two：Power flow algorithm containing DPFC；Definition：System load flow containing DPFC is solved using DC power flow algorithm
Distribution, Line Flow direction will not be changed by defining DPFC, take no account of reactive power flow constraint and node voltage is out-of-limit；
Also, when for side normal operation in parallel or failure, definition：
Situation one, when side normal operation in parallel, DPFC can realize comprehensive power flow regulate and control, at this time can directly be institute online
Road injecting power；Three operating status concrete conditions that DSSC in model one possesses are：
Under state one, stoppage in transit state (F1=F2=0), DPFC loses its function；
State two fully runs (F1=N), and for the DPFC under the state without any failure, the load flow regulation upper limit is device
Maximum capacity Smax itself；
State three, drop volume operation (F0 ≠ 0 the or of F2 ≠ 0), under the state load flow regulation ability of DPFC will with it is autonomous/
The DSSC quantity of stoppage in transit and change；
Model two builds system load flow equation using power injection model, as described in formula (5)；
Gi=IMi×PL+PDPFC.i+Li (5)
Wherein,
Wherein, Gi is node i generated energy；IMi is the i-th row of node-circuit incidence matrix；PL is Line Flow vector；
PDPFC.iIt is injecting powers of the DPFC in node i, the value is negative at another end node j of circuit where DPFC；Li is node i
Load；δ is node generator rotor angle vector；Xj is the reactance of circuit j；PLl is the trend of circuit l；For the power note of DPFC under ground state
Enter, andFor maximum injection capacity；
Situation two, when side failure in parallel, DPFC, which will be equivalent to DSSC, to be continued to play its function, only by its series side with electricity
Anti- compensation way carries out load flow regulation；Three operating status concrete conditions that DSSC in model one possesses are：
State one, stoppage in transit state (F1=F2=0), series side lose its function；
State two fully runs (F1=N), and series side is capable of providing maximum line reactance cancellation ratio β under the state
max；
State three, drop volume run (F0 ≠ 0 the or of F2 ≠ 0), and the line build-out situation of series side will be with certainly under the state
The DSSC quantity controlling/stop transport and change；
At this point, system load flow equation such as formula (8) is described in model two；
Gi=IMi×PL+Li (8)
Wherein,
Since formula (10) makes PL for the constraint of formula (9)jNonlinear change, therefore need to take following measure that it is linear
Change：When formula (6) is calculated as timing applying equation (11),
And formula (12) is then used when formula (6) is calculated as negative,
In above formula：βlThe reactance compensation rate provided for DSSC；For the cancellation ratio under ground state；For maximum cancellation ratio；
Optimization method includes the following steps：
Step 1：Verification analysis is carried out in IEEE-RTS79 belief systems, and：It is steady for the heat of all transmission lines of electricity
The limit is reduced to 50%；10% is promoted for the active power output upper limit of all generating sets；Select circuit 13-23,11-14,12-
23 and 15-24 forms transmission cross-section, is sending end and receiving end respectively above and below the section, section TTC when not installing FACTS
For 898MW；
Step 2：DPFC improves power supply reliability, and load reduction is being finally reflected for all kinds of dangerous operating statuses of system,
The ability for improving power supply reliability suitable for assessing DPFC establishes meter and the optimal load curtailment model of DPFC, specific as follows：
Object function：
In above formula：ND is load bus set；IEARm is the interrupted energy assessment rate of node m, the bigger representative excision of value
The loss of the load is bigger；LSm is the cutting load amount of node m；
Adoption status enumerative technique carrys out extraction system state, and line fault is enumerated to 2 ranks, unit failure and combined fault piece
It lifts to 3 ranks, is based on above-mentioned model, is accumulated to obtain the index for assessing power supply reliability by State enumeration method；
Step 3：Definition DSSC cell capabilities are 50kVA, and maximum reactance compensation is 20.4%, and DPFC is noted under autonomic state
Enter 25% that power is its capacity, and side failure in parallel by provide 5% reactance compensation；It is solved according to built reliability model
DPFC dependability parameters, to analyze the performance of the power grid containing DPFC；Applying equation 1 obtains 16- state DSSC reliability model parameters, leads to
The parameter that DSSC simplifies 3- state reliability models can be obtained by crossing solution formula (2)-(4)；
Step 4：In order to analyze the efficiency that DPFC promotes total transfer capability expectation and power supply reliability, different installations are chosen
Capacity and device quantity are installed to compare in position, to determine DPFC allocation optimum schemes, specifically include：
Step 4.1, the influence for considering DPFC installation site differences：Selection installs 40MVA's before sequence on 3 circuits
DPFC；In order to highlight the advantage of DPFC, addition UPFC is compared in S-0, the two state reliability models of UPFC of structure；To each
After a scene is assessed, the method that power supply reliability method provides is improved by above-mentioned DPFC and finds out line related parameter；Meanwhile by
Following DPFC promote total transfer capability and it is expected to carry out comparative analysis after the method provided finds out relevant parameter；
When sending end unit output and by end load mode increases by a certain percentage respectively when, section total transfer capability
(total transfercapability, TTC) J (x) is：
Wherein, Pij(x) it is that trend is distributed the active power between sending end S and receiving end R on all interconnections under x；With
The respectively min/max active power output of unit；For the steady upper limit of circuit heat；
Define ETTC be section total transfer capability it is expected (expected total transfer capability,
ETTC), by solving the value, you can the degrees of reliability of the qualitative assessment DPFC on promoting section total transfer capability calculates
Formula is as follows：
In formula (15), S is DPFC operating status set；pDPFC.SThe probability of state S is in for DPFC；JS(x) it is that installation should
The section total transfer capability of state DPFC；
Step 4.2, the influence for considering DPFC installing capacity volume variances：Selection installs DPFC on circuit 2-6 (2), if step-length
It is stepped up DPFC for 5MW and installs capacity, obtains the electric network reliability parameter under different capabilities；
Step 4.3, the influence for considering DPFC device quantity variances：If after the DPFC that circuit 2-6 (2) installs 15MW, electricity
Net reliability still needs to be promoted, then may be selected to install a DPFC with capacity again in suboptimum circuit 10-12 (10).
The present invention shows through IEEE-RTS79 sample calculation analysis：The method can effective evaluation DPFC in electric network reliability side
The improvement ability in face can determine DPFC allocation optimum schemes from reliability perspectives, to provide certain finger for Practical Project
Lead meaning.
Attached drawing table explanation
Fig. 1 is the 16- state reliability models of DSSC.
Fig. 2 is the 3- state reduction models of DSSC.
Fig. 3 is the state space metastasis model of DPFC.
Fig. 4 is the Reliability Evaluation flow of the power grid containing DPFC.
Fig. 5 is the inside composed structure schematic diagram of DSSC.
Fig. 6 is the equilibrium probability of 16- state DSSC reliability models.
Fig. 7 is the dependability parameter of 3- state DSSC models.
Fig. 8 is the electric network reliability comparison (note under FACTS difference installation sites：Base is the case where not installing FACTS；
2-6 (2) in FACTS installation circuits represents 2 end of node that FACTS is arranged in circuit 2-6, and the rest may be inferred for other.).
Fig. 9 is the electric network reliability comparison under DPFC differences installing capacity.
Figure 10 is the electric network reliability comparison under DPFC difference installation numbers.
Figure 11 is the IEAR values of load bus in power grid.
Figure 12 is the failure rate and repair rate of DSSC internal elements.
Figure 13 is state-transition matrix MST。
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to specific example and attached drawing
The present invention will be further described.
One, the Method And Principle of the present invention is introduced first.
DPFC is modeled first, wherein comprising there are two model, definition
Model one：The operating status and its space transfer model of DPFC.By the DSSC operating statuses point of the series side of DPFC
Analysis and obtain, specifically the operating status of N number of DSSC of DPFC series sides is classified as follows, according to the internal element of DSSC and
Module working condition has：F0, F1, F2 respectively represent stoppage in transit, controllable and autonomic state.Comprehensive parallel connection side normal operation and side in parallel
The variation of DPFC series side DSSC quantity when failure in the case of two kinds, obtains DPFC state space metastasis models.
During model one is established, the 16 state reliability models of DSSC are integrated into the 3 state reduction models of DSSC, by
The equilibrium probability of each state can be obtained in transfer relationship between each operating status, the method based on markoff process, such as formula (1)
It is described：
In formula (1)：pcon,pau,pfauRespectively controllable, autonomous and stoppage in transit state equilibrium probability；pSmFor state SmIt is flat
Steady probability；MSTFor state-transition matrix, for details, see the appendix.16 states exist such as with the dependability parameter in 3 state reliability models
Transformational relation described in formula (2)-(4)：
λca=λt；μac=μt (2)
μfc=(pconλcf+pauλaf)/pfau (4)
In formula (2)-(4)：λtAnd μtFor the failure rate and repair rate of element 8. in 16 state reliability models；
λiFor the failure rate of element i；λcf,λaf,λcaAnd μfc,μacIt the failure rate that is shifted between respectively 3 states and repaiies
Multiple rate.
Model two：Power flow algorithm containing DPFC.Definition：System load flow containing DPFC is solved using DC power flow algorithm
Distribution, it is that research point (assumes that DPFC will not change to establish model when modeling that this programme, which is with DPFC effective power flow abilities of regulation and control,
Line Flow direction, takes no account of reactive power flow constraint and node voltage is out-of-limit).
Situation one, when side normal operation in parallel, DPFC can realize comprehensive power flow regulate and control, at this time can directly be institute online
Road injecting power.Three operating status concrete conditions that DSSC in model one possesses are：1. stoppage in transit state (F1=F2=0)
Under, DPFC loses its function；2. fully running (F1=N), without any failure, the load flow regulation upper limit is the DPFC under the state
Device maximum capacity Smax itself；3. the volume of drop runs (F0 ≠ 0 the or of F2 ≠ 0), the load flow regulation ability of DPFC will under the state
It changes with the DSSC quantity of autonomy/stoppage in transit.Model two builds system load flow equation using power injection model, such as
Formula (5) is described.
Gi=IMi×PL+PDPFC.i+Li (5)
Wherein,
In above formula：Gi is node i generated energy；IMi is the i-th row of node-circuit incidence matrix；PL be Line Flow to
Amount；PDPFC.iIt is injecting powers of the DPFC in node i, the value is negative at another end node j of circuit where DPFC；Li is node i
Load；δ is node generator rotor angle vector；Xj is the reactance of circuit j；PLl is the trend of circuit l；For the work(of DPFC under ground state
Rate is injected, andFor maximum injection capacity.
Situation two, when side failure in parallel, DPFC, which will be equivalent to DSSC, to be continued to play its function, only by its series side with electricity
Anti- compensation way carries out load flow regulation.Three operating status concrete conditions that DSSC in model one possesses are：1. state of stopping transport
(F1=F2=0), series side loses its function；2. fully running (F1=N), series side is capable of providing maximum line under the state
Road reactance compensation rate β max；3. the volume of drop operation (F0 ≠ 0 the or of F2 ≠ 0), the line build-out situation of series side will be under the state
It the DSSC quantity of autonomy/stoppage in transit and changes.At this point, system load flow equation such as formula (8) is described in model two.
Gi=IMi×PL+Li (8)
Wherein,
Since formula (10) makes PL for the constraint of formula (9)jNonlinear change, therefore need to take following measure that it is linear
Change：When formula (6) is calculated as timing applying equation (11),
And formula (12) is then used when formula (6) is calculated as negative,
In above formula：βlThe reactance compensation rate provided for DSSC；For the cancellation ratio under ground state；For maximum cancellation ratio.
Improve the method for total transfer capability expectation and power supply reliability efficiency using two models being established above, including
Following steps (the Reliability Evaluation flow of the power grid containing DPFC is shown in annex)：
Step 1：Verification analysis, the data acquisition of the example are carried out to institute's extracting method in IEEE-RTS79 belief systems
And its wiring diagram is shown in document《The system adequacy evaluation and Optimal Allocation Model of the equipment containing flexible AC transmission are studied》, and load
The IEAR values of node.Since the ability to transmit electricity of RTS79 examples is stronger, in order to preferably embody the effect that DPFC promotes electric network reliability
Can, therefore following modification is made to example herein：
1) the steady limit of the heat of all transmission lines of electricity is reduced to 50%.
2) the active power output upper limit of all generating sets promotes 10%.
It selects circuit 13-23,11-14,12-23 and 15-24 to form transmission cross-section, is respectively above and below the section
Sending end and receiving end, section TTC is 898MW when not installing FACTS.
Step 2：DPFC improves power supply reliability.
Load reduction is being finally reflected for all kinds of dangerous operating statuses of system, and it is reliable to be suitable for assessment DPFC raising power supplies
The ability of property.Meter and the optimal load curtailment model of DPFC are established, it is specific as follows：
Object function：
In above formula：ND is load bus set；IEARm is the interrupted energy assessment rate of node m, the bigger representative excision of value
The loss of the load is bigger；LSm is the cutting load amount of node m.
Adoption status enumerative technique carrys out extraction system state, and line fault is enumerated to 2 ranks, unit failure and combined fault piece
It lifts to 3 ranks, is based on above-mentioned model, can be accumulated to obtain the index for assessing power supply reliability by State enumeration method：Lose load
Probability (LOLP) is that 0.1467, load reduction frequency it is expected that (EFLC, occ./yr) is 45.268occ./yr, load is cut down averagely
Duration (ADLC, h/yr) is 28.389h/yr and expected energy not supplied (EENS, MWh/yr) is 86969.28MWh/yr.
Step 3：If DSSC cell capabilities are 50kVA, maximum reactance compensation is 20.4%, and DPFC injects under autonomic state
Power is the 25% of its capacity, and side failure in parallel by provide 5% reactance compensation.It is solved according to built reliability model
DPFC dependability parameters, to analyze the performance of the power grid containing DPFC.The internal component dependability parameter of DSSC is shown in annex, applying equation
1 can obtain 16- state DSSC reliability model parameters, such as Fig. 6.
And the parameter that DSSC simplifies 3- state reliability models, such as Fig. 7 can be obtained by solving formula (2)-(4).
Step 4：In order to analyze the efficiency that DPFC promotes total transfer capability expectation and power supply reliability, different installations are chosen
Capacity and device quantity are installed to compare, to determine DPFC allocation optimum schemes in position.
4.1 consider the influence of DPFC installation site differences
According to document《UPFC is to the sensitivity analysis of electric network reliability and distributes rationally》In the optimal installings of UPFC that provide
Place selects the DPFC (being respectively S-1/2/3) for installing 40MVA on 3 circuits before sequence herein.In order to highlight DPFC's
Advantage, addition UPFC is compared in S-0, selects document《The system adequacy evaluation of the equipment containing flexible AC transmission and optimization
Allocation models is studied》The two state reliability models (availability 93.58%) of UPFC of structure.Each scene is assessed
Afterwards, the method that power supply reliability method provides is improved by above-mentioned DPFC and finds out line related parameter；Meanwhile it being promoted most by following DPFC
Big ability to transmit electricity it is expected to carry out comparative analysis after the method provided finds out relevant parameter.
When sending end unit output and by end load mode increases by a certain percentage respectively when, section total transfer capability
(total transfercapability, TTC) J (x) is：
In above formula：Pij(x) it is that trend is distributed the active power between sending end S and receiving end R on all interconnections under x；WithThe respectively min/max active power output of unit；For the steady upper limit of circuit heat.
Define ETTC be section total transfer capability it is expected (expected total transfer capability,
ETTC), by solving the value, you can the degrees of reliability of the qualitative assessment DPFC on promoting section total transfer capability calculates
Formula is as follows：
In formula (15), S is DPFC operating status set；pDPFC.SThe probability of state S is in for DPFC；JS(x) it is that installation should
The section total transfer capability of state DPFC.Calculated parameters acquired results such as Fig. 8.
Known to Fig. 8, in RTS79 systems after each position installation FACTS, (index other than ADLC changes unobvious
It is more sensitive to the repair rate of system), remaining reliability index of system makes moderate progress, and it is disconnected to show that FACTS can be obviously improved
Face ability to transmit electricity and reduction system loading are cut down.Comparison is it is found that the efficiency that DPFC promotes electric network reliability is better than same capacity
UPFC, this is because DPFC series sides use distribution DSSC structures, therefore device reliability itself is higher.In addition, the ETTC of S-2
The maximum and power supply reliability of S-1 is opposite to be improved more, this illustrates that difference is brought in DPFC differences infield to system reliability
The promotion of degree, therefore reasonable plant-site selection is needed in Practical Project to weigh ability to transmit electricity with efficiency of both power supply reliability.
4.2 consider the influence of DPFC installing capacity volume variances
Selection installs DPFC on circuit 2-6 (2), is stepped up DPFC installing capacity if step-length is 5MW, difference can be obtained
Electric network reliability parameter under capacity, as described in Figure 9.
Analysis it is found that in RTS79 systems suitable position install DPFC when, ETTC with DPFC installing capacity increase and by
It is cumulative big, this is because the ability of its bigger alleviation Congestion of capacity is stronger.Each power supply reliability index is with capacity
Increase and is gradually reduced, this is because load reduction under failure can be reduced by increasing its capacity, and the portion when capacity abundance
Subsystem malfunction can be eliminated.But the variation of each reliability index of system shows saturation trend, illustrates to install capacity
It is not the bigger the better, this is because electric network reliability, which is more than, is limited by DPFC capacity.Accordingly, it is determined that rational DPFC installings are held
Amount also needs to consider the factors such as its economic cost.
4.3 consider the influence of DPFC device quantity variances
If after the DPFC that circuit 2-6 (2) installs 15MW, electric network reliability still needs to be promoted, then may be selected in suboptimum circuit
10-12 (10) installs a DPFC with capacity again, electric network reliability index such as Figure 10 under different device quantity.
It is found that after increasing DPFC quantity, each reliability index makes moderate progress for analysis, compared to separate unit DPFC installations
When, ETTC improves 4.2%, EENS and reduces 6.0%.Therefore, when the separate unit DPFC promotions that cannot be satisfied electric network reliability need
, can be by increasing device quantity come further lifting system reliability when asking, but also need to consider that economy etc. is asked in practice
Topic.
Two, it is below the concrete case for combining the above method.
1. a kind of Distributed Power Flow controller (DPFC) proposed by the present invention is promoted, total transfer capability it is expected and power supply can
By the effect research method of property, specifically：
1.1) the initial reliability model figure established in the Reliability modeling of DPFC, according to each operations of DSSC of its description
Transfer relationship between state, the method [10,20] based on markoff process, can be obtained the equilibrium probability of each state, such as formula (1)
It is described：
State in Fig. 1 is integrated, obtaining 3- state reductions model as shown in Figure 2, (S1-S14 in Fig. 1 is
Stoppage in transit state).
It has illustrated：The dependability parameter of series side DSSC in order to obtain needs to be parsed (knot to its internal structure
Structure schematic diagram annex), internal element [20] has：1. single-phase converter；2. single-turn transformer；3. LC filter modules；4. controlling
Module；5. installation's power source；6. DC capacitor；7. normally closed relay switch；8. communication module.Analysis is it is found that the DSSC of series side is gathered around
There are three operating statuses, is controllable, autonomous respectively and stoppage in transit state.When in controllable state, DSSC can be according to dispatch command
Its reactance compensation rate is adjusted, to be asked according to power grid to regulate and control trend；When communication module (element is 8.) failure of DSSC, turn
It is run for autonomy, the DSSC under the state is no longer controllable, but still is able to carry out compensated line reactance with preset value；And when element 1.-
7. in when any one failure, DSSC enters stoppage in transit state, and the DSSC under the state will lose its function completely.Accordingly, it establishes
The 16- states reliability model (abbreviation model 1) of DSSC.
Through analysis it is found that the dependability parameter in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 has the transformational relation as described in formula (2)-(4)：
λca=λt；μac=μt (2)
μfc=(pconλcf+pauλaf)/pfau (4)
In formula (2)-(4)：λtAnd μtFor the failure rate and repair rate of element 8.；λiFor the failure rate of element i；λcf,λaf,λca
And μfc,μacThe failure rate and repair rate shifted between respectively 3 states.
1.2) DPFC operating statuses and space transfer model
Series side reliability model based on foundation, and the fault condition of meter and DPFC parallel connections side, can be by DPFC (series sides
Containing N number of DSSC) operating status carry out as follows classification (F0, F1 and F2 respectively represent stoppages in transit, controllably and autonomic state DSSC numbers
Amount)：
1.2.1) when side normal operation in parallel, DPFC can realize that comprehensive power flow regulates and controls, at this time can be directly online for institute
Road injecting power.1. under stoppage in transit state (F1=F2=0), DPFC loses its function；2. fully (F1=N) is run, under the state
DPFC without any failure, the load flow regulation upper limit is device maximum capacity Smax itself；3. the volume of drop runs the (or of F2 ≠ 0 F0
≠ 0), the load flow regulation ability of DPFC will change with the DSSC quantity of autonomy/stoppage in transit under the state.
1.2.2) when side failure in parallel, DPFC only carries out load flow regulation by its series side in a manner of reactance compensation.
1. stoppage in transit state (F1=F2=0), series side lose its function；2. fully running (F1=N), connect under the state
Side is capable of providing maximum line reactance cancellation ratio β max；3. the volume of drop runs (F0 ≠ 0 the or of F2 ≠ 0), series side under the state
Line build-out situation will change with the DSSC quantity of autonomy/stoppage in transit.
To sum up, the space transfer model (abbreviation model 3) of DPFC is obtained.It particularly points out：Contain λ in modelshAnd μsh, point
Not Wei side in parallel failure rate and repair rate.
2 DPFC promote the efficiency estimation method of total transfer capability expectation and power supply reliability
DPFC by flexible modulation Line Flow, on the one hand can the total transfer capability of lifting region discontinuity surface it is expected, separately
On the one hand the load being avoided as much as under all kinds of failures is cut down, to improve power supply reliability.
2.1) power flow algorithm containing DPFC
Since what is studied herein is DPFC effective power flow abilities of regulation and control, therefore it is containing DPFC to solve using DC power flow algorithm
The distribution of system trend (assumes that DPFC will not change Line Flow direction) when modeling, this method takes no account of reactive power flow constraint and node
Voltage out-of-limit.
2.1.1) when side normal operation in parallel, DPFC can comprehensive regulation Line Flow, therefore use power injection model
System load flow equation is built, as described in the formula (5).
Gi=IMi×PL+PDPFC.i+Li (5)
Wherein,
In above formula：Gi is node i generated energy；IMi is the i-th row of node-circuit incidence matrix；PL be Line Flow to
Amount；PDPFC.iIt is injecting powers of the DPFC in node i, the value is negative at another end node j of circuit where DPFC；Li is node i
Load；δ is node generator rotor angle vector；Xj is the reactance of circuit j；PLl is the trend of circuit l；For the work(of DPFC under ground state
Rate is injected, andFor maximum injection capacity.
2.1.2) when side failure in parallel, DPFC, which will be equivalent to DSSC, to be continued to play its function, can pass through compensated line electricity
Resist to realize load flow regulation, system load flow equation such as formula (8) is described at this time.
Gi=IMi×PL+Li (8)
Wherein,
Since formula (10) makes PL for the constraint of formula (9)jNonlinear change, therefore need to take following measure that it is linear
Change：When formula (6) is calculated as timing applying equation (11),
And formula (12) is then used when formula (6) is calculated as negative,
In above formula：βlThe reactance compensation rate provided for DSSC；For the cancellation ratio under ground state；For maximum cancellation ratio.
2.2) DPFC promotes total transfer capability and it is expected
When sending end unit output and by end load mode increases by a certain percentage respectively when, section total transfer capability
(total transfercapability, TTC) J (x) is：
In above formula：Pij(x) it is that trend is distributed the active power between sending end S and receiving end R on all interconnections under x；WithThe respectively min/max active power output of unit；For the steady upper limit of circuit heat.
Define ETTC be section total transfer capability it is expected (expected total transfer capability,
ETTC), by solving the value, you can the degrees of reliability of the qualitative assessment DPFC on promoting section total transfer capability calculates
Formula is as follows：
In formula (15), S is DPFC operating status set；pDPFC.SThe probability of state S is in for DPFC；JS(x) it is that installation should
The section total transfer capability of state DPFC.
2.3) DPFC improves power supply reliability
Load reduction is being finally reflected for all kinds of dangerous operating statuses of system, and it is reliable to be suitable for assessment DPFC raising power supplies
The ability of property.Meter and the optimal load curtailment model of DPFC are established, it is specific as follows：
Object function：
In above formula：ND is load bus set；IEARm is the interrupted energy assessment rate of node m, the bigger representative excision of value
The loss of the load is bigger；LSm is the cutting load amount of node m.
Based on above-mentioned model, can accumulate to obtain the index for assessing power supply reliability by State enumeration method [22]
[23]：Load-loss probability (LOLP), load cut down frequency and it is expected that (EFLC, occ./yr), load cut down average duration
(ADLC, h/yr) and expected energy not supplied (EENS, MWh/yr)
Therefore, the Reliability Evaluation flow of the power grid containing DPFC can be obtained.
3. verification analysis is carried out to institute's extracting method in IEEE-RTS79 belief systems, due to the transmission of electricity of RTS79 examples
Ability is stronger, in order to preferably embody the efficiency that DPFC promotes electric network reliability,
Therefore following modification is made to example herein：
1) the steady limit of the heat of all transmission lines of electricity is reduced to 50%.2) the active power output upper limit of all generating sets is promoted
10%.
It selects circuit 13-23,11-14,12-23 and 15-24 to form transmission cross-section, is respectively above and below the section
Sending end and receiving end, section TTC is 898MW when not installing FACTS.Adoption status enumerative technique carrys out extraction system state, by circuit event
Barrier is enumerated to 2 ranks, and unit failure and combined fault are enumerated to 3 ranks, and the annualized finger of original Initial R TS79 examples can must be obtained
Mark：LOLP is 0.1467；EFLC is 45.268occ./yr；ADLC is 28.389h/yr；EENS is 86969.28MWh/yr.
If DSSC cell capabilities are 50kVA, maximum reactance compensation is 20.4%, and DPFC injecting powers are under autonomic state
The 25% of its capacity, and when side failure in parallel by provide 5% reactance compensation.
3.1) DPFC reliability models result of calculation
DPFC dependability parameters are solved according to built reliability model, to analyze the performance of the power grid containing DPFC.
And the parameter that DSSC simplifies 3- state reliability models can be obtained by solving formula (2)-(4).
3.2) the Performance Evaluation analysis of the power grid containing DPFC
In order to analyze DPFC promoted total transfer capability it is expected and power supply reliability efficiency, choose different installation sites,
Capacity and device quantity are installed to compare, to determine DPFC allocation optimum schemes.
3.2.1) the influence of DPFC installation sites difference
According to the optimal installing places UPFC that document [16] provides, select to install on 3 circuits before sequence herein
The DPFC (being respectively S-1/2/3) of 40MVA.In order to highlight the advantage of DPFC, addition UPFC is compared in S-0, selects document
[23] the two state reliability models (availability 93.58%) of UPFC built.After assessing each scene, tied by gained
After fruit is it is found that each position installs FACTS in RTS79 systems, (reparation of the index to system other than ADLC changes unobvious
Rate is more sensitive), remaining reliability index of system makes moderate progress, show FACTS can be obviously improved section ability to transmit electricity and
System loading is reduced to cut down.Comparison it is found that the efficiency that DPFC promotes electric network reliability is better than the UPFC of same capacity, this is because
DPFC series sides use distribution DSSC structures, therefore device reliability itself is higher.In addition, the ETTC of S-2 is maximum and the confession of S-1
Electric reliability is opposite to be improved more, this illustrates that DPFC differences infield brings different degrees of promotion to system reliability, therefore
Reasonable plant-site selection is needed in Practical Project to weigh ability to transmit electricity with efficiency of both power supply reliability.
3.2.2) DPFC installs the influence of capacity volume variance
Selection installs DPFC on circuit 2-6 (2), is stepped up DPFC installing capacity if step-length is 5MW, difference can be obtained
Electric network reliability calculating under capacity refers to.Analysis it is found that in RTS79 systems suitable position install DPFC when, ETTC with
DPFC installing capacity increases and gradually increases, this is because the ability of its bigger alleviation Congestion of capacity is stronger.Each power supply
Reliability index is gradually reduced as capacity increases, and is cut down this is because increasing the load that its capacity can reduce under failure
Amount, and partial system failure state can be eliminated when capacity abundance.But the variation of each reliability index of system show it is full
And trend, illustrate that installing capacity is not the bigger the better, this is because electric network reliability, which is more than, is limited by DPFC capacity.Therefore,
Determine that rational DPFC installings capacity also needs to consider the factors such as its economic cost.
3.2.3) the influence of DPFC devices quantity variance
If after the DPFC that circuit 2-6 (2) installs 15MW, electric network reliability still needs to be promoted, then may be selected in suboptimum circuit
10-12 (10) installs a DPFC with capacity again, obtains the electric network reliability index under different device quantity.Analysis it is found that
After increasing DPFC quantity, each reliability index makes moderate progress, and when compared to separate unit DPFC installations, ETTC improves 4.2%,
EENS reduces 6.0%.It therefore, can be by increasing device when separate unit DPFC cannot be satisfied the promotion demand of electric network reliability
Quantity come further lifting system reliability, but in practice also need consider economy the problems such as.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Distributed Power Flow controller promotes the optimization method of total transfer capability expectation and power supply capacity reliability, special
Sign is, is based on two models, definition
Model one：The operating status and its space transfer model of DPFC；By the DSSC running state analysis of the series side of DPFC
, specifically the operating status of N number of DSSC of DPFC series sides is classified as follows, according to the internal element and module of DSSC
Working condition has：F0, F1, F2 respectively represent stoppage in transit, controllable and autonomic state；Comprehensive parallel connection side normal operation and side in parallel failure
When two kinds in the case of DPFC series side DSSC quantity variation, obtain DPFC state space metastasis models；
During model one is established, the 16 state reliability models of DSSC are integrated into the 3 state reduction models of DSSC, by each fortune
The equilibrium probability of each state can be obtained in transfer relationship between row state, the method based on markoff process, as described in formula (1)：
In formula (1)：pcon,pau,pfauRespectively controllable, autonomous and stoppage in transit state equilibrium probability；pSmFor state SmIt is steady general
Rate；MSTFor state-transition matrix, for details, see the appendix；16 states exist with the dependability parameter in 3 state reliability models such as formula
(2) transformational relation described in-(4)：
λca=λt；μac=μt (2)
μfc=(pconλcf+pauλaf)/pfau (4)
In formula (2)-(4)：λtAnd μtFor the failure rate and repair rate of element 8. in 16 state reliability models；λiFor the event of element i
Barrier rate；λcf,λaf,λcaAnd μfc,μacThe failure rate and repair rate shifted between respectively 3 states；
Model two：Power flow algorithm containing DPFC；Definition：System load flow containing DPFC point is solved using DC power flow algorithm
Cloth, Line Flow direction will not be changed by defining DPFC, take no account of reactive power flow constraint and node voltage is out-of-limit；
Also, when for side normal operation in parallel or failure, definition：
Situation one, when side normal operation in parallel, DPFC can realize comprehensive power flow regulate and control, at this time can directly be place circuit note
Enter power；Three operating status concrete conditions that DSSC in model one possesses are：
Under state one, stoppage in transit state (F1=F2=0), DPFC loses its function；
State two fully runs (F1=N), and for the DPFC under the state without any failure, the load flow regulation upper limit is device itself
Maximum capacity Smax；
State three, drop volume run (F0 ≠ 0 F2 ≠ 0or), and the load flow regulation ability of DPFC will be with autonomy/stoppage in transit under the state
DSSC quantity and change；
Model two builds system load flow equation using power injection model, as described in formula (5)；
Gi=IMi×PL+PDPFC.i+Li (5)
Wherein,
Wherein, Gi is node i generated energy；IMi is the i-th row of node-circuit incidence matrix；PL is Line Flow vector；PDPFC.i
It is injecting powers of the DPFC in node i, the value is negative at another end node j of circuit where DPFC；Li is the load of node i；δ
For node generator rotor angle vector；Xj is the reactance of circuit j；PLl is the trend of circuit l；It is injected for the power of DPFC under ground state, andFor maximum injection capacity；
Situation two, when side failure in parallel, DPFC, which will be equivalent to DSSC, to be continued to play its function, is only mended with reactance by its series side
The mode of repaying carries out load flow regulation；Three operating status concrete conditions that DSSC in model one possesses are：
State one, stoppage in transit state (F1=F2=0), series side lose its function；
State two fully runs (F1=N), and series side is capable of providing maximum line reactance cancellation ratio β max under the state；
State three, drop volume operation (F0 ≠ 0 F2 ≠ 0or), under the state line build-out situation of series side will with it is autonomous/stop
The DSSC quantity of fortune and change；
At this point, system load flow equation such as formula (8) is described in model two；
Gi=IMi×PL+Li (8)
Wherein,
Since formula (10) makes PL for the constraint of formula (9)jNonlinear change, therefore following measure need to be taken to be linearized：Work as formula
(6) it is calculated as timing applying equation (11),
And formula (12) is then used when formula (6) is calculated as negative,
In above formula：βlThe reactance compensation rate provided for DSSC；For the cancellation ratio under ground state；For maximum cancellation ratio；
Optimization method includes the following steps：
Step 1：Verification analysis is carried out in IEEE-RTS79 belief systems, and：For the steady limit of heat of all transmission lines of electricity
It is reduced to 50%；10% is promoted for the active power output upper limit of all generating sets；Select circuit 13-23,11-14,12-23 and
15-24 forms transmission cross-section, is sending end and receiving end respectively above and below the section, section TTC is when not installing FACTS
898MW；
Step 2：DPFC improves power supply reliability, and load reduction is being finally reflected for all kinds of dangerous operating statuses of system, is applicable in
The ability of power supply reliability is improved in assessment DPFC, establishes meter and the optimal load curtailment model of DPFC, it is specific as follows：
Object function：
In above formula：ND is load bus set；IEARm is the interrupted energy assessment rate of node m, and it is negative that the bigger representative of value cuts off this
The loss of lotus is bigger；LSm is the cutting load amount of node m；
Adoption status enumerative technique carrys out extraction system state, and line fault is enumerated to 2 ranks, unit failure and combined fault enumerate to
3 ranks are based on above-mentioned model, are accumulated to obtain the index for assessing power supply reliability by State enumeration method；
Step 3：Definition DSSC cell capabilities are 50kVA, and maximum reactance compensation is 20.4%, and DPFC injects work(under autonomic state
Rate is the 25% of its capacity, and side failure in parallel by provide 5% reactance compensation；DPFC is solved according to built reliability model
Dependability parameter, to analyze the performance of the power grid containing DPFC；Applying equation 1 obtains 16- state DSSC reliability model parameters, by asking
Solution formula (2)-(4) can obtain the parameter that DSSC simplifies 3- state reliability models；
Step 4：In order to analyze the efficiency that DPFC promotes total transfer capability expectation and power supply reliability, different installation positions are chosen
It sets, install capacity and device quantity to compare, to determine DPFC allocation optimum schemes, specifically include：
Step 4.1, the influence for considering DPFC installation site differences：Selection installs 40MVA's before sequence on 3 circuits
DPFC；In order to highlight the advantage of DPFC, addition UPFC is compared in S-0, the two state reliability models of UPFC of structure；To each
After a scene is assessed, the method that power supply reliability method provides is improved by above-mentioned DPFC and finds out line related parameter；Meanwhile by
Following DPFC promote total transfer capability and it is expected to carry out comparative analysis after the method provided finds out relevant parameter；
When sending end unit output and by end load mode increases by a certain percentage respectively when, section total transfer capability (total
Transfercapability, TTC) J (x) is：
Wherein, Pij(x) it is that trend is distributed the active power between sending end S and receiving end R on all interconnections under x；WithRespectively
For the min/max active power output of unit；For the steady upper limit of circuit heat；
It is that section total transfer capability it is expected (expected total transfer capability, ETTC) to define ETTC,
By solving the value, you can the degrees of reliability of the qualitative assessment DPFC on promoting section total transfer capability, calculating formula are as follows：
In formula (15), S is DPFC operating status set；pDPFC.SThe probability of state S is in for DPFC；JS(x) it is that the state is installed
The section total transfer capability of DPFC；
Step 4.2, the influence for considering DPFC installing capacity volume variances：Selection installs DPFC on circuit 2-6 (2), if step-length is 5MW
It is stepped up DPFC installing capacity, obtains the electric network reliability parameter under different capabilities；
Step 4.3, the influence for considering DPFC device quantity variances：If after the DPFC that circuit 2-6 (2) installs 15MW, power grid can
It still needs to be promoted by property, then may be selected to install a DPFC with capacity again in suboptimum circuit 10-12 (10).
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| CN114552588A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-05-27 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Control protection method and system under distributed power flow controller submodule fault |
| CN115456466A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-12-09 | 东南大学溧阳研究院 | DSSC (direct sequence digital subscriber identity) optimal configuration method for improving bearing capacity of new energy power grid |
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