CN108470987B - Half-wave conductor array and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Half-wave conductor array and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108470987B CN108470987B CN201810224794.8A CN201810224794A CN108470987B CN 108470987 B CN108470987 B CN 108470987B CN 201810224794 A CN201810224794 A CN 201810224794A CN 108470987 B CN108470987 B CN 108470987B
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0093—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices having a fractal shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/12—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism functioning also as polarisation filter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
Abstract
The present invention relates to a half-wave conductor array. The half-wave conductor array comprises a plurality of basic units which are spliced together so that the ratio of the equivalent electrical length of the half-wave conductor array to the half wavelength is 0.8-1.2, the length direction of the half-wave conductor array is parallel to the linear polarization direction of the antenna, so that induced current generated on the half-wave conductor array can form circulation. The half-wave conductor array can convert weak electromagnetic far field in the plane range into strong electromagnetic near field. The invention also provides a construction method of the half-wave conductor array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a half-wave conductor array and a construction method thereof.
Background
The electromagnetic field (electromagnetic field) is a physical field generated by a charged object. A charged object in an electromagnetic field will experience the force of the electromagnetic field. The interaction between an electromagnetic field and a charged object (charge or current) can be described by maxwell's equations and lorentz force law. Electromagnetic radiation maxwell's equations show that not only does a change in magnetic field generate an electric field, but that a change in electric field also generates a magnetic field. Under the interaction, the time-varying field generates electromagnetic radiation, namely electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave propagates from the field source to the surrounding at the speed of light, and there is a corresponding time lag phenomenon in space according to the distance from the field source. Electromagnetic waves are also an important feature in that their field vectors have a component that is inversely proportional to the distance from the field source to the viewpoint. The components being spatially propagated the attenuation is much smaller than the constant field.
According to the poynting theorem, electromagnetic waves carry energy in propagation, can be used as a carrier of information. This opens the way for radio communication, broadcast, television, remote sensing, etc. Currently, half-wave conductor arrays are often used to generate electromagnetic fields. However, the half-wave conductor array is not capable of converting weak electromagnetic far field in the planar range into strong magnetic near field without blind area.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a half-wave conductor array capable of converting weak electromagnetic far field in a planar range into strong electromagnetic near field and a construction method thereof.
The half-wave conductor array comprises a plurality of basic units which are spliced together to enable the ratio of the equivalent electric length of the half-wave conductor array to the half wavelength to be 0.8-1.2, and the length direction of the half-wave conductor array is parallel to the linear polarization direction of an antenna so that induced current generated on the half-wave conductor array can form circulation.
In one embodiment, the half-wave conductor array has an equivalent electrical length equal to a half wavelength.
In one embodiment, the plane area where the basic unit is located is a square area, and the length direction of the basic unit is the diagonal direction of the square area.
In one embodiment, the length directions of the plurality of basic units are parallel to each other, and the basic units are arranged in mirror symmetry with any adjacent basic unit after rotating by 90 degrees.
In one embodiment, the length directions of every two adjacent basic units are mutually perpendicular, every two adjacent basic units are arranged in mirror symmetry along the first direction, the positions of every two adjacent basic units are rotated by 90 degrees relatively along the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are mutually perpendicular.
In one embodiment, the half-wave conductor array has a rectangular footprint.
In one embodiment, the linear polarization direction of the antenna is coincident with the length direction of the half-wave conductor array.
Construction of half-wave conductor array the construction method comprises the following steps:
determining and providing a half-wave conductor array according to the result of simulation of the half-wave conductor array so that the ratio of the equivalent electrical length of the half-wave conductor array to the half-wavelength is 0.8-1.2; and
and arranging the half-wave conductor array corresponding to the antenna, so that the length direction of the half-wave conductor array is parallel to the linear polarization direction of the antenna.
In one embodiment, the half-wave conductor array includes a plurality of basic units spliced together, and the step of determining and providing the half-wave conductor array according to the result of simulation of the half-wave conductor array includes:
exciting the half-wave conductor array with an antenna to cause an induced current to be generated on the half-wave conductor array;
the plurality of basic units are expanded or contracted in an equal proportion and the induced current value on the half-wave conductor array is detected at the same time, so that the basic unit at the center position has the maximum value of the induced current value, the actual size of each basic unit is changed, and the equivalent electric length of the half-wave conductor is still half wavelength through the mutual coupling effect among the basic units.
In one embodiment, the plane area where the basic unit is located is a square area, and the length direction of the basic unit is the diagonal direction of the square area.
In the above half-wave conductor array, since the equivalent electrical length of the basic unit is equal to half wavelength, and the linear polarization direction of the antenna is parallel to the length direction of the basic unit, the induced current amplitude at the center of the basic unit is maximum, and the magnetic field generated by the electric field of the basic unit shows obvious ferromagnetic near field characteristics without blind areas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a basic unit of a half-wave conductor array according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the direction of the induced current on the basic cell shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the amplitude distribution of the induced current on the basic cell shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of magnetic field intensity at 5 mm in the direction of the plane normal of the basic unit shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 5A to 5C are schematic plan views showing the sense current directions of three half-wave conductor arrays.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of magnetic field intensity at 5 mm in the direction of the plane normal of the half-wave conductor array shown in fig. 5B.
Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of a half-wave conductor array according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more complete description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
For example, the present invention provides a half-wave conductor array. The half-wave conductor array comprises a plurality of basic units which are spliced together so that the equivalent electrical length of the half-wave conductor array is equal to or similar to half wavelength, for example, within 0.8-1.2, and the length direction of the half-wave conductor array is parallel to the linear polarization direction of the antenna, so that induced current generated on the half-wave conductor array can form circulation. Preferably, the equivalent electrical length of the half-wave conductor array is equal to half wavelength.
For example, in a specific embodiment, the planar area where the base unit is located is a square area. The length direction of the basic unit is the diagonal direction of the square area. The length directions of the basic units are parallel to each other, and the basic units are arranged in mirror symmetry with any adjacent basic unit after rotating for 90 degrees. The length directions of every two adjacent basic units are mutually perpendicular, every two adjacent basic units are arranged in mirror symmetry along the first direction, the positions of every two adjacent basic units are rotated by 90 degrees relatively along the second direction, and the first direction is mutually perpendicular to the second direction. The coverage area of the half-wave conductor array is rectangular. The linear polarization direction of the antenna is parallel to, for example, coincident with, the length direction of the half-wave conductor array.
For example, the present invention also provides a method for constructing a half-wave conductor array, the method comprising the steps of: determining and providing a half-wave conductor array according to the result of simulation of the half-wave conductor array, so that the equivalent electrical length and half-wavelength of the half-wave conductor are within 0.8-1.2; and arranging the half-wave conductor array and the antenna correspondingly, so that the length direction of the half-wave conductor array is parallel to the linear polarization direction of the antenna. Preferably, the equivalent electrical length of the half-wave conductor array is equal to half wavelength.
For example, the half-wave conductor array includes a plurality of basic units spliced together, and the step of determining and providing the half-wave conductor array according to the result of simulation of the half-wave conductor array includes: exciting the half-wave conductor array with an antenna to cause an induced current to be generated on the half-wave conductor array; the plurality of basic units are expanded or contracted in an equal proportion and the induced current value on the half-wave conductor array is detected at the same time, so that the basic unit at the center position has the maximum value of the induced current value, the actual size of each basic unit is changed, and the equivalent electric length of the half-wave conductor is still half wavelength through the mutual coupling effect among the basic units. For example, the plane area where the basic unit is located is a square area, and the length direction of the basic unit is the diagonal direction of the square area.
In the above half-wave conductor array, since the equivalent electrical length of the basic unit is equal to half wavelength, and the linear polarization direction of the antenna is parallel to the length direction of the basic unit, the induced current amplitude at the center of the basic unit is maximum, and the magnetic field generated by the electric field of the basic unit shows obvious ferromagnetic near field characteristics without blind areas.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the half-wave conductor array, a base unit 100 is disposed adjacent to a dipole antenna corresponding to the base unit, the equivalent electrical length of the base unit 100 is equal to a half wavelength, and a linear polarization direction of the dipole antenna is disposed parallel to a length direction of the base unit 100, so that an induced current generated on the base unit 100 can form a circulation. The induced currents are substantially equal throughout the base unit 100 and are distributed more evenly. The magnetic field generated by the induced current is distributed uniformly in the space where the unit is located.
In the above-mentioned half-wave conductor array, since the equivalent electrical length of the basic unit 100 is equal to half wavelength, and the linear polarization direction of the dipole antenna is parallel to the length direction of the basic unit 100, the induced current amplitude at the center of the basic unit 100 is the maximum, please refer to fig. 3, wherein the direction indicated by the open arrow is the current direction. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 shows the magnetic field intensity along the normal direction of the plane at a position 5 mm away from the base unit, which is generated by the current induced by the base unit 100, and the magnetic field in the middle black region of the drawing shows a strong magnetic near field characteristic without a dead zone.
For example, in order to facilitate the arrangement of the base unit 100, the plane area where the base unit 100 is located is a square area. The length direction of the basic unit 100 is the diagonal direction of the square region. The sides of the square areas are 40 mm long. Because the plane of the basic unit 100 covers the square area, that is, the peripheral outline of the basic unit 100 is square, the basic unit 100 can be designed by adopting a common structure, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the method is convenient and easy to implement.
For example, the construction method of the basic unit comprises the following steps: arranging a basic unit 100 of a half-wave conductor array corresponding to a dipole antenna, and enabling the length direction of the basic unit 100 to be parallel to the linear polarization direction of the dipole antenna; exciting the base unit 100 with the dipole antenna to cause an induced current to be generated on the base unit 100; scaling up or down the basic unit 100 and simultaneously detecting the induced current value on the basic unit 100; and determining a maximum value of the induced current value and acquiring a corresponding basic unit 100. By expanding or contracting the basic unit 100 in equal proportion and simultaneously detecting the induced current value on the basic unit 100, the basic unit 100 having the equivalent electrical length equal to half wavelength can be simply and easily obtained, so that the basic unit 100 can be manufactured more easily, and the size of the basic unit 100 can be determined more accurately. For example, a half-wave conductor array comprising a plurality of basic cells of the half-wave conductor array as described above, the plurality of basic cells 100 being spliced together such that a main current on the half-wave conductor array forms an eddy current.
In the schematic plan view of the conventional half-wave conductor array shown in fig. 5A, the main induced currents formed by the four basic units 100 of the array under the excitation of the dipole antenna are in the same direction, which causes the magnetic fields at the central positions of the four basic units to cancel each other out, resulting in a dead zone. In the diagrams shown in fig. 5B and 7, the plane area where the basic unit 100 is located is a square area, and the length direction of the basic unit 100 is the diagonal direction of the square area. The plurality of basic units 100 are parallel to each other in the length direction, and the basic units 100 are arranged in mirror symmetry with any adjacent basic unit 100 after being rotated by 90 degrees. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the magnetic field strength along the normal direction of a plane 5 mm from the half-wave conductor array of FIG. 5B generated by the induced current of the half-wave conductor array. The induced magnetic field generated in the drawing shows a strong magnetic near field characteristic of almost no blind area in the whole coverage.
As another example, as shown in fig. 5C, in a schematic plan view of another half-wave conductor array, the length directions of every two adjacent basic units 100 are perpendicular to each other, every two adjacent basic units 100 are mirror-symmetrical to each other along a first direction, the positions of every two adjacent basic units 100 are rotated by 90 degrees along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
As another example, in one embodiment, the basic unit of the planar structure of the half-wave conductor array distribution proposed by the present invention is a half-wave conductor structure. It must meet the following conditions:
(1) The equivalent electrical length is approximately half a wavelength;
(2) Under the excitation of a standard dipole antenna with the linear polarization direction consistent with the length direction of the half-wave conductor structure, the generated induced current is uniformly distributed on the plane of the unit, and can form a circular current;
the magnetic field generated by the induced current is distributed uniformly in the space where the unit is located.
Wherein condition (1) can also be described in another way that is easier to direct the design, namely: the conductor structure is expanded or contracted in equal proportion, and the equivalent electrical length of the conductor structure is equal to half wavelength when the central induced current amplitude of the conductor structure is maximum under the excitation of a standard dipole antenna with the linear polarization direction consistent with the length direction of the conductor structure.
Fig. 1 shows a half-wave conductor basic cell, which covers a square area with a side length a. The arrow direction is the length direction thereof. Through simulation calculation, when the central induction current amplitude of the conductor structure is maximum under the irradiation of the standard dipole antenna with the linear polarization direction consistent with the length direction of the conductor structure, a is equal to 40 mm. The current direction is shown by the hollow arrow in fig. 2, and the current amplitude distribution over the half-wave conductor structure is shown in fig. 3.
As can be seen from the figure, the induced current generated is distributed more uniformly on the plane of the unit, and two larger circular currents are formed. Fig. 4 depicts the magnetic field strength in the direction of the normal to the plane, generated by the half-wave conductor induced current, at a distance of 5 mm from the half-wave conductor element. The magnetic field in the middle black region of the figure shows a pronounced strong magnetic near field characteristic.
The arrangement of the half-wave conductor basic cells in an array is required to follow the principle of forming as much as possible a vortex of the main current. The main induced currents formed by the four cells of the array of fig. 5A under the excitation of the dipole antenna are in the same direction, which causes the magnetic fields at the central positions thereof to cancel each other out, creating a dead zone. The four cells of the array of fig. 5B form a plurality of small eddy currents in the array range by adjusting the conductor routing. The four cells of the array of fig. 5C can form a large eddy current of the main induced current when excited by two dipole antennas with mutually perpendicular polarization directions. The latter two array layout modes can form vortex, and can be selected in practical use. Any array of half-wave conductors formed following the principle of forming as much as possible an eddy current in the main current should be protected by this patent.
Fig. 6 depicts the magnetic field strength in a plane 5 mm from the array and along the normal to the plane, resulting from the induced current of the half-wave conductor array shown in fig. 5B. The induced magnetic field in the figure shows a strong magnetic near field characteristic that the whole coverage has almost no dead zone.
By adopting the half-wave conductor basic unit and the array arrangement method, the outline of the area of the strong magnetic near field can be converted according to the requirement to form a half-wave conductor array plane. For example, a half-wave conductor array plane as shown in fig. 7 can convert the weak electromagnetic far field within the range of a circular dotted line into a strong electromagnetic near field without dead space. Any number of half-wave conductor array planes of any overall shape should be protected by this patent.
Finally, the half-wave conductors in the array are made in a variety of ways. Can be cut directly from sheet metal; unwanted portions may be etched away from the entire sheet of metal film; or can be directly formed by printing. The half-wave conductor array plane, which is made in any way, is within the scope of protection of this patent.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above embodiments represent only a few embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The half-wave conductor array is characterized by comprising a plurality of basic units, wherein the basic units are spliced together so that the ratio of the equivalent electric length of the half-wave conductor array to the half-wavelength is 0.8-1.2, the length direction of the half-wave conductor array is arranged in parallel with the linear polarization direction of an antenna, induced current generated on the half-wave conductor array can form a circular current, and the shape of the half-wave conductor array is a bending structure;
the length directions of every two adjacent basic units are mutually perpendicular, every two adjacent basic units are arranged in mirror symmetry along a first direction, the positions of every two adjacent basic units are rotated by 90 degrees relatively along a second direction, and the first direction is mutually perpendicular to the second direction;
the construction method of the half-wave conductor array comprises the following steps:
determining and providing a half-wave conductor array according to the result of simulation of the half-wave conductor array so that the ratio of the equivalent electrical length of the half-wave conductor array to the half-wavelength is 0.8-1.2; and
arranging the half-wave conductor array and the antenna correspondingly, so that the length direction of the half-wave conductor array is parallel to the linear polarization direction of the antenna;
the half-wave conductor array comprises a plurality of basic units which are spliced together, and the step of determining and providing the half-wave conductor array according to the result of simulating the half-wave conductor array comprises the following steps:
exciting the half-wave conductor array with an antenna to cause an induced current to be generated on the half-wave conductor array;
the plurality of basic units are expanded or contracted in an equal proportion and the induced current value on the half-wave conductor array is detected at the same time, so that the basic unit at the center position has the maximum value of the induced current value, the actual size of each basic unit is changed, and the equivalent electric length of the half-wave conductor is still half wavelength through the mutual coupling effect among the basic units.
2. The array of half-wave conductors of claim 1, wherein the equivalent electrical length of the array of half-wave conductors is equal to a half wavelength.
3. The half-wave conductor array of claim 1, wherein the planar area in which the basic cells are located is a square area, and the length direction of the basic cells is a diagonal direction of the square area.
4. The half-wave conductor array according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of basic cells are each parallel to each other in the length direction, and the basic cells are each arranged in mirror symmetry with any of the neighboring basic cells after being rotated by 90 degrees.
5. The half-wave conductor array of claim 1, wherein the footprint of the half-wave conductor array is rectangular.
6. The half-wave conductor array according to claim 1, wherein a linear polarization direction of the antenna is arranged coincident with a length direction of the half-wave conductor array.
7. The half-wave conductor array of claim 1, wherein the planar area in which the basic cells are located is a square area, and the length direction of the basic cells is a diagonal direction of the square area.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810224794.8A CN108470987B (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | Half-wave conductor array and construction method thereof |
| PCT/CN2018/101485 WO2019179015A1 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-08-21 | Half-wave conductor array and construction method therefor |
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| CN201810224794.8A CN108470987B (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | Half-wave conductor array and construction method thereof |
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| WO (1) | WO2019179015A1 (en) |
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| CN108470987A (en) | 2018-08-31 |
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