CN108469587B - Method for cracking of prefabricated ultrasonic motor stator ceramic chip - Google Patents
Method for cracking of prefabricated ultrasonic motor stator ceramic chip Download PDFInfo
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- CN108469587B CN108469587B CN201810284283.5A CN201810284283A CN108469587B CN 108469587 B CN108469587 B CN 108469587B CN 201810284283 A CN201810284283 A CN 201810284283A CN 108469587 B CN108469587 B CN 108469587B
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Abstract
A method for cracking a prefabricated ultrasonic motor stator ceramic wafer comprises the following steps: selecting an ultrasonic motor with good running state, and taking down the stator; prefabricating a scratch; putting the experiment platform provided with the motor into a constant temperature box; starting a motor, increasing load, gradually reducing the driving frequency of the motor, increasing driving voltage, operating for 2-3 hours, and reducing the temperature of the thermostat to 25 ℃; detecting the cracking condition of the stator ceramic wafer; reinstalling the stator ceramic wafer in the motor under the cracking condition, putting the stator ceramic wafer in a thermostat, starting the motor, increasing the load, gradually reducing the driving frequency of the motor, increasing the driving voltage, keeping the motor running until the motor stops running, keeping other conditions unchanged, and gradually reducing the load to zero; and detecting the cracking condition of the stator ceramic plate. The invention prefabricates the cracking position of the motor stator ceramic, reduces the research cost of ultrasonic motor fault diagnosis, and has simple method and easy operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cracking a prefabricated ceramic, in particular to a method for cracking a stator ceramic plate of a prefabricated ultrasonic motor.
Background
The ultrasonic motor is a motor which obtains driving force by applying a brand new principle, and utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics to enable a stator to generate ultrasonic vibration, and a rotor is driven by the friction force between the stator and the rotor. Compared with the traditional motor, the motor has the advantages of compact structure, low speed, high torque, quick response, no influence of a magnetic field, power failure self-locking and the like, thereby having wide application prospect. In the operation process of the ultrasonic motor, the stator ceramic of the motor is cracked due to various reasons, once the piezoelectric ceramic is cracked, the operation of the motor is affected, and finally the motor stops working.
In the prior art, the motor is mostly subjected to fault diagnosis, ceramic cracking of a motor stator is predicted by various methods, and maintenance is carried out in advance to ensure stable operation of the whole system. However, in the research process of predicting the cracking of the motor stator ceramic, a normal ultrasonic motor needs to be operated, and ultrasonic motors with different cracking degrees of the stator ceramic are also needed, so that when scientific experimental research is carried out on the motor stator ceramic, manufacturers are required to process the motor stator ceramic to obtain stator ceramic samples with different cracking degrees, and the research cost is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for prefabricating the cracking position of the stator ceramic piece of the ultrasonic motor, which can prefabricate the cracking position of the stator ceramic piece of the motor, reduce the research cost of fault diagnosis of the ultrasonic motor, and has the advantages of simple method and easy operation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cracking a prefabricated ultrasonic motor stator ceramic wafer comprises the following steps:
a. selecting an ultrasonic motor with good running state, turning on the motor, and taking down the stator;
b. prefabricating scratches: scribing a scratch on any position of a ceramic wafer of the stator by using a nicking tool, wherein the scratch direction is along the radius direction of the stator;
c. the method comprises the following steps of re-installing a stator in an ultrasonic motor, installing the motor on an experiment platform, and placing the whole experiment platform into a thermostat, wherein the temperature of the thermostat is maintained at the highest temperature at which the motor can normally operate, and the highest temperature is 45-50 ℃;
d. starting a motor, increasing load for the motor, gradually reducing the driving frequency of the motor, increasing the driving voltage, keeping the motor running for 2-3 hours, and when the motor runs intermittently and is accompanied by harsh sound, stopping the motor, and reducing the temperature of the constant temperature box to 25 ℃ of normal room temperature, wherein the peak-to-peak value of the driving voltage is 300-400V and is closely related to the cracking degree of the stator ceramic wafer; the motor is started again, and when the motor runs intermittently and is accompanied by harsh sound, the motor is shut down;
e. opening the motor, taking down the stator, and detecting the cracking condition of the stator ceramic chip, wherein the scratch part of the stator ceramic chip of the motor has a slight or moderate cracking condition, and a slight crack 4 or a moderate crack 5 is generated;
f. the cracked stator ceramic wafer is remounted into a motor, the motor is arranged on an experiment platform and placed in a thermostat, the temperature of the thermostat is maintained at the highest temperature of 45-50 ℃ that the motor can normally operate, the motor is started, the load is added to the motor, meanwhile, the driving frequency of the motor is gradually reduced, the driving voltage is increased, the peak value of the driving voltage is 300-400V, under the condition, the motor is kept to operate until the motor stops operating, other conditions are kept unchanged, the load is gradually reduced to zero, and the operating state of the motor is observed;
g. in the process of gradually reducing the load to zero, the motor does not operate all the time, the motor is turned off, the temperature of the thermostat is reduced to 25 ℃ of normal room temperature, the motor is started, and if the motor does not operate, the operation is stopped; if the motor can still run in the process that the load is reduced to 0, the running state of the motor is abnormal at the moment, and the motor still has harsh sound after the rotation pause time is longer, the motor is allowed to continue to run until the motor stops running;
h. and opening the motor again, taking off the stator, and detecting the cracking condition of the stator ceramic wafer, wherein the severe cracking condition occurs at the scratch part of the stator ceramic wafer of the motor, so that severe cracks are generated.
In the step b, the depth of the scratch is 0.5mm and penetrates through the stator ceramic sheet.
In the step d and the step f, the driving frequency of the motor is 40500 Hz-41200 Hz.
The invention utilizes the method of prefabricating scratches on the stator ceramic chip of the ultrasonic motor to research the voltage, the motor driving frequency and the temperature when the stator ceramic chip generates different cracking degrees, thereby avoiding adopting similar operation methods to enable the motor to operate in similar environments, and providing relevant basis for the research of the fault diagnosis of the ultrasonic motor; the method can prefabricate the ultrasonic motor with different cracking degrees, is simple and easy to operate, effectively reduces the cost for researching the cracking of the ultrasonic motor stator ceramic, and does not need to specially customize the motor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a stator ceramic wafer pre-fabricated scratch according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a slightly cracked structure of a stator ceramic sheet;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a moderate cracking structure of a stator ceramic sheet;
fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the stator ceramic sheet with severe cracking.
In the figure: 1. a stator; 2. a ceramic plate; 3. scratching; 4. slight laceration; 5. moderate breach; 6. severe laceration.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Selecting an ultrasonic motor with good running state, turning on the motor, and taking down the stator 1; prefabricating scratches: a nicking tool is utilized to scratch a scratch 3 at any position of a ceramic plate 2 of a stator, the scratch direction is along the radius direction of the stator, the depth of the scratch is 0.5mm, the scratch can be irregular and should be as thin and narrow as possible; the method comprises the following steps of (1) re-installing a stator in an ultrasonic motor, installing the motor on an experiment platform, and putting the whole experiment platform into a thermostat, wherein the temperature of the thermostat is maintained at the highest temperature of 45-50 ℃ at which the motor can normally operate; starting the motor, increasing load for the motor, gradually reducing the driving frequency of the motor at the same time, wherein the driving frequency is 40500 Hz-41200 Hz, increasing the driving voltage, the peak-to-peak value of the driving voltage is 300V, keeping the motor running for 2 h-3 h, when the motor runs intermittently and is accompanied by harsh sound, closing the motor, reducing the temperature of the incubator to 25 ℃ of normal room temperature, starting the motor, enabling the motor to still run intermittently and be accompanied by harsh sound, and closing the motor; the motor is opened, the stator is taken down, the cracking condition of the stator ceramic wafer is detected, and slight cracking occurs at the scratch position of the stator ceramic wafer of the motor to generate a slight crack 4.
Example 2
Selecting an ultrasonic motor with good running state, turning on the motor, and taking down the stator 1; prefabricating scratches: a nicking tool is utilized to scratch a scratch 3 at any position of a ceramic plate 2 of a stator, the scratch direction is along the radius direction of the stator, the depth of the scratch is 0.5mm, the scratch can be irregular and should be as thin and narrow as possible; the method comprises the following steps of (1) re-installing a stator in an ultrasonic motor, installing the motor on an experiment platform, and putting the whole experiment platform into a thermostat, wherein the temperature of the thermostat is maintained at the highest temperature of 45-50 ℃ at which the motor can normally operate; starting the motor, increasing load for the motor, gradually reducing the driving frequency of the motor at the same time, wherein the driving frequency is 40500 Hz-41200 Hz, increasing the driving voltage, the peak-to-peak value of the driving voltage is 350V, keeping the motor running for 2 h-3 h, when the motor runs intermittently and is accompanied by harsh sound, closing the motor, reducing the temperature of the incubator to 25 ℃ of normal room temperature, starting the motor, enabling the motor to still run intermittently and be accompanied by harsh sound, and closing the motor; the motor is opened, the stator is taken down, the cracking condition of the stator ceramic sheet is detected, and the scratch of the stator ceramic sheet of the motor has a moderate cracking condition to generate a moderate crack 5.
The larger the peak value of the driving voltage is, the shorter the operation time of the motor for generating cracks is, and because the ceramic plate and the stator substrate are connected by using special materials, the motor can operate under the conditions of high temperature and high voltage for a long time, bubbles can be generated between the ceramic plate and the stator substrate, and the motor can not operate.
Example 3
The method comprises the steps of reinstalling the stator ceramic sheet which is slightly or moderately cracked into a motor, installing the motor on an experiment platform and placing the motor into a thermostat, keeping the temperature of the thermostat at 45-50 ℃ which is the highest temperature at which the motor can normally operate, starting the motor, adding a load to the motor, gradually reducing the driving frequency of the motor at 40500-41200 Hz, increasing the driving voltage, keeping the peak value of the driving voltage at 400V, keeping the motor running until the motor stops running under the condition, keeping other conditions unchanged, gradually reducing the load to zero while the motor does not run all the time, closing the motor, reducing the temperature of the thermostat to 25 ℃ which is the normal room temperature, starting the motor, and stopping the operation if the motor does not run yet; if the motor can still run in the process that the load is reduced to 0, the running state of the motor is abnormal at the moment, and the motor still has harsh sound after the rotation pause time is longer, the motor is allowed to continue to run until the motor stops running; and opening the motor again, taking off the stator, and detecting the cracking condition of the stator ceramic wafer, wherein the severe cracking condition occurs at the scratch part of the stator ceramic wafer of the motor, and a severe crack 6 is generated.
The specific principle of the invention is as follows: the load is added to the motor, and the rotating speed of the motor is reduced. When the excitation voltage is increased, the vibration amplitude of the motor is increased, the output power is increased, but the mechanical loss and the electrical loss are increased, the resonance frequency is reduced due to the weak polarization effect caused by high-voltage excitation, the rotating speed is increased by reducing the driving frequency, and the motor also generates heat; when the environmental temperature changes, the strength of the bonding layer of the stator ceramic sheet changes, and the Young modulus of the stator elastic body also changes, so that the resonant frequency of the stator is influenced. When the temperature rises, the adhesive layer generates large thermal stress, and the aging of the adhesive layer is accelerated by the additional cyclic stress on the thermal stress when the motor runs, and the Young modulus of the adhesive layer is reduced, so that the resonant frequency is reduced. The driving voltage is 300V-400V, and is closely related to the cracking degree of the stator ceramic plate. All factors cause the polarization of the stator ceramic sheet, and the cyclic stress borne by the ceramic sheet exceeds the tensile strength under the excitation of high voltage, so that tensile fracture occurs. Because a nicking tool is used for processing a certain part of the stator ceramic chip in advance, the cracking place of the stator ceramic chip of the prefabricated ultrasonic motor is determined.
Claims (3)
1. A method for cracking a prefabricated ultrasonic motor stator ceramic wafer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting an ultrasonic motor with good running state, turning on the motor, and taking down the stator (1);
b. prefabricating scratches: scribing a scratch (3) at any position of a ceramic plate (2) of the stator by using a nicking tool, wherein the scratch direction is along the radius direction of the stator;
c. the method comprises the following steps of re-installing a stator in an ultrasonic motor, installing the motor on an experiment platform, and placing the whole experiment platform into a thermostat, wherein the temperature of the thermostat is maintained at the highest temperature at which the motor can normally operate, and the highest temperature is 45-50 ℃;
d. starting the motor, increasing load for the motor, gradually reducing the driving frequency of the motor, increasing the driving voltage, keeping the peak value of the driving voltage to be 300-350V, keeping the motor running for 2-3 h, when the motor runs intermittently and is accompanied by harsh sound, closing the motor, reducing the temperature of the incubator to 25 ℃ of normal room temperature, starting the motor, and still presenting the running state of intermittent running and is accompanied by harsh sound, and closing the motor;
e. opening the motor, taking down the stator, and detecting the cracking condition of the stator ceramic plate, wherein the scratch part of the stator ceramic plate of the motor has a slight or moderate cracking condition, and a slight crack (4) or a moderate crack (5) is generated;
f. reinstalling the stator ceramic wafer in the motor under the cracking condition, installing the motor on an experiment platform and placing the motor in a thermostat, keeping the temperature of the thermostat at 45-50 ℃ which is the highest temperature that the motor can normally operate, starting the motor, increasing the load for the motor, gradually reducing the driving frequency of the motor, increasing the driving voltage, keeping the peak value of the driving voltage at 400V, keeping the motor to operate until the motor stops operating under the condition, keeping other conditions unchanged, gradually reducing the load to zero, and observing the operating state of the motor;
g. in the process of gradually reducing the load to zero, the motor does not operate all the time, the motor is turned off, the temperature of the thermostat is reduced to 25 ℃ of normal room temperature, the motor is started, and if the motor does not operate, the operation is stopped; if the motor can still run in the process that the load is reduced to 0, the running state of the motor is abnormal at the moment, and the motor still has harsh sound after the rotation pause time is longer, the motor is allowed to continue to run until the motor stops running;
h. and (3) opening the motor again, taking off the stator, detecting the cracking condition of the stator ceramic piece, and generating a severe crack (6) when the severe cracking condition occurs at the scratch part of the stator ceramic piece of the motor.
2. The method for cracking the pre-fabricated ultrasonic motor stator ceramic plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step b, the depth of the scratch is 0.5mm and penetrates through the stator ceramic plate.
3. The method for cracking the pre-fabricated ultrasonic motor stator ceramic plate as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step d and the step f, the driving frequency of the motor is 40500 Hz-41200 Hz.
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| CN201810284283.5A CN108469587B (en) | 2018-04-02 | 2018-04-02 | Method for cracking of prefabricated ultrasonic motor stator ceramic chip |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106338548A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-01-18 | 福建工程学院 | Ultrasonic motor stator piezoelectric ceramic pasting detection device and method |
| CN107167734A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-09-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of ultrasound electric machine starting characteristic method of testing fed back based on lonely pole and device |
| CN206920570U (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2018-01-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of ultrasound electric machine starting characteristic test device based on lonely pole feedback |
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| AU2003281570A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-02-09 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Method and device for examining fatigue resistance of metallic materials at ultrasonic frequencies and constant temperature |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106338548A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-01-18 | 福建工程学院 | Ultrasonic motor stator piezoelectric ceramic pasting detection device and method |
| CN107167734A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-09-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of ultrasound electric machine starting characteristic method of testing fed back based on lonely pole and device |
| CN206920570U (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2018-01-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of ultrasound electric machine starting characteristic test device based on lonely pole feedback |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 超声电机定子的简化复合梁模型裂纹扩展分析与实验;张顺峰 等;《微电机》;20110831;第44卷(第8期);第6-10，25页 * |
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