CN108468679A - A kind of water ring, damping device, low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit and drag reduction method - Google Patents
A kind of water ring, damping device, low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit and drag reduction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108468679A CN108468679A CN201810386134.XA CN201810386134A CN108468679A CN 108468679 A CN108468679 A CN 108468679A CN 201810386134 A CN201810386134 A CN 201810386134A CN 108468679 A CN108468679 A CN 108468679A
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- ring
- coal slime
- water jacket
- ring core
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/002—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer
- F15D1/0065—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using active means, e.g. supplying external energy or injecting fluid
- F15D1/008—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using active means, e.g. supplying external energy or injecting fluid comprising fluid injection or suction means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
- F15D1/06—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits by influencing the boundary layer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/088—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products for solids or suspensions of solids in liquids, e.g. slurries
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/12—Conveying liquids or viscous products by pressure of another fluid
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water ring, damping device, low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit and its drag reduction methods.The conveyance conduit includes damping device and is provided with the coal slime pipeline of damping device, and damping device includes water ring, water pipe and the keying valve being arranged on water pipe.Water ring is arranged on coal slime pipeline, includes the ring core and water jacket of the setting of concentric locking collar tubular type.Water is set on the outside of ring core, and water jacket is fixedly connected with ring core, interlayer is provided between water jacket and ring core, water jacket is provided with inlet opening and is connected to interlayer with water pipe.Uniform shrinkage is distinguished into the conical surface in water jacket front end with ring core front end, and the water ring of formation width h is stitched and is connected to interlayer.Damping device includes several water rings, along coal slime pipeline enclosure every setting.Or damping device includes the water ring being arranged in a one-to-one correspondence and opens and closes valve, damping device is along coal slime pipeline enclosure every setting several groups.High pressure water forms moisture film to reduce resistance by water ring on coal slime column surface.The present invention has many advantages, such as that simple in structure, drag-reduction effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water ring, damping device, low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit and drag reduction methods, belong to energy project neck
Domain.
Background technology
Coal slime is a kind of byproduct that coal washing process generates, and is the product that coal washing water slurry obtains after filter-press dehydration.
Its water content is larger, and ash content is more, and calorific value is not high.Transport outward it is uneconomical, directly dump stockpiling and harm can be brought to environment.It follows
Circulation fluidized bed boiler combustion technology is as a kind of clean coal technology, with coal adaptability is strong, desulfuration in furnace is efficient, NOx rows
The advantages that loweing.Burning coal slime is mixed using circulating fluidized bed boiler to generate electricity, and can not only reduce the discharge of coal slime, but also can reduce
The fuel cost of boiler operatiopn has obtained relatively broad application in China.
Paste is presented in fresh coal slime appearance, and accumulation form is unstable, and apparent viscosity changes greatly.Coal slime is transported to from stock ground
Burning, is typically passed through hundreds of meters of distance, also to promote tens meters of height in boiler.According to belt feeder, scrapper conveyor etc.
When opening-type equipment transports, often there is the phenomenon that sticking, drip, cause secondary pollution.Whole closed pipeline has
No leakage, be easy to lower end disposing technique merge the characteristics of adaptable to landform, just more and more extensive answer is obtained in China
With.But the coal slime due to entering stove burning is a kind of sticky material of high concentration, and mass concentration is big, has larger yield stress,
Under existence conditions, long-distance transportation through pipeline high concentration coal mud lotion needs the resistance overcome very big, and subsidiary engine energy consumption is higher, and easily makes
At pipe wear.The resistance for reducing coal slime pipeline advantageously reduces subsidiary engine power consumption and improves the operation of coal slime transport system
Reliability.
When pipeline coal slime, resistance is mainly derived from the friction of coal slime lotion boundary layer and inner wall of the pipe.It studies before this
Show that coal slime belongs to non-newtonian fluid, viscosity becomes larger with the increase of coal slime mass concentration.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of water ring, using the low-resistance of the damping device and application of the water ring damping device
Coal slime conveyance conduit and its drag reduction method form the moisture film of package coal slime lotion in inner wall of the pipe face, reduce boundary layer fluid
Viscosity, and then achieve the purpose that reduce frictional resistance.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of water ring, the water ring can be arranged on coal slime pipeline, and the water ring includes the ring of concentric locking collar tubular type setting
Core and water jacket, the water jacket are arranged in bushing type in the outside of the ring core, and the water jacket end is fixedly connected with the ring core,
Interlayer is provided between the water jacket and the ring core, the water jacket is provided with inlet opening and is connected to the interlayer；The water jacket
The water ring seam of also formation width h between the ring core, the water ring seam are connected to the interlayer.
As an improvement technical solution, the front end outer side in the ring core is arranged in bushing type in the water jacket, described
Water jacket end is fixedly connected with the ring core.
As an improvement technical solution, the water jacket front end and ring core front end outer side face are respectively with water ring center
Axis is shrunk to the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface centered on axis, and between the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface described in formation
Water ring stitches.
As an improvement technical solution, water ring slit width degree h between the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface is h
≤2mm。
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the water jacket front end is identical as the conical surface angle in ring core front end outer side face, is α,
And α≤20 °.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the water jacket is fixedly connected with the ring core by welding or flange.
A kind of damping device, described device include water ring, water pipe and the keying valve being arranged on water pipe；The water pipe and institute
State water ring connection；The water ring can be arranged on coal slime pipeline, and the water ring includes the ring core and water of concentric locking collar tubular type setting
Set, the water jacket are arranged in bushing type in the outside of the ring core, and the water jacket end is fixedly connected with the ring core, the water
It is provided with interlayer between set and the ring core, the water jacket is provided with inlet opening and is connected to the interlayer with the water pipe；It is described
The water ring that also formation width is h between water jacket and the ring core stitches, and the water ring seam is connected to the interlayer.
As an improvement technical solution, the front end outer side in the ring core is arranged in bushing type in the water jacket, described
Water jacket end is fixedly connected with the ring core.
As an improvement technical solution, the water jacket front end and ring core front end outer side face are respectively with water ring center
Axis is shrunk to the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface centered on axis, and between the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface described in formation
Water ring stitches.
As an improvement technical solution, water ring slit width degree h between the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface is h
≤2mm。
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the water jacket front end is identical as the conical surface angle in ring core front end outer side face, is α,
And α≤20 °.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the water jacket is fixedly connected with the ring core by welding or flange.
A kind of low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit, the conveyance conduit include damping device and are provided with the coal of the damping device
Mud pipeline, the damping device include water ring, water pipe and the keying valve being arranged on water pipe；The water pipe connects with the water ring
It connects；The water ring is arranged on coal slime pipeline, and the water ring includes the ring core and water jacket of concentric locking collar tubular type setting, and the water jacket is in
The front end outer side in the ring core is arranged in bushing type, and the water jacket is fixedly connected with the ring core, the water jacket and the ring core
Between be provided with interlayer, the water jacket is provided with inlet opening and is connected to the interlayer with the water pipe；The water jacket and the ring
The water ring that formation width is h between core stitches, and the water ring seam is connected to the interlayer.
As an improvement technical solution, the front end outer side in the ring core is arranged in bushing type in the water jacket, described
Water jacket end is fixedly connected with the ring core.
As an improvement technical solution, the water jacket front end and ring core front end outer side face are respectively with water ring center
Axis is shrunk to the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface centered on axis, and between the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface described in formation
Water ring stitches.
As an improvement technical solution, water ring slit width degree h between the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface is h
≤2mm。
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the water jacket front end is identical as the conical surface angle in ring core front end outer side face, is α,
And α≤20 °.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the water jacket is fixedly connected with the ring core by welding or flange.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the damping device includes several water rings, several described water rings are along the coal slime
Pipeline enclosure is connect by water pipe with the keying valve every setting, several described water rings.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the damping device includes the water ring being arranged in a one-to-one correspondence and opens and closes valve, and the drag reduction fills
It sets along the coal slime pipeline enclosure every setting several groups.
A kind of method of coal slime conveyance conduit drag reduction uses a kind of above-mentioned low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit, the method packet
It includes：
Coal slime by coal slurrypump is fed into coal slime pipeline and along coal slime pipeline；
High pressure water is passed through water pipe, and enters the interlayer of water ring from inlet opening, is then stitched by water ring and sprays into coal slime pipeline,
Coal slime inner wall of the pipe formed moisture film and be coated on by coal slime outer surface, to reduce rubbing between coal slime and coal slime pipeline
Power is wiped, transporting resistance is reduced；
By opening and closing the fast opening and closing of valve, high pressure water is set to form local motive force in coal slime pipeline, and reduce moisture film water
Amount.
The present invention has the following advantages and high-lighting effect：Open and close the periodical opening and closing of valve so that high pressure water is logical
The surface for crossing annular inclined slot high concentration coal mud lotion column in pipe of water ring forms moisture film, while infiltrating coal slime lotion column
Wall friction power is reduced on surface, reduces pipeline resistance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit schematic diagram according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of damping device schematic diagram according to the present invention.
In figure：1- water rings；2- opens and closes valve；3- coal slime pipelines；4- interlayers；The inlet openings 5-；11- ring cores；12- water
Set.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode and the course of work of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The orientation such as upper, lower, left, right, front and rear in present specification term be position relationship based on ... shown in the drawings and
It establishes.Attached drawing is different, then corresponding position relationship is also possible to change therewith, therefore cannot be interpreted as with this to protecting model
The restriction enclosed.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit, it to be used for the conveying of high viscous coal slurry, including damping device and sets
It is equipped with the coal slime pipeline 3 of damping device.In the direction of travel of coal slime pipeline it is front and back with coal slime.
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of damping device, including water ring 1, water pipe and the keying valve 2 being arranged on water pipe.Water pipe and water
Ring 1 connects, and pressure water, especially high pressure water are conveyed into water ring 1.Water ring 1 can be arranged on coal slime pipeline 3, coal slime pipeline 3
Flanged joint or welding are selected between water ring 1.1 internal diameter of water ring and 3 internal diameter of coal slime pipeline are consistent, to eliminate caliber change
The additional local flow resistance that may be brought.Water ring 1 includes the ring core 11 and water jacket 12 of concentric locking collar tubular type setting, i.e. ring core 11
It is coaxial with water jacket 12.Ring core 11 is hollow-core construction, and 11 inside of ring core is coal slime channel, and internal diameter is consistent with 3 internal diameter of coal slime pipeline.
Water jacket 12 is arranged in bushing type in the outside of ring core 11, and connects for convenience, and water jacket 12 is often arranged in the front end of ring core 11
Outside.
Water jacket 12 is fixedly connected with ring core 11, and typically, 12 end of water jacket is fixed with ring core 11 by welding or flange
Connection.Fig. 2 show one such embodiment, i.e. flanged joint.When in the setting to coal slime pipeline 3 of water ring 1, coal slime pipeline
3 points are front and back two sections, and the end of leading portion coal slime pipeline connect or welds with 12 front end flange of water jacket, and before back segment coal slime pipeline
End connect or welds with the end flange of ring core 11.
The interlayer 4 of annular is provided between water jacket 12 and ring core 11, water jacket 12 is additionally provided with inlet opening 5 by interlayer 4 and water
Pipe is connected to.The water ring seam of also formation width h, water ring seam are connected to interlayer 4 between water jacket 12 and ring core 11 so that the water in water pipe
Interlayer 4 can be entered by inlet opening 5 to stitch inside uniformly penetrating ring core 11 by water ring again.As a kind of perferred technical scheme,
The axis centered on water ring central axis is shrunk to the water jacket conical surface to 12 front end of water jacket respectively and ring core is bored with 11 front end outer side face of ring core
Face, and the water ring that formation width is h between the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface stitches, water ring seam is connected to interlayer 4.
12 front end of water jacket is identical as the conical surface angle in 11 front end outer side face of ring core, is α, and α≤20 °.Conical surface angle is
The angle of cone element and 11 central axis of ring core.The internal diameter of 12 front end conical surface smallest circumference of water jacket and 11 front end outer side face of ring core
The internal diameter of conical surface smallest circumference is consistent with 3 internal diameter of coal slime pipeline.Meanwhile for ease of connection, 12 front end of water jacket is in conical surface minimum
The cylindrical linkage section that extends anteriorly out is connect with coal slime pipeline 3 at circumference.
The water ring slit width degree h between the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface is h≤2mm as a preferred technical solution, so that water
Guan Shuicong water rings seam forms moisture film when spraying.
Damping device is provided with numerous embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1a, damping device includes the water ring 1 being arranged in a one-to-one correspondence and opens and closes valve 2, and damping device is along coal slime
The interval of pipeline 3 setting several groups.
As shown in Figure 1 b, damping device includes several water rings 1, several water rings are spaced along coal slime pipeline 3 to be arranged, if
Dry water ring corresponds to a keying valve, is connected by water pipe.
A kind of method of coal slime conveyance conduit drag reduction, including：
Coal slime is fed into coal slime pipeline 3 by coal slurrypump and forms coal slime column, coal slime column is conveyed along coal slime pipeline 3；
High pressure water is passed through water pipe, and enters the interlayer 4 of water ring 1 from inlet opening 5, is then stitched by water ring and sprays into ring core 11
With coal slime pipeline 3,3 inner wall of coal slime pipeline formed moisture film and be coated on by coal slime outer surface of column, to reduce coal slime with
Frictional force between coal slime pipeline 3 reduces transporting resistance；Moisture film infiltrates coal slime column simultaneously, changes the viscosity of coal slime；
By opening and closing the fast opening and closing of valve 2, high pressure water is set to form local motive force in coal slime pipeline 3, and reduce moisture film
Water.
It opens and closes valve 2 and selects quick-acting valve, keying can be consistent with coal slime pump frequency.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any made by repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of water ring, it is characterised in that：The water ring (1) includes the ring core (11) and water jacket (12) of concentric locking collar tubular type setting,
The water jacket (12) is arranged in bushing type in the outside of the ring core (11), the water jacket (12) and the fixed company of the ring core (11)
Connect, be provided with interlayer (4) between the water jacket (12) and the ring core (11), the water jacket (12) be provided with inlet opening (5) with
Interlayer (4) connection；The water ring seam of also formation width h between the water jacket (12) and the ring core (11), the water ring seam
It is connected to inside the interlayer (4) and the ring core (11).
2. a kind of water ring according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The water jacket (12) is arranged in bushing type in the ring
The front end outer side of core (11), water jacket (12) end are fixedly connected with the ring core (11).
3. a kind of water ring according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Water jacket (12) front end and the ring core
(11) axis centered on water ring central axis is shrunk to the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface respectively in front end outer side face, and the water jacket is bored
The water ring seam is formed between face and the ring core conical surface.
4. a kind of water ring according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Between the water jacket conical surface and the ring core conical surface
Water ring slit width degree h is h≤2mm.
5. a kind of water ring according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Before water jacket (12) front end and the ring core (11)
It holds the conical surface angle of lateral surface identical, is α, and α≤20 °.
6. a kind of damping device, it is characterised in that：Described device includes water ring (1), water pipe and the keying valve being arranged on water pipe
(2)；The water pipe is connect with the water ring (1)；The water ring (1) can be arranged on coal slime pipeline (3), the water ring (1)
Include the ring core (11) and water jacket (12) of the setting of concentric locking collar tubular type, the water jacket (12) is arranged in bushing type in the ring core (11)
Outside, the water jacket (12) is fixedly connected with the ring core (11), is arranged between the water jacket (12) and the ring core (11)
There are interlayer (4), the water jacket (12) to be provided with inlet opening (5) and be connected to the interlayer (4) with the water pipe；The water jacket (12)
The water ring seam of also formation width h between the ring core (11), the water ring seam and the interlayer (4) and the ring core (11) are interior
Portion is connected to.
7. a kind of low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit, it is characterised in that：The conveyance conduit includes damping device and is provided with described subtract
The coal slime pipeline (3) of device is hindered, the damping device includes water ring (1), water pipe and the keying valve (2) being arranged on water pipe；Institute
Water pipe is stated to connect with the water ring (1)；The water ring (1) is arranged on coal slime pipeline (3), and the water ring (1) includes concentric locking collar
The ring core (11) and water jacket (12) of tubular type setting, the water jacket (12) are arranged in bushing type in the outside of the ring core (11), institute
It states water jacket (12) to be fixedly connected with the ring core (11), interlayer (4) is provided between the water jacket (12) and the ring core (11),
The water jacket (12) is provided with inlet opening (5) and is connected to the interlayer (4) with the water pipe；The water jacket (12) and the ring core
(11) the water ring seam of formation width h between, the water ring seam are connected to the interlayer (4).
8. a kind of low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The damping device includes several
A water ring (1), several described water rings along the coal slime pipeline (3) be spaced be arranged, several described water rings by water pipe with
Keying valve (2) connection.
9. a kind of low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The damping device includes one by one
The water ring (1) and keying valve (2) being correspondingly arranged, the damping device are spaced setting several groups along the coal slime pipeline (3).
10. a kind of method of coal slime conveyance conduit drag reduction uses a kind of low-resistance coal slime delivery pipe as claimed in claim 7
Road, it is characterised in that：The method includes
Coal slime is fed into coal slime pipeline (3) by coal slurrypump and is conveyed along coal slime pipeline (3)；
High pressure water is passed through water pipe, and enters the interlayer (4) of water ring (1) from inlet opening (5), is then stitched by water ring and sprays into coal slime
Pipeline (3), coal slime pipeline (3) inner wall formed moisture film and be coated on by coal slime outer surface, to reduce coal slime and coal slime
Frictional force between pipeline (3) reduces transporting resistance；
By opening and closing the fast opening and closing of valve (2), high pressure water is set to form local motive force in coal slime pipeline (3), and reduce moisture film
Water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810386134.XA CN108468679A (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2018-04-26 | A kind of water ring, damping device, low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit and drag reduction method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810386134.XA CN108468679A (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2018-04-26 | A kind of water ring, damping device, low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit and drag reduction method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108468679A true CN108468679A (en) | 2018-08-31 |
Family
ID=63263907
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810386134.XA Pending CN108468679A (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2018-04-26 | A kind of water ring, damping device, low-resistance coal slime conveyance conduit and drag reduction method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109140108A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-04 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of damping device and liquid conveying pipe of liquid conveying pipe |
| CN109442110A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-03-08 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of device and its electrolyte filling method reducing lotion pipeline resistance |
| CN110404435A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-05 | 艾迪机器(杭州)有限公司 | A kind of ratio modulation of water-coal-slurry, conveying integrated device |
| CN114186502A (en) * | 2021-08-28 | 2022-03-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Construction method of paste tube conveying on-way resistance loss calculation model considering boundary layer effect |
-
2018
- 2018-04-26 CN CN201810386134.XA patent/CN108468679A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109140108A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-04 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of damping device and liquid conveying pipe of liquid conveying pipe |
| CN109442110A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-03-08 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of device and its electrolyte filling method reducing lotion pipeline resistance |
| CN110404435A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-05 | 艾迪机器(杭州)有限公司 | A kind of ratio modulation of water-coal-slurry, conveying integrated device |
| CN110404435B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2024-05-07 | 艾迪机器(杭州)有限公司 | Integrated device for proportioning and conveying coal water slurry |
| CN114186502A (en) * | 2021-08-28 | 2022-03-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Construction method of paste tube conveying on-way resistance loss calculation model considering boundary layer effect |
| CN114186502B (en) * | 2021-08-28 | 2024-03-22 | 昆明理工大学 | Construction method of paste tube conveying path resistance loss calculation model considering boundary layer effect |
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