CN108464836B - System and method for detecting blood oxygen saturation for community medical treatment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for detecting blood oxygen saturation for community medical treatment, and belongs to the technical field of measurement of human blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate. Comprises a pulse blood oxygen sensor, a photoelectric conversion circuit, a signal conditioning circuit, a microcontroller, a display screen and a data storage module. The pulse blood oxygen sensor transmits the two collected optical signals to the photoelectric conversion circuit to be converted into voltage signals; the signal conditioning circuit filters and amplifies the two acquired voltage signals; an analog-digital conversion unit integrated by the microcontroller converts the two paths of voltage signals after filtering and amplification into digital signals; the digital signal processing unit integrated with the microcontroller uses an FIR filter to respectively detect the noise of the two pulse wave digital signals, and calculates the blood oxygen saturation through a calculation model according to the wave crests and wave troughs of the two pulse wave digital signals by a feature extraction algorithm. The method reduces the workload of correcting the blood oxygen saturation calculation model, and has the advantages of long-term memory function and miniaturization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement of human blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate, and relates to a system and a method for detecting blood oxygen saturation for community medical treatment.
Background
With the increasing trend of aging population, large medical institutions face very difficult medical diagnosis and health care tasks in China. In order to relieve the burden of large-scale medical institutions, new medical improvement policies of China place community medical treatment at the top position, the supporting force on community medical treatment is increased, and community medical institutions are gradually built into health service subjects for disease control, prevention and health care by adopting a resource allocation mode of 'big diseases entering hospitals and small diseases entering communities'. The monitoring system is an important component of a community medical institution, can acquire medical data (such as blood oxygen saturation, electrocardio, pulse and the like) of community residents, provides convenient and real-time medical monitoring service for the community residents, and realizes long-term responsible care. In order to promote comprehension and accuracy of a community medical monitoring system, the method and the system mainly research the detection method and the system of the blood oxygen saturation.
Physically, the blood oxygen saturation represents the concentration of oxygen in human blood, and the mathematical calculation formula is as follows:
among them, SaO2Which represents the oxygen saturation level of blood,represents the concentration of oxyhemoglobin, CHbIndicating the concentration of reduced hemoglobin. From a medical point of view, the blood oxygen saturation characterizes the oxygen carrying capacity of the human body. When the oxygen carrying capacity of the human body is insufficient, various diseases such as blood supply insufficiency of heart and cerebral vessels, chronic hypoxemia and the like can occur.
At present, the technology of detecting blood oxygen saturation based on pulse wave has been widely applied to operating rooms, emergency wards, guardianship rooms and the like, but there are few blood oxygen saturation detectors for community medical treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for detecting blood oxygen saturation for community medical treatment, and to provide a miniaturized blood oxygen saturation monitor with a long term memory function, which can reduce the workload of correcting a blood oxygen saturation calculation model.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a system for detecting the blood oxygen saturation for community medical treatment comprises a pulse blood oxygen sensor, a photoelectric conversion circuit, a signal conditioning circuit and a microcontroller;
the pulse blood oxygen sensor comprises a 660nm light emitter, a 660nm light receiver, a 940nm light emitter, a 940nm light receiver and a corresponding photoelectric driving circuit; the photoelectric driving circuit is used for driving the 660nm light emitter and the 940nm light emitter, the 660nm light receiver and the 940nm light receiver are respectively used for receiving light signals sent by the 660nm light emitter and the 940nm light emitter, and the microcontroller is connected to the 660nm light emitter and the 940nm light emitter;
the pulse blood oxygen sensor, the photoelectric conversion circuit, the signal conditioning circuit and the microcontroller are sequentially connected, the photoelectric conversion circuit is used for converting current signals received by the 660nm light receiver and the 940nm light receiver into voltage signals, and the signal conditioning circuit is used for filtering and amplifying the voltage signals.
Further, the microcontroller comprises an analog-to-digital conversion unit and a digital signal processing unit which are connected with each other;
the analog-to-digital conversion unit is used for converting the analog signals after filtering and amplification into digital signals; the digital signal processing unit is used for carrying out digital filtering processing on the acquired digital signal to obtain a clean digital signal, extracting the wave crest and the wave trough of the acquired clean digital signal, and establishing a model to calculate the blood oxygen saturation.
Further, the system also comprises a display screen and a data storage module, wherein the display screen and the data storage module are connected with the microcontroller, and the display screen and the data storage module are used for displaying and storing data.
A method for detecting blood oxygen saturation for community medical treatment comprises the following steps:
s1: placing a finger at the position of the pulse blood oxygen sensor, and starting the portable blood oxygen saturation detection system;
s2: setting the luminous intensity of a 660nm light emitter and a 940nm light emitter through a microcontroller, and controlling the 660nm light emitter and the 940nm light emitter to alternately emit corresponding optical signals at high frequency through a driving circuit by the microcontroller;
s3: the photoelectric conversion circuit converts the photocurrent signal obtained in step S2 into a voltage signal;
s4: the signal conditioning circuit carries out analog denoising and amplification processing on the voltage signal obtained in the step S3;
s5: the microcontroller sequentially performs analog-to-digital conversion, digital signal processing, peak and trough extraction and calculation of blood oxygen saturation on the signal acquired in the step S4;
s6: and (4) transmitting the blood sample saturation value calculated in the step (S5) to a display screen for displaying, simultaneously transmitting the blood sample saturation value to a data storage module for storage, and establishing a corresponding database.
Further, step S5 specifically includes the following steps:
s51: performing analog-to-digital conversion on the acquired signal, and converting an analog signal into a digital signal;
s52: filtering the noise of the digital signal obtained by analog-to-digital conversion by using an FIR filter;
s53: extracting peaks and troughs of the 660nm and 940nm pulse wave digital signals;
s54: the oxygen saturation degree of the blood is calculated,
SaO2=α.(A1.R+Bi)+(1-α).(A2.R2+B2.R+C2)
in the formula Imax(660nm)、Imin(660nm) respectively representing the peak and trough of a pulse wave signal obtained under the irradiation of 660nm red light, Imax(940nm)、Imin(940nm) respectively representing the wave crest and the wave trough of the pulse wave signal obtained under the irradiation of 940nm infrared light, A1、B1、A2、B2、C2And the regression coefficient is expressed, alpha is a weight coefficient, and R is the relative change rate of the absorbance of the red light and the infrared light.
Further, the step S53 of extracting the peaks and troughs of the 660nm and 940nm pulse wave digital signals specifically includes:
wave crest extraction:
s531: calculating the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the obtained clean digital signal, and taking the average value as a threshold value;
s532: comparing the obtained clean digital signals with a threshold value point by point, setting the obtained clean digital signals smaller than the threshold value as 0, and reserving the obtained clean digital signals larger than the threshold value to obtain digital signals SI;
s533: gradually stepping the digital signal SI to locate a non-zero segment in the digital signal SI;
s534: respectively solving the maximum values of all the non-zero segments, wherein the obtained maximum values are the wave crests of the originally obtained clean digital signals;
extracting troughs:
s535: calculating the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the obtained clean digital signal, and taking the average value as a threshold value;
s536: comparing the obtained clean digital signals with a threshold value point by point, setting the obtained clean digital signals larger than the threshold value as 0, and reserving the obtained clean digital signals smaller than the threshold value to obtain digital signals SII;
s537: gradually stepping the digital signal SII, and positioning non-zero segments in the digital signal SII;
s538: and respectively solving the minimum values of all the nonzero segments, wherein the obtained minimum values are the wave troughs of the originally obtained clean digital signals.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) some community residents may have inconvenient actions due to the reasons of age, diseases and the like, and community medical treatment may need to check the residents regularly, so the portable oxyhemoglobin saturation detection method and system for the community medical treatment provided by the invention have the characteristic of miniaturization, and are beneficial to the development of on-site services of community medical service workers.
(2) In order to improve the calculation precision of the blood oxygen saturation degree and avoid the influence of fingers of community residents on the calculation process of the blood oxygen saturation degree due to factors such as deformation and aging, a large amount of experimental calibration needs to be frequently carried out on parameters of a calculation formula of the blood oxygen saturation degree, and in order to reduce the workload of community medical service workers in the calibration process, the weight coefficient can be determined by inputting a group of blood oxygen saturation degree values and R values, so that the experimental times and the experimental data amount in the calibration process are greatly reduced, and the community medical service is facilitated to be more conveniently carried out.
(3) The portable oxyhemoglobin saturation detection method and system for community medical treatment provided by the invention also have a long-term memory function, can store oxyhemoglobin saturation data of community residents for a long time, and establish a corresponding database, and the advantages of the long-term memory function provided by the invention are as follows: firstly, the health state of community residents can be tracked, and long-term responsibility care is realized; second, longer physiological parameters can be provided to large medical institutions to help them make reasonable treatment decisions and protocols.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the 660nm pulse wave signals before and after FIR filtering according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows 940nm pulse wave signals before and after FIR filtering according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an algorithm for extracting peaks and valleys of a clean 660nm pulse wave digital signal according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a process for establishing an improved blood oxygen saturation calculation model according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a system for detecting blood oxygen saturation for community medical treatment, which includes a pulse blood oxygen sensor, a photoelectric conversion circuit, a signal conditioning circuit, a microcontroller, a display screen and a data storage module.
The pulse blood oxygen sensor comprises a 660nm light emitter, a 660nm light receiver, a 940nm light emitter, a 940nm light receiver and a corresponding photoelectric driving circuit. Under the action of the microcontroller, the drive circuit controls the two paths of emitters to alternately emit two kinds of light with the wavelengths of 660nm and 940nm at high frequency. In order to avoid interference of natural light in the environment, the microcontroller can also control the intensity of light signals emitted by the 660nm and 940nm transmitters.
The pulse blood oxygen sensor, the photoelectric conversion circuit, the signal conditioning circuit and the microcontroller are connected in sequence. The photoelectric conversion circuit is used for converting the optical current signals received by the two paths of optical receivers into voltage signals; and the signal conditioning circuit filters and amplifies the voltage signal.
The microcontroller comprises an analog-to-digital conversion unit and a digital signal processing unit. The analog-to-digital conversion unit is used for converting the analog signals after filtering and amplification into digital signals; the digital signal processing unit is used for carrying out digital filtering processing on the acquired digital signal to obtain a clean digital signal, extracting the wave crest and the wave trough of the acquired clean digital signal, and establishing a model to calculate the blood oxygen saturation.
Specifically, the functions of the digital signal processing unit included in the microcontroller include:
and (3) filtering the acquired digital signal: since the portable blood oxygen saturation detection method and system for community medical treatment provided by the invention are required to have the characteristics of miniaturization and the like, the digital signal processing unit adopts an FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter for denoising the acquired digital signal, the acquired digital signal and a window function are only required to be subjected to convolution calculation to obtain a clean digital signal, and the simplification of denoising processing is beneficial to the realization of system miniaturization, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3.
Extracting peaks and troughs of the obtained clean digital signal: the portable oxyhemoglobin saturation detection method and system for community medical treatment provided by the invention are required to be miniaturized, so that the extraction algorithm of the wave crest and the wave trough of the acquired clean digital signal is simpler. As shown in fig. 4, the idea of the peak extraction algorithm is as follows:
(1) calculating the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the obtained clean digital signal, and taking the average value as a threshold value;
(2) comparing the obtained clean digital signal with a threshold value point by point, setting the obtained clean digital signal smaller than the threshold value as 0, and reserving the obtained clean digital signal larger than the threshold value to obtain a new digital signal (defined as signal 1);
(3) scanning the signal 1 step by step, and positioning non-zero segments in the signal 1 (assuming that the number of the non-zero segments is n);
(4) and respectively solving the maximum values of the n nonzero segments, wherein the obtained n maximum values are the wave crests of the originally obtained clean digital signal.
Likewise, the trough extraction algorithm idea is as follows:
(1) calculating the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the obtained clean digital signal, and taking the average value as a threshold value;
(2) comparing the obtained clean digital signal with a threshold value point by point, setting the obtained clean digital signal larger than the threshold value as 0, and reserving the obtained clean digital signal smaller than the threshold value to obtain a new digital signal (defined as a signal 2);
(3) scanning the signal 2 step by step, and positioning non-zero segments in the signal 2 (assuming that the number of non-zero segments is m);
(4) and respectively solving the minimum values of the m nonzero segments, wherein the obtained m minimum values are the wave troughs of the originally obtained clean digital signal.
Establishing a model to calculate the blood oxygen saturation: as an important part of the portable blood oxygen saturation detection method and system for community medical treatment provided by the invention, the content will be separately introduced in the invention, specifically referring to the second aspect.
The invention provides a community medical portable oxyhemoglobin saturation detection method, which comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a community medical portable oxyhemoglobin saturation detection method and system, wherein the basic calculation formula of the oxyhemoglobin saturation used by the system is as follows:
(SaO2)i=A1·R+B1
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,wherein, Imax(660nm)、Imin(660nm) respectively representing the peak and trough of a pulse wave signal obtained under the irradiation of 660nm red light, Imax(940nm)、Imin(940nm) respectively represents the wave crest and the wave trough of the pulse wave signal obtained under the 940nm infrared light irradiation, and A in the formula can be determined through experimental calibration1And B1。
Improved calculation formula:
(SaO2)2=A2·R2+B2·R+C2
similarly, A in the formula can be determined by experimental calibration2、B2And C2. It can be seen that both of these oximetry calculation formulas require extensive experimental calibration to determine the relevant parameters. According to the portable oxyhemoglobin saturation detection method and system for community medical treatment, provided by the invention, part of users are the old, due to the phenomena of deformation, aging and the like of fingers of the old, the related parameters of an oxyhemoglobin saturation calculation model are required to be corrected frequently to ensure that the obtained oxyhemoglobin saturation has higher precision, the related parameters are required to be corrected through experimental calibration no matter whether a basic calculation formula of the oxyhemoglobin saturation or an improved calculation formula is required, and therefore, the high-frequency experimental calibration can add a great deal of workload to community medical service and reduce the calibration work of the oxyhemoglobin saturation calculation model.
The invention provides a community medical oxygen saturation calculation formula, as shown in fig. 5, the specific process is as follows:
(1) separately calibrated by the same experimental data (SaO)2)1=A1·R+B1And (SaO)2)2=A2·R2+B2·R+C2Regression coefficient A in two calculation formulas1、B1、A2、B2、C2;
(2) The calculation formula of the blood oxygen saturation provided by the invention is as follows:
SaO2=α·(SaO2)1+(1-α)·(SaO2)2=α·(A1·R+B1)+(1-α)·(A2·R2+B2·R+C2)
a signal processing unit embedding the computational model in a microcontroller;
(3) inputting a set of blood oxygen saturation and R value, optimizing and calculating a formula by using a genetic algorithm,
SaO2=α·(SaO2)1+(1-α)·(SaO2)2=α·(A1·R+B1)+(1-α)·(A2·R2+B2·R+C2)
and (3) obtaining a blood oxygen saturation calculation model with the weight coefficient and the regression coefficient determined by the weight coefficient alpha in the formula, and embedding the genetic algorithm optimization process into a signal processing unit of the microcontroller.
The invention provides a portable oxyhemoglobin saturation detection system for community medical treatment, which has a long-term memory function and a display function and comprises the following components:
the microcontroller outputs the acquired blood oxygen saturation to a display screen for displaying, and transmits the blood oxygen saturation to the data storage module for storage, so that the blood oxygen saturation of community residents is collected for a long time, a corresponding database is established, the health state of the community residents is convenient to track, and long-term responsibility care is realized. In addition, in order to match with a resource allocation mode of 'big diseases enter a hospital and small diseases enter a community', the portable oxyhemoglobin saturation detection method and system for community medical treatment provided by the invention have a long-term memory function, and can provide long physiological parameters for a large-scale medical institution so as to help the large-scale medical institution to make reasonable treatment decisions and schemes.
The specific process of the invention is as follows:
(1) the portable blood oxygen saturation detection system facing community medical treatment is turned on by placing fingers at the position of the pulse blood oxygen sensor.
(2) The light emitting intensity of the 660nm and 940nm transmitters is set by the microcontroller, and the microcontroller controls the 660nm and 940nm transmitters to alternately emit corresponding light signals at high frequency through the driving circuit.
(3) And (3) converting the photocurrent signal obtained in the step (2) into a voltage signal by a photoelectric conversion circuit.
(4) And (4) carrying out analog denoising and amplification processing on the voltage signal obtained in the step (3) by the signal conditioning circuit.
(5) The microcontroller sequentially performs analog-to-digital conversion, digital signal processing, peak and trough extraction and blood oxygen saturation calculation on the signals acquired in the step (4),
the specific process of the step (5) is as follows:
analog-to-digital conversion: and (4) converting the analog signal acquired in the step (4) into a digital signal.
Processing digital signals:
first, an FIR filter is used to filter noise of the digital signal obtained in the first step, i.e., a clean digital signal can be obtained by performing convolution calculation on the window function and the digital signal obtained in the first step. The 660nm pulse wave signals before and after FIR filtering are shown in figure 2, and the 940nm pulse wave signals before and after FIR filtering are shown in figure 3.
Secondly, the invention provides a new algorithm for extracting the wave crests and the wave troughs of the acquired clean 660nm and 940nm pulse wave digital signals. In order to realize the miniaturization target, the extraction algorithm of the wave crest and the wave trough of the obtained clean digital signal is simpler. Taking a clean 660nm pulse wave digital signal as an example, the idea flow of the peak and trough extraction algorithm is shown in fig. 4. The peak and trough extraction process of the clean 940nm pulse wave digital signal is similar.
Thirdly, the invention provides an improved calculation formula of blood oxygen saturation:
SaO2=α·(SaO2)1+(1-α)·(SaO2)2=α·(A1·R+B1)+(1-α)·(A2·R2+B2·R+C2)
in the formula Imax(660nm)、Imin(660nm) respectively representing the peak and trough of a pulse wave signal obtained under the irradiation of 660nm red light, Imax(940nm)、Imin(940nm) respectively represents 940nm infrared light irradiationPeaks and troughs, A, of the acquired pulse wave signal1、B1、A2、B2、C2And the regression coefficient is expressed, alpha is a weight coefficient, and R is the relative change rate of the absorbance of the red light and the infrared light.
Wherein, the regression coefficient A1、B1In the calculation formula of blood oxygen saturation (SaO)2)1=A1·R+B1The method is determined by a large amount of experimental data calibration; regression coefficient A2、B2、C2In the calculation formula of blood oxygen saturation (SaO)2)2=A2·R2+B2·R+C2Determined by a number of experimental data scaling.
The obtained regression coefficient A1、B1、A2、B2、C2Embedded in the microcontroller and subsequently not changed. Inputting a set of blood oxygen saturation and R value, and optimally calculating formula SaO by using genetic algorithm2=α·(SaO2)1+(1-α)·(SaO2)2The blood oxygen saturation calculation model with the determined weight coefficient and regression coefficient can be obtained through the weight coefficient alpha, and the genetic algorithm optimization process is also embedded into a signal processing unit of the microcontroller.
Therefore, in the portable oxyhemoglobin saturation detection method for community medical treatment, the model can be quickly corrected by using a genetic algorithm as long as a group of oxyhemoglobin saturation and an R value are input in the correction process of the oxyhemoglobin saturation calculation model. The specific flow is shown in FIG. 5.
(6) And (4) transmitting the blood sample saturation value calculated in the step (5) to a display screen for displaying, simultaneously transmitting the blood sample saturation value to a data storage module for storing, and establishing a corresponding database.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for detecting blood oxygen saturation for community medical treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: placing a finger at the position of the pulse blood oxygen sensor, and starting the portable blood oxygen saturation detection system;
s2: setting the luminous intensity of a 660nm light emitter and a 940nm light emitter through a microcontroller, and controlling the 660nm light emitter and the 940nm light emitter to alternately emit corresponding optical signals at high frequency through a driving circuit by the microcontroller;
s3: the photoelectric conversion circuit converts the photocurrent signal obtained in step S2 into a voltage signal;
s4: the signal conditioning circuit carries out analog denoising and amplification processing on the voltage signal obtained in the step S3;
s5: the microcontroller sequentially performs analog-to-digital conversion, digital signal processing, peak and trough extraction and calculation of blood oxygen saturation on the signal acquired in the step S4; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s51: performing analog-to-digital conversion on the acquired signal, and converting an analog signal into a digital signal;
s52: filtering the noise of the digital signal obtained by analog-to-digital conversion by using an FIR filter;
s53: extracting peaks and troughs of the 660nm and 940nm pulse wave digital signals;
s54: the oxygen saturation degree of the blood is calculated,
SaO2=α·(A1·R+B1)+(1-α)·(A2·R2+B2·R+C2)
in the formula Imax(660nm)、Imin(660nm) respectively representing the peak and trough of a pulse wave signal obtained under the irradiation of 660nm red light, Imax(940nm)、Imin(940nm) represents pulses obtained under 940nm infrared light irradiationWave crest and trough of beat wave signal, A1、B1、A2、B2、C2Expressing regression coefficients, alpha expressing a weight coefficient, and R expressing the relative change rate of the absorbance of the red light and the infrared light;
s6: and (4) transmitting the blood sample saturation value calculated in the step (S5) to a display screen for displaying, simultaneously transmitting the blood sample saturation value to a data storage module for storage, and establishing a corresponding database.
2. The method for detecting blood oxygen saturation for community medical treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S53 of extracting peaks and troughs of digital signals of 660nm and 940nm pulse waves specifically comprises:
wave crest extraction:
s531: calculating the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the obtained clean digital signal, and taking the average value as a threshold value;
s532: comparing the obtained clean digital signals with a threshold value point by point, setting the obtained clean digital signals smaller than the threshold value as 0, and reserving the obtained clean digital signals larger than the threshold value to obtain digital signals SI;
s533: gradually stepping the digital signal SI to locate a non-zero segment in the digital signal SI;
s534: respectively solving the maximum values of all the non-zero segments, wherein the obtained maximum values are the wave crests of the originally obtained clean digital signals;
extracting troughs:
s535: calculating the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the obtained clean digital signal, and taking the average value as a threshold value;
s536: comparing the obtained clean digital signals with a threshold value point by point, setting the obtained clean digital signals larger than the threshold value as 0, and reserving the obtained clean digital signals smaller than the threshold value to obtain digital signals SII;
s537: gradually stepping the digital signal SII, and positioning non-zero segments in the digital signal SII;
s538: and respectively solving the minimum values of all the nonzero segments, wherein the obtained minimum values are the wave troughs of the originally obtained clean digital signals.
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