CN108462546A - The parameter selection method of low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for car networking V2X communications - Google Patents

The parameter selection method of low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for car networking V2X communications Download PDF

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CN108462546A
CN108462546A CN201810257996.2A CN201810257996A CN108462546A CN 108462546 A CN108462546 A CN 108462546A CN 201810257996 A CN201810257996 A CN 201810257996A CN 108462546 A CN108462546 A CN 108462546A
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car networking
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CN108462546B (en
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李玉珂
韩双双
杨林瑶
王飞跃
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Qingdao Intelligent Industry Institute For Research And Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
    • H04B17/3912—Simulation models, e.g. distribution of spectral power density or received signal strength indicator [RSSI] for a given geographic region
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/382—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels for resource allocation, admission control or handover
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of parameter selection methods of the low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for the V2X communications of vehicle net, by emulating six kinds of typical car networking V2X communication scenes, large-scale Doppler frequency shift is covered, by the coherence time T for comparing various scene respective channelscWith the mark space T of LoRa configurationssym, select smaller spreading factor and reduce mark space T with larger bandwidthsym, make mark space TsymLess than coherence time Tc, to avoid time of origin Selective intensity, obtain preferable system performance.

Description

The parameter selection method of low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for car networking V2X communications
Technical field
The invention belongs to internet of things field, are related to low-power consumption wan technology, are used for specifically, relating to one kind The selection method of the low-power consumption wide area network parameters of car networking V2X communications.
Background technology
Low-power consumption Wide Area Network (Low Power Wide Area Network, LPWAN) technology is remote in internet of things oriented The communication requirement of distance and low-power consumption, a kind of Internet of Things access technology occurred in recent years are a novel machine-to-machine (Machine- To-Machine) wireless access technology has the characteristics that low bandwidth, low-power consumption, remote, support magnanimity connection.Typically LPWAN technologies have LoRa (Long Range), NB-IoT, SigFox, NWave, OnRamp, Platanus, Telensa, Weightless, Amber Wireless etc..These technologies are all with wide scope, remote, low-power consumption technical characterstic. LPWAN technologies can be divided into two classes according to the frequency range difference of work：One kind be operate on unauthorized frequency range (ISM band, Industrial Scientific Medical) the technologies such as LoRa, SigFox；It is another kind of to be operate under authorized spectrum band, The 2/3/4G cellular telecommunication arts that 3GPP is supported, such as EC-GSM, LTECat-m, NB-IoT etc..LoRa is a kind of based on spread spectrum The remote Internet of Things Radio Transmission Technology of technology, it is mainly leading by U.S. Sheng Te (Semtech) company.Relative to other For LPWAN technologies, LoRa industrial chains are more mature, commercial applications are more early, are one of most representative LPWAN technologies.
Traditional car networking technology includes radio frequency RFID technique, Bluetooth, ZigBee, WiFi, WAVE-DSRC (vehicle Environment wireless access-dedicated short-range communication), the technologies such as 2G/3G/4G Cellular Networks.Compared with traditional car networking technology, LoRa can To support the sensing equipment per the millions of connections of cell, while covering the transmission range up to 10km.LoRa supports star-like net Network topological structure, each node directly with gateway/base station interconnection, can greatly simplify network design, support more preferable network scalability Property and control ability.
Nowadays, the research applied in mobile context for low-power consumption wan technology is very limited.For example, with reference to document “D.Patel and M.Won,“Exper imental Study on Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN)for Mobile Internet of Things,”in Proc.2017IEEE 85th Veh.Technol.Conf. (VTC Spring), Sydney, NSW, 2017, pp.1-5. ", author have built one for evaluating LPWAN technologies indoors outside The experiment of performance in mobile environment；Referring to document " Hsieh, Chao-Linag, et al., " A Vehicle Monitoring System Based on the LoRa Technique,”Int.J.of Mech.,Aerospace,Ind.,Mechatronic And Manufacturing Eng., vol.11, no.5, pp.1004-1010,2017. ", author have built one and have been based on LoRa Vehicle monitoring system；Referring to document " Y.S.Choue tal., " i-Car system:A LoRa-based low power wide area networks vehicle diagnostic system for driving safety,”in Proc.2017Int.Conf.Applied Syst.Innovation (ICASI), Sapporo, 2017, pp.789-791. ", Author proposes a vehicle diagnosing system based on LoRa.However, towards car networking V2X (Vehicle-to- Infrastructure and Vehicle-to-Vehicle, V2I and V2V) communication low-power consumption wan technology research Still belong to blank.
LoRa (Long Range) is a kind of low-power consumption wan technology that Sheng Te companies propose, it is a kind of based on chirp Spread the Radio Transmission Technology of (Chirp Spread Spectrum).The initialization of LoRa transmission plans needs to be related to four masters The parameter wanted includes mainly spreading factor (Spreading Factor, SF), bandwidth (Bandwidth, BW), carrier frequency (Carrier Frequency) and code check parameter (Code Rate).LoRa typically operates in industrial medical science ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) frequency range.The value range of LoRa spreading factors is 7-12, to realize Different data rates and transmission time.The bandwidth of LoRa is also very important parameter, and different LoRa modules have difference Bandwidth setting, as the bandwidth of SX1272 can take 125kHz, 250kHz, 500kHz；The bandwidth value range of SX1276 is 7.8-500kHz.The mark space T of LoRasym(symbol period) is directly determined by spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW, expression Formula is as follows：
The T it can be seen from expression formula (1)symWith 2SFIt is directly proportional, it is inversely proportional with bandwidth BW.
In vehicle-carrying communication scene, when vehicle during exercise, especially communicated in high-speed mobile, it is mobile eventually The signal frequency of end and base station receiving terminal can change, referred to as Doppler effect, and the frequency displacement that Doppler effect causes is known as more General Le frequency displacement.The coherence time T of channelcIt is defined as the maximum doppler frequency f of channelmInverse, i.e. Tc=1/fm.If transmitting The mark space T of signalsym＜ Tc, it is considered that receive signal experience is slow fading, i.e., the process that signal transmits in the channel In can be remained unchanged in several mark spaces；If emitting the mark space T of signalsym＞ Tc, it is considered that receiving signal Experience is rapid fading, time selective fading also referred to as, and the amplitude and phase of signal change very big in transmission process at this time, Cause distorted signals, accurately estimation is carried out to channel and equilibrium all brings great difficulty.
Invention content
The present invention is provided for rapid fading problem caused by Doppler effect in vehicle-carrying communication scene of the existing technology The parameter selection method of low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for car networking V2X communications a kind of, this method pass through the selection to parameter Time of origin Selective intensity is avoided, car networking V2X communications is made to obtain preferable system performance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for car networking V2X communications Parameter selection method, the specific steps are：
Vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle is emulated to two class car networking V2X communication scenes of road side facility, the vehicle-to-vehicle car networking V2V communications Scene include V2V highways head between scene, V2V highways scene in the same direction and the cities V2V building head on scene, the vehicle Including the expressways V2R scene, the cities V2R building between road side facility car networking V2R communication scenes head on scene and the suburbs V2R street Road scene；
Go out the relevant of each scene respective channels according to the movement speed of vehicle in each scene and Doppler frequency shift range computation Time；
LoRa configures different spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW obtains multiple and different mark space Tsym, by each scene pair Answer the coherence time T of channelcWith each mark space T of LoRasymIt is compared, if Tsym＜ TcWhen, then choose symbol at this time It is spaced TsymThe spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW of configuration.
Preferably, if the mark space T of multiple and different configuration spreading factor SF and bandwidth BWsymRespectively less than coherence time Tc When, select mark space TsymOne group of minimum spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW configuration.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Present invention firstly provides a kind of parameter selection method of the ground power consumption wide area network LoRa for vehicle net V2X communication, By emulating six kinds of typical car networking V2X communication scenes, large-scale Doppler frequency shift is covered, by comparing various scenes The coherence time T of respective channelscWith the mark space T of LoRa configurationssym, select smaller spreading factor and with larger bandwidth To reduce mark space Tsym, make mark space TsymLess than coherence time Tc, to avoid time of origin Selective intensity, obtain Preferable system performance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a-f are the typical car networking V2X communication scenes figures of six kinds of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that LoRa of the embodiment of the present invention configures different spreading factor SF and the mark space T of bandwidth BWsymWith six kinds The coherence time T of car networking V2X communication scenescComparison diagram.
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention one and BER of the scheme two under six kinds of typical car networking V2X communication scenes It can comparison diagram.
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the present invention one and BER of the scheme three under six kinds of typical car networking V2X communication scenes It can comparison diagram.
Specific implementation mode
In the following, the present invention is specifically described by illustrative embodiment.It should be appreciated, however, that not into one In the case of step narration, element, structure and features in an embodiment can also be advantageously incorporated into other embodiment In.
Present invention is disclosed a kind of parameter selection method of the low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for car networking V2X communication, The specific steps are：
S1, vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle is emulated to two class car networking V2X communication scenes of road side facility, the vehicle-to-vehicle car networking V2V Communication scenes include V2V highways head between scene, V2V highways scene in the same direction and the cities V2V building head on scene, institute State head on vehicle includes the expressways V2R scene, the cities V2R building between road side facility car networking V2R communication scenes scene and the suburbs V2R Area's street scene；
S2, the phase for going out each scene respective channels according to the movement speed of vehicle in each scene and Doppler frequency shift range computation The dry time；
S3, LoRa configure different spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW obtains multiple and different mark space Tsym, by each scene The coherence time T of respective channelscWith each mark space T of LoRasymIt is compared, if Tsym＜ TcWhen, then it chooses and accords at this time Number interval TsymThe spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW of configuration.
Transmission rate in order to ensure LoRa is big, as the preferred design of the above method, if multiple and different configurations spread spectrum because The mark space T of sub- SF and bandwidth BWsymRespectively less than coherence time TcWhen, select mark space TsymOne group of minimum spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW configuration.
If in practical applications, it is desirable that the transmission rate of LoRa is small, then in order to ensure the transmission rate of LoRa, is being expanded Frequency factor S F and when bandwidth BW, selects mark space TsymOne group of big spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW configuration.In practical application In, mark space T appropriate can be selected according to every communication service actual requirementsymThe spreading factor SF and bandwidth of configuration BW, to meet different demands.
Embodiment：
Referring to Fig. 1 a-1f, six kinds of typical car networking V2X communication scenes are emulated.It is scene 1 respectively：V2V highways are met Face scene (V2V Expressway Oncoming)；Scene 2：The expressways V2V scene in the same direction (V2V Expressway Same Direction with Wall)；Scene 3：Head on scene (V2V Urban Canyon Oncoming) between the building of the cities V2V； Scene 4：The expressways V2R scene (V2R Expressway)；Scene 5：Head on scene (V2R Urban between the building of the cities V2R Canyon Oncomi ng)；Scene 6：V2R outstreets scene (V2R Suburban Street).The channel parameter of each scene As shown in table 1.
Table 1
Scene Speed (km/h) Doppler frequency shift (Hz)
Scene 1 104 1000-1200
Scene 2 32-48 300
Scene 3 104 900-1150
Scene 4 104 600-700
Scene 5 32-48 400-500
Scene 6 32-48 300-500
The movement speed of vehicle and Doppler frequency shift range in each scene are listed in table 1, can be calculated respectively according to table 1 The coherence time T of scene respective channelsc.By the coherence time T of above-mentioned each typical car networking V2X communication scenescExpansions different from configuration The mark space T of the frequency factor S F and LoRa of bandwidth BWsymIt is compared.The bandwidth BW selection of wherein LoRa is representative Tri- kinds of bandwidth parameters of 125kHz, 250kHz, 500kHz, spreading factor SF select its standard setting range 7-12.The comparison of the two The results are shown in Figure 2.
Figure it is seen that when the spreading factor SF of LoRa is 7, the coherence time of six kinds of car networking V2X communication scenes TcIt is all higher than the mark space T of LoRasym.With the increase of spreading factor SF, the mark space T of LoRasymIt is exponentially increased At this moment situation only meets under conditions of specific bandwidth BW, the coherence time T of part scenecThe symbol of LoRa can be more than Number interval.For example, when the bandwidth BW that spreading factor SF is 9, LoRa takes 250kHz 500kHz, there is only scene 2, scenes 5 and scene 6 coherence time TcMark space T more than LoRasym.When the spreading factor SF of LoRa is more than 10, six kinds of scenes Coherence time TcThe mark space T of respectively less than LoRasym, signal meeting in the transmission process of these channel scenarios is received at this time Rapid fading is undergone, distorted signals is caused, accurately estimation is carried out to channel and equalizing strip is next greatly difficult.
Therefore, when designing low-power consumption wide area network transmission technical solution towards car networking V2X communication services, to fight moving field Rapid fading problem caused by Doppler effect in scape, design LoRa transmission plans should select larger bandwidth BW and smaller spread spectrum Factor S F reduces the mark space T of LoRasym, make it below the coherence time T of channelc, to avoid time of origin selective Decline obtains preferable system performance to accurately estimate and equalization channel.
When selecting the parameter of LoRa for above-mentioned six kinds typical car networking V2X communication scenes of the present embodiment, to make LoRa Mark space TsymLess than the coherence time T of channelc, when the bandwidth BW of LoRa takes 500kHz, the spreading factor SF of LoRa is answered This is set to less than 9, and when the bandwidth BW of LoRa takes 250kHz, the spreading factor SF of LoRa should be set to less than 8, when When the bandwidth BW of LoRa takes 125kHz, the spreading factor SF of LoRa should be less than 7.
In order to preferably evaluate the parameter selection of the low-power consumption wide area network LoRa of the present invention for car networking V2X communications Method, three kinds chosen below different parameter selection schemes are respectively：
Scheme one：Parameter is SF=7, BW=500kHz；
Scheme two：Parameter is SF=7, BW=125kHz；
Scheme three：Parameter is SF=10, BW=500kHz.
Above-mentioned three kinds of parametric schemes are tested respectively in six kinds of typical car networking V2X communication scenes, it is soft using MATLAB Part carries out Monte Carlo simulation, observes the performance of BER (Bit Error Performance, BER) of each scheme.Emulation system The parameter of system is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Compare scheme one and scheme two first.Two spreading factor SF having the same of scheme one and scheme, scheme one have The bandwidth BW of bigger.By LoRa mark spaces TsymDefinition, scheme one obviously have smaller mark space Tsym, it is more easy to be less than The coherence time T of channelc.Therefore the letter as caused by Doppler occurs in vehicle-mounted mobile communication environment for the reception signal of scheme one Number distortion probability can be much smaller.
Referring to Fig. 3, the BER as shown in the figure for scheme one and scheme two under six kinds of typical car networking V2X communication scenes It can compare, horizontal axis is signal-to-noise ratio (Signal-to-Noise Ratio, SNR), unit dB.It can be obtained by Fig. 3 observations, scheme one It is better than scheme two under V2V and V2R scenes.When signal-to-noise ratio is 0dB, bit error rate of the scheme one under most of scenes exists 10-2Left and right, as SNR increases, the bit error rate of scheme one is reduced to 10-3.However, mistake ratio of the scheme two under six kinds of scenes Special rate performance is very poor, all shows Error floor effect in the entire sections SNR.This is because scheme two has selected smaller bandwidth BW parameters make mark space TsymIt is larger, it has been even more than the coherence time T of system channelcSo that mistake of the scheme two in transmission Rapid fading effect occurs in journey, causes distorted signals, the severe exacerbation performance of system.
Referring to Fig. 4, the performance pair as shown in the figure for scheme one and scheme three under six kinds of typical car networking V2X communication scenes Than the performance of BER of scheme three is shown in dotted line.Three bandwidth BW having the same of scheme one and scheme, scheme three have The spreading factor SF of bigger.By LoRa mark spaces TsymDefinition, give bandwidth BW value when, the increase of spreading factor SF values It can make the mark space T of LoRasymThe trend exponentially risen, therefore the mark space T of scheme threesymIt is the octuple of scheme one. Three parametric scheme of scheme makes the mark space T of LoRasymIt is excessive, easily cause rapid fading effect.By in Fig. 4 can be obviously See that performance of BER of the scheme three under six kinds of scenes is very poor, serious Error floor effect is all presented in the entire sections SNR It answers.In six kinds of scenes, the performance of BER of scheme one is significantly better than scheme three.
Therefore in car networking V2X communication scenes, for rapid fading effect, LoRa caused by Doppler in confrontation mobile context Parametric scheme should select large bandwidth BW and smaller spreading factor SF, to reduce its mark space, make it below channel Coherence time obtain preferable system performance to avoid time of origin Selective intensity.
Embodiment provided above only with illustrating the present invention for convenience, and it is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention, Technical solution scope of the present invention, person of ordinary skill in the field make various simple deformations and modification, should all include In the above claim.

Claims (2)

1. the parameter selection method of low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for car networking V2X communications a kind of, which is characterized in that it is specific Step is：
Vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle is emulated to two class car networking V2X communication scenes of road side facility, the vehicle-to-vehicle car networking V2V communication scenes Heading between scene, V2V highways scene in the same direction and the cities V2V building including V2V highways, head-on scene, the vehicle satisfy the need Side facility car networking V2R communication scenes include head between V2R highways scene, the cities V2R building scene and V2R outstreets Scene；
Go out the coherence time of each scene respective channels according to the movement speed of vehicle in each scene and Doppler frequency shift range computation；
LoRa configures different spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW obtains multiple and different mark space Tsym, each scene is corresponded to and is believed The coherence time T in roadcWith each mark space T of LoRasymIt is compared, if Tsym＜ TcWhen, then choose mark space at this time TsymThe spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW of configuration.
2. the parameter selection method for the low-power consumption wide area network LoRa of car networking V2X communications as described in claim 1, special Sign is, if the mark space T of multiple and different configuration spreading factor SF and bandwidth BWsymRespectively less than coherence time TcWhen, selector Number interval TsymOne group of minimum spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW configuration.
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