CN108456125B

CN108456125B - C L-20 and CBNT eutectic explosive and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN108456125B
Application number: CN201810192773.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张晓鹏; 金韶华; 王小军; 束庆海; 吴一歌; 尚凤琴; 李丽洁; 陈琨; 陈树森; 兰贯超; 王霞; 鲁志艳
Original assignee: Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Current assignee: Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Priority date: 2018-03-09
Filing date: 2018-03-09
Publication date: 2020-08-07
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-09
Also published as: CN108456125A

Abstract

The invention relates to a C L-20 and CBNT eutectic explosive and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of energetic materials, wherein hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (C L-20) and 5,5 '-dinitroamino-3, 3' -bi-triazole carbonyl hydrazine salt (CBNT) are used as raw materials, and a solvent/non-solvent method is adopted to prepare the C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive, the energy of the prepared C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive is equivalent to that of C L-20, and the sensitivity is greatly reduced compared with that of C L-20, the preparation cost of the prepared C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive is lower than that of C L-20, the preparation process is simple, the operation is convenient, the conditions are mild, and the preparation method is suitable for large-scale preparation.

Description

C L-20 and CBNT eutectic explosive and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-energy low-sensitivity eutectic explosive and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a C L-20 and CBNT eutectic explosive and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of energetic materials.

Background

With the continuous development of high and new technologies and the increasingly complex battlefield environment, the requirements of modern war on ammunition weapons are more and more stringent. The warhead is required to have the characteristics of long range, high power and high energy, and meanwhile, in order to improve the viability of the fighter of the opposite party, an ammunition system has the characteristic of insensitivity (namely insensitivity). Among them, insensitive explosives are the focus and hot spot of research on energetic materials in the 21 st century. The eutectic technology provides a new technical approach for preparing the insensitive high-energy energetic material.

In 1987, Nielsen of the American naval weapon center synthesized hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW or C L-20) for the first time, the density of C L-20 was 2.04g/cm3, the theoretical detonation velocity was 9500m/s, the detonation pressure was 43GPa, the density of the elementary explosive is 8% higher than that of HMX, the detonation velocity is 6% higher, and the detonation pressure is 8% higher, so far, the elementary explosive with the highest energy is known as 'high-energy explosive' by the International explosive Ministry, but due to the higher mechanical sensitivity, the application of C L-20 in weaponry is seriously influenced.

C L-20/TNT, C L-20/DNP, C L-20/HMX, C L-20/RDX, C L-20/TATB, C L-20/LL M-105 and other C L-20 based eutectic explosives appear in succession, but due to ligands, the currently prepared eutectic explosives have either lower sensitivity and simultaneously lower energy greatly, or have smaller energy reduction amplitude and relatively higher sensitivity compared with C L-20.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that the sensitivity and energy cannot be balanced in the prior art, and provides a C L-20/5, 5 '-dinitroamino-3, 3' -bi-triazole carbonyl hydrazine salt (CBNT) eutectic explosive and a preparation method thereof.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

The C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive disclosed by the invention has the molar ratio of C L-20 to CBNT of 1:10-10: 1.

A preparation method of a C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive comprises the following steps:

adding C L-20 and CBNT into a solvent, wherein the molar ratio of C L-20 to CBNT is 1:10-10:1, the addition amount of the solvent is related to C L-20, namely 1g of C L-20 needs to be dissolved in 0.1-30 ml of the solvent, heating to 40-90 ℃ for complete dissolution, cooling to 20-35 ℃, then adding a non-solvent, wherein the volume ratio of the solvent to the non-solvent is 1: 1-6, stirring, filtering and drying to obtain the C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive.

The solvent is one or a mixture of two or three of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).

The non-solvent is water or ethanol or a mixture of the two.

Advantageous effects

1. The energy (the detonation velocity is 9200-9400m/s) of the prepared C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive is equivalent to that of C L-20, and the sensitivity (the impact sensitivity is 10-35cm) is greatly reduced compared with that of C L-20.

2. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, convenient operation, mild conditions and suitability for large-scale preparation.

3. The C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive prepared by the invention has comprehensive performance superior to that of C L-20, and simultaneously, the cost is greatly reduced compared with that of C L-20.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing a eutectic explosive of C L-20 and CBNT according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of C L-20, CBNT and eutectic explosive of C L-20 and CBNT of embodiment 2 of the invention, wherein, a is a scanning electron microscope image of C L-20, b is a scanning electron microscope image of CBNT, C, d, e are scanning electron microscope images of C L-20/CBNT eutectic;

FIG. 3 is an infrared spectrum of C L-20, CBNT and eutectic explosive of C L-20 and CBNT of example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a powder diffraction pattern of C L-20, CBNT and eutectic explosive of C L-20 and CBNT of example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a Raman spectrum of C L-20, CBNT and eutectic explosive of C L-20 and CBNT of example 2;

FIG. 6 is a thermogram of C L-20, CBNT and eutectic explosive of C L-20 and CBNT of example 2 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, but is not limited by the following examples.

Example 1

The C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive disclosed by the invention has the molar ratio of C L-20 to CBNT of 1: 10.

Adding 0.438g of Cl-20 and 3.46g of CBNT into 5m L DMSO, heating to 90 ℃, cooling to 35 ℃, adding 15ml of non-solvent water, stirring for 0.5H after the two raw materials are completely dissolved, filtering, washing a filter cake with 20m L water once to obtain 3.5g C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive, wherein the detonation velocity of the eutectic explosive is 9300m/s, and the impact sensitivity (H) is high (H)₅₀) Is 35 cm.

Example 2

The C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive disclosed by the invention has the molar ratio of C L-20 to CBNT of 1: 1.

Adding 4.38g of Cl-20 and 3.46g of CBNT into 10m L DMSO, heating to 80 ℃, cooling to 25 ℃, adding 35ml of nonsolvent ethanol, stirring for 0.5H after the two raw materials are completely dissolved, filtering, washing a filter cake with 20m L water once to obtain 7.05g C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive, wherein the detonation velocity of the eutectic explosive is 9350m/s, and the impact sensitivity (H) is high (H)₅₀) Is 28 cm. Wherein the scanning electron microscope of the raw material and the eutectic explosive is shown in figure 2; the infrared spectrum of the raw material and the eutectic explosive is shown in figure 3; powder diffraction of the raw material and the eutectic explosive is shown in figure 4; the raman spectra of the raw material and the eutectic explosive are shown in fig. 5; thermal analysis of the feedstock and the eutectic explosive is shown in figure 6.

The crystal form and appearance of the eutectic explosive are obviously changed compared with two raw materials as can be seen from FIG. 2, the characteristic peak of the eutectic explosive is obviously shifted or changed in strength compared with the two raw materials as can be seen from FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the decomposition peak temperature of the eutectic explosive is between the decomposition peak temperatures of the two raw materials as can be seen from FIG. 6.

Example 3

The molar ratio of C L-20 to CBNT of the C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive is 2: 1.

4.38g of Cl-20 and 1.73g of CBNT were added to 10m L of NMP, the temperature was raised to 60 ℃,after the two raw materials are completely dissolved, cooling to 20 ℃, adding 30ml of mixed solution of non-solvent water and ethanol (the volume ratio is 1:1), stirring for 1H after the two raw materials are completely added, then filtering, washing a filter cake once by using 20m L water to obtain the 5.50g C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive, wherein the detonation velocity of the eutectic explosive is 9270m/s, and the impact sensitivity (H) is H₅₀) Is 15 cm.

Example 4

The C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive disclosed by the invention has the molar ratio of C L-20 to CBNT of 1: 2.

Adding 2.19g of Cl-20 and 3.46g of CBNT into 10m L mixed solvent (the volume ratio of DMF to DMSO is 1:1), heating to 85 ℃, cooling to 20 ℃, adding 40ml of non-solvent water, stirring for 0.5H after the two raw materials are completely dissolved, filtering, washing a filter cake once with 20m L water to obtain 5.08g C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive, wherein the detonation velocity of the eutectic explosive is 9250m/s, and the impact sensitivity (H) is high₅₀) Is 30 cm.

Example 5

The molar ratio of C L-20 to CBNT of the C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive is 5: 3.

Adding 5.48g of Cl-20 and 2.6g of CBNT into 10m L mixed solvent (the volume ratio of DMF to NMP is 1:1), heating to 70 ℃, cooling to 30 ℃, adding 60ml of non-solvent (the volume ratio of water to ethanol is 2:1) after the two raw materials are completely dissolved, stirring for 0.5H, filtering, washing a filter cake with 20m L water once to obtain 7.27g C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive, wherein the detonation velocity of the eutectic explosive is 9200m/s, and the impact sensitivity (H) is H₅₀) Is 20 cm.

Example 6

The C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive provided by the invention has a molar ratio of C L-20 to CBNT of 10: 1.

Adding 4.38g of Cl-20 and 0.346g of CBNT into 3m L mixed solvent (the volume ratio of DMF, NMP and DMSO is 1:1:1), heating to 40 ℃, cooling to 25 ℃, adding 8ml of non-solvent (the volume ratio of water to ethanol is 1:2) when the two raw materials are completely dissolved, stirring for 2H after the addition is finished, filtering, washing the filter cake once with 20m L water to obtain 4.25g C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive, wherein the detonation velocity of the eutectic explosive is 9220m/s, and the impact sensitivity (H) is H₅₀) Is 10 cm.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, the resulting eutectic explosive had impact sensitivity (H is larger as the characteristic drop height is larger) with little decrease in securing ability₅₀The lower the impact feeling) is greatly reduced.

The C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive is prepared by a solvent/non-solvent method, the structural representation is carried out by methods such as a scanning electron microscope, an infrared spectrum, powder diffraction, a Raman spectrum and thermal analysis, the detonation velocity of the eutectic explosive is calculated, and the sensitivity of the eutectic explosive is tested.

The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane and 5,5 '-dinitroamino-3, 3' -bi-triazole carbonyl hydrazine salt eutectic explosive comprises the following steps:

adding C L-20 and CBNT into a solvent, adding C L-20 and CBNT in a certain molar ratio into a certain amount of solvent, heating to 40-90 ℃ to completely dissolve, cooling to 20-35 ℃, adding a non-solvent, wherein the volume ratio of the solvent to the non-solvent is 1: 1-6, stirring, filtering and drying to obtain the C L-20/CBNT eutectic explosive;

the solvent is characterized in that: the solvent is one or a mixture of two or three of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone;

the non-solvent is characterized in that: the non-solvent is water or ethanol or a mixture of the water and the ethanol;

the C L-20 and CBNT with a certain molar ratio are characterized in that the molar ratio of the C L-20 to the CBNT is 1:10-10: 1;

the certain amount of the solvent is characterized in that the addition amount of the solvent is related to C L-20, namely 1g of C L-20 needs to be dissolved in 0.1-30 ml of the solvent.