CN108448959A - A kind of motor effective air gap model - Google Patents
A kind of motor effective air gap model Download PDFInfo
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- CN108448959A CN108448959A CN201810214076.2A CN201810214076A CN108448959A CN 108448959 A CN108448959 A CN 108448959A CN 201810214076 A CN201810214076 A CN 201810214076A CN 108448959 A CN108448959 A CN 108448959A
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- air gap
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- magnetomotive force
- effective air
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/50—Reduction of harmonics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/34—Modelling or simulation for control purposes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/14—Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/01—Asynchronous machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation
- H02P2207/055—Surface mounted magnet motors
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of motor effective air gap models, establish effective air gap model based on unified air-gap field modulation theory, typical induction machine and synchronous motor structure are divided into three parts, the cascade of initial excitation magnetomotive force, modulator and filter.An initial magnetomotive force distribution is established in initial excitation source on physical air gap；Modulators modulate initial excitation magnetomotive force is distributed to generate a series of mmf harmonics components, and all mmf harmonics components generate corresponding magnetic flux density harmonic component in air gap；Armature winding extracts effective air gap flux density harmonic component as space harmonics filter and generates magnetic linkage or electromotive force for incuding, and for load supplying or receives synchronizing current to generate corresponding machinery output.The effective air gap model mathematical expression of the present invention is clearly succinct, and effective qualitative description air-gap field modulation behavior, reflection electric machine operating characteristic, and the inner link of energy visual verification induction machine motor and synchronous motor, difference can be understood to deepen theoretic comprehension.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alternating current generator technical field more particularly to a kind of motor effective air gap models.
Background technology
Induction machine and synchronous motor are the most traditional alternating current generators, due to its is reliable and stable, mature, be easy to plus
Work and control the advantages such as convenient, be always the research hotspot in conventional motors field, such as in a fault situation faults-tolerant control, effectively carry
It rises torque transfer capability and motor whole efficiency, establish electric machine theory analysis model to analyze loss characteristic, saturated characteristic analysis
And novel topological structure exploration etc. has scholar and does a lot of work.Completely not due to its topological structure and operation logic
Together, induction machine and synchronous motor are always divided into different chapters and sections in conventional motors, can not effectively establish in this way
In them contact and similarity analysis.
Have scholar it is initiative utilize differential means, as the Kirchhoff's law of electricity, the dAlembert principle of mechanics and
The maxwell equation group of electromagnetism and the Hamilton principle of the variation means such as kinematics of machinery carry out unified analysis and discuss biography
The characteristic of system motor.Though these work are by means of the mathematical expressions skill such as matrix, transmission function, block diagram, its mathematical expression mistake
Not apparent enough in complicated and physical significance, especially gas gap energy conversion pass through mechanism is not expressed well, therefore simultaneously
It cannot effectively reflect electric machine operating characteristic.In the 1930s, scholar Krona proposes, the equation of motion of any motor can be from
It derives in prototype machine and is solved using unified method, referred to as the general theory of motor.Scholar's Derrick Adkins are from electromechanics
The angle of energy conversion has set out Theory of Electrical Motor Integration perfect, and four coil prototype motor models are established based on axis theory, and
It is that conventional motors development is gone through according to the magnetic linkage of model inference induction machine and synchronous motor, voltage, torque equivalent equation
An important milestone in history.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a kind of motor effective air gap model, to motor of promoting exchange
Theoretic comprehension and study.
Technical solution：To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of motor effective air gap
Motor topology is divided into the cascade of initial excitation magnetomotive force, modulator and filter by model；The initial excitation magnetomotive force
The initial magnetomotive force distribution that exciting current is established on physical air gap is passed to for permanent magnet or equivalent Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, including a variety of humorous
Wave component；The modulators modulate initial excitation magnetomotive force distribution generates a series of mmf harmonics components, and all magnetic is dynamic
Gesture harmonic component generates corresponding magnetic flux density harmonic component in air gap；The filter makees space harmonics choosing by armature winding
Selecting property filters, and extract effective air gap flux density harmonic component for incude generate magnetic linkage or electromotive force, for load supplying
Or it receives synchronizing current and generates corresponding machinery output.
Further, it is convex according to the difference of electric machine structure to be divided into unit modulation device, short-circuited coil and magnetic resistance for the modulator
Pole.
Further, the modulator is unit tune in wound induction motor and hidden pole type synchronous motor topological structure
Device processed is short-circuited coil in cage type induction motor topological structure, convex for magnetic resistance in salient pole type synchronous motor topological structure
Pole.
Further, corresponding modulation operator is proposed according to different modulators, derives modulated excitation magnetomotive force
Function is distributed, to express the electromagnetic parameters expression formula such as air gap flux density, magnetic linkage, back-emf, torque and inductance characteristic.
Further, the modulated periodic function of unit modulation device is identical with itself.
Further, the modulation operator of short-circuited coil is：
Wherein, NSCFor the unit number of short-circuited coil, γ is the span of short-circuited coil, and f (φ, t) is initial excitation magnetomotive force
Distribution function, φ are circumferential position mechanical angle under rest frame,φFor circumferential position mechanical angle under modulator coordinate system,
NjAnd ijRespectively short-circuited coil jth ring winding function and electric current.
Further, the tune operator of magnetic resistance salient pole is：
Wherein, NRTFor rotor number of poles, εRTFor rotor tooth socket ratio, o is width of rebate, tdFor tooth pitch, κ o/tdFunction,
Subscript r represents rotor, CRThe air gap circumferential surface discontinuity interval occupied for rotor tooth.
Advantageous effect：The present invention effective air gap model can united analysis induction machine and synchronous motor, according to modulator
Difference propose corresponding modulation operator to derive the electromagnetic parameters such as its air gap flux density, magnetic linkage, back-emf, torque and inductance characteristic
Expression formula, and establish electromagnetic parameter and contacted with the direct of motor Basic Topological, join substantially so as to quantitative analysis motor
Number performance simultaneously optimizes offer theory instruction to its performance.
The effective air gap model mathematical expression of the present invention is clear succinctly, physical significance is apparent, can understand effectively qualitative retouch
State air-gap field modulation behavior, reflection electric machine operating characteristic, and the inherence of energy visual verification induction machine motor and synchronous motor
Contact is distinguished to deepen theoretic comprehension.
The effective air gap model of the present invention is independent of induction machine and the completely different operation logic of synchronous motor, structure
Characteristic, basic focus are that, due to the difference of initial excitation magnetomotive force modulator caused by topological structure difference, it is right
The united analysis of induction machine and synchronous motor provides brand-new thinking for the research of conventional motors, convenient for promoting to tradition
The theoretical cognition and characteristic study of alternating current generator.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is effective air gap illustraton of model；
Fig. 2 is three big cascaded sections schematic diagram of effective air gap model；
Fig. 3 is wound induction motor and hidden pole type synchronous motor unit modulation behavior schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is short-circuited coil modulator schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is cage type induction motor short-circuited coil modulators modulate behavior schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is magnetic resistance salient pole modulator schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is salient pole type synchronous motor magnetic resistance salient pole modulators modulate behavior schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, motor effective air gap model of the present invention, the analysis suitable for classical alternating current generator are built
Typical induction machine and synchronous motor topology are uniformly divided into initial excitation magnetomotive force 1, the grade of modulator 2 and filter 3 by mould
Connection.Wherein, there are notable difference, wound induction motor and hidden pole type synchronous motors in different topology structure is for modulator 2
Unit modulation device 21, cage type induction motor are short-circuited coil 22, and salient pole type synchronous motor is magnetic resistance salient pole 23.According to different
Modulator 2 proposes corresponding modulation operator, for the deriving analysis of electromagnetic parameter.
In most cases, the stator of small opening and rotor (o/td<0.3) slotless configuration is may be considered that, unless meeting
To channel opening to be studied influence the case where, such as the research of harmonic loss in cage type induction motor, tooth in permanent magnet synchronous motor
The research etc. of slot torque.Slotless configuration will not have an impact the distribution of initial excitation magnetomotive force 1, be defined as unit modulation
Device 21, corresponding modulation behavior are known as unit modulation, i.e., modulated periodic function is identical with itself, as shown in Figure 3.Coiling
The Sine distribution union space in air gap of formula induction machine initial excitation magnetomotive force 1 rotates, and due to small opening slot structure, stator
Modulation behavior with rotor tooth can be seen as unit modulation.Hidden pole type synchronous motor is similar with wound induction motor structure,
Multiphase need only be distributed AC excitation winding and change single-phase distribution DC excitation winding into.Without apparent magnetic on its rotor
Salient pole is hindered, and is made as small notching construction and is used to place the single-phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection of Sine distribution and is passed through DC excitation electric current,
Initial excitation magnetomotive force 1 is Sine distribution and static.As shown in figure 3, wound induction motor and hidden pole type synchronous motor,
Armature winding on stator is that multiphase is overlapped winding, plays the role of the filter 3 of specific frequency selection in space, it is extremely right only to allow
Number pf=1 space-harmonic component by and incude and generate magnetic linkage and back-emf.
For alternating current magnetic field, short-circuited coil 22 is an ideal high impedance, and by arranging meticulously, short-circuited coil 22 can be with
Change initial excitation magnetomotive force by being superimposed the additional magnetomotive force that an induction generates on the basis of initial excitation magnetomotive force 1
The frequency spectrum of 1 distribution.Short-circuited coil 22 is a passive equipment, it relies on the speed discrepancy between initial excitation magnetomotive force 1 and modulator 2
Alternating current is generated in short-circuited coil 22, to establish an additional excitation magnetomotive force on air gap, as shown in Figure 4.It is short
The modulation behavior of road coil 22 can use modulation operator M (NSC, γ) and [] described, i.e., shown in formula 1：
Wherein, NSCFor 22 unit number of short-circuited coil, it reflects the on off state number of each cycle internal modulator 2；γ is short
22 span of road coil；F (φ, t) is initial excitation magnetomotive force distribution function；φ is circumferential position mechanical angle under rest frame
Degree,φFor circumferential position mechanical angle under 2 coordinate system of modulator；NjAnd ijRespectively 22 jth ring winding function of short-circuited coil and electricity
Stream.
As shown in figure 5, cage type induction motor stator and rotor open sulculus, and stator winding be multiphase Distributed Winding,
Short-circuited coil 22 is placed on rotor, modulation operator is as shown in Equation 1.The initial excitation magnetic that multiphase distribution stator winding is established is dynamic
Gesture 1 is Sine distribution, and along air gap with ωf/pfRotating speed rotation.If placing the rotor of short-circuited coil 22 relative to initial
1 asynchronous rotation of excitation magnetomotive force will will produce alternating current and further establish an additional magnetic on air gap in coil and moves
Gesture is distributed, referred to as secondary excitation magnetomotive force.Modulated excitation magnetomotive force is initial excitation magnetomotive force 1 and secondary excitation magnetomotive force
Result after superposition.Armature winding on stator extracts desired space-harmonic component and generates magnetic linkage and electronic for incuding
Gesture.For cage type induction motor, what armature winding to be extracted is that number of pole-pairs is pfFundametal compoment, so armature winding
Main pole logarithm it is equal with the number of pole-pairs of initial excitation magnetomotive force 1, equally, the mechanical separator speed of armature magnetomotive force and initial excitation magnetic
The mechanical separator speed of kinetic potential 1 is also equal.
Most common magnetic resistance salient pole 23 is simple salient pole, and cardinal principle is the ratio of larger channel opening notch to tooth pitch
The influence of slot ripples can be dramatically increased more than or equal to 0.3.The presence of simple salient pole does not interfere in slot current－carrying conductor in air gap table
The electric current per unit length distribution function that face generates, electric current per unit length distribution function is still discrete to be distributed in each notch center a bit, but
The structure will change distribution of the magnetomotive force along air gap, and then influence gap density distribution.It rationally designs salient pole and synchronizes electricity
The rotating pole-piece of machine is so that the air-gap field distribution generated is as sinusoidal as possible.Rotor magnetic resistance salient pole 23 utilizes the alternating of magnetic conductance size
Change and the distribution of arbitrary initial excitation magnetomotive force 1 being applied on air gap is modulated, as shown in Figure 6.Rotor magnetic resistance salient pole 23
Modulating action can use rotor modulation operator M (NRT,εRT) [] be described, it is defined as the period that any period is 2 π
The mapping of piecewise function on function to the section [0,2 π], i.e., shown in formula 2：
Wherein, NRTFor rotor number of poles, εRTFor rotor tooth socket ratio, o is width of rebate, tdFor tooth pitch；κ is o/tdFunction,
Subscript r represents rotor, CRThe air gap circumferential surface discontinuity interval occupied for rotor tooth.
23 rotor of magnetic resistance salient pole of salient pole type synchronous motor is typically designed to big opening structure o/td>=0.3 is preferable to generate
Modulation effect.Pole type synchronous motor usually has 23 rotor of magnetic resistance salient pole and DC excitation winding with pole shoe, such as Fig. 7 institutes
Show.The initial excitation magnetomotive force 1 that DC excitation winding establishes rectangular wave shape on air gap is distributed, and magnetomotive force distribution is further
The excitation magnetomotive force distribution of generation sinusoidal shape after modulation is synchronized by 23 modulator of rotor magnetic resistance salient pole.Due to stator teeth notching
It is small, the asynchronous modulation behavior of sinusoidal magnetomotive force distribution can be ignored.Armature winding on stator is usually multiphase weight
Lap winding can only allow the harmonic field component of specific main pole logarithm to pass through in this way.In order to maximize magnetic linkage and electromotive force, electricity
The main pole logarithm of pivot winding should be equal with the magnetomotive main pole logarithm of modulated excitation.
The present invention is by proposing different modulators, to propose corresponding modulation operator, in order to derive modulation
The excitation magnetomotive force function distribution crossed, so as to give expression to the electricity such as air gap flux density, magnetic linkage, back-emf, torque and inductance characteristic
Magnetic parameter expression formula.And these expression formula mathematical expressions understand simple, explicit physical meaning, and it is straight with motor Basic Topological
Correlation is connect, quantitative analysis motor basic parameter performance and theoretical optimization design guidance can be provided.The motor of the present invention is equivalent
Air gap model being capable of clearly qualitative description air-gap field modulation behavior, reflection electric machine operating characteristic, and energy visual verification induction
The inner link of motor and synchronous motor, difference, to promote the theory to traditional AC motor to recognize.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of motor effective air gap model, it is characterised in that：Motor topology is divided into initial excitation magnetomotive force (1), is adjusted
The cascade of device (2) and filter (3) processed；
The initial excitation magnetomotive force (1) is that permanent magnet or equivalent Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection pass to what exciting current was established on physical air gap
Initial magnetomotive force distribution, including a variety of harmonic components；
Modulator (2) the modulation initial excitation magnetomotive force (1) is distributed, and generates a series of mmf harmonics components, and all
Mmf harmonics component generates corresponding magnetic flux density harmonic component in air gap；
The filter (3) makees space harmonics selective filter by armature winding, and extracts effective air gap flux density harmonic wave
Component generates magnetic linkage or electromotive force for incuding, and is that load supplying or reception synchronizing current generate corresponding machinery output.
2. motor effective air gap model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The modulator (2) is according to motor knot
The difference of structure is divided into unit modulation device (21), short-circuited coil (22) and magnetic resistance salient pole (23).
3. motor effective air gap model according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The modulator (2) is in Wound-rotor type sense
It is unit modulator (21) to answer in motor and hidden pole type synchronous motor topological structure, is in cage type induction motor topological structure
Short-circuited coil (22) is magnetic resistance salient pole (23) in salient pole type synchronous motor topological structure.
4. motor effective air gap model according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It proposes to correspond to according to different modulators
Modulation operator, modulated excitation magnetomotive force function distribution is derived, to express air gap flux density, magnetic linkage, back-emf, torque
And the electromagnetic parameters expression formula such as inductance characteristic.
5. motor effective air gap model according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Unit modulation device (21) modulated week
Phase function is identical with itself.
6. motor effective air gap model according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The modulation operator of short-circuited coil (22)
For：
Wherein, NSCFor the unit number of short-circuited coil, γ is the span of short-circuited coil, and f (φ, t) is distributed for initial excitation magnetomotive force
Function, φ are circumferential position mechanical angle under rest frame, and φ is circumferential position mechanical angle under modulator coordinate system, NjWith
ijRespectively short-circuited coil jth ring winding function and electric current.
7. motor effective air gap model according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The tune operator of magnetic resistance salient pole (23)
For：
Wherein, NRTFor rotor number of poles, εRTFor rotor tooth socket ratio, o is width of rebate, tdFor tooth pitch, κ o/tdFunction, subscript r
Represent rotor, CRThe air gap circumferential surface discontinuity interval occupied for rotor tooth.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810214076.2A CN108448959A (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2018-03-15 | A kind of motor effective air gap model |
| PCT/CN2019/078227 WO2019174627A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2019-03-15 | Equivalent air gap model for motor |
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| CN201810214076.2A CN108448959A (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2018-03-15 | A kind of motor effective air gap model |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019174627A1 (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-19 | 东南大学 | Equivalent air gap model for motor |
| EP3686409A1 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-07-29 | General Electric Company | Electric machines with air gap control systems, and systems and methods of controlling an air gap in an electric machine |
| CN112559953A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-26 | 华中科技大学 | Signal processing method and system for realizing discrete Hilbert transform |
| CN112636503A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-09 | 东南大学 | Composite rotor brushless double-fed motor and determination method of mechanical offset angle thereof |
| CN116317233A (en) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-06-23 | 江苏大学 | Surface-embedded permanent magnet type double-stator hybrid excitation motor, design analysis method thereof and performance optimization method of air gap field harmonic wave |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111181470A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-05-19 | 淄博高新区华科大高效节能电机技术研发中心 | Harmonic suppression method for brushless double-fed motor |
| CN112162213A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-01 | 辽宁红沿河核电有限公司 | Excitation winding short-circuit fault detection method and device of multi-phase angular brushless excitation system |
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| CN105720874A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-29 | 同济大学 | Motor air-gap field modeling method based on distribution parameter, and application of the same |
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| CN108448959A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-24 | 东南大学 | A kind of motor effective air gap model |
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| CN105720874A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-29 | 同济大学 | Motor air-gap field modeling method based on distribution parameter, and application of the same |
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| MING CHENG ETC: "General Airgap Field Modulation Theory for Electrical Machines", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS》 * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019174627A1 (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-19 | 东南大学 | Equivalent air gap model for motor |
| EP3686409A1 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-07-29 | General Electric Company | Electric machines with air gap control systems, and systems and methods of controlling an air gap in an electric machine |
| US11329585B2 (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2022-05-10 | General Electric Company | Electric machines with air gap control systems, and systems and methods of controlling an air gap in an electric machine |
| US11962255B2 (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2024-04-16 | General Electric Company | Electric machines with air gap control systems, and systems and methods of controlling an air gap in an electric machine |
| CN112559953A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-26 | 华中科技大学 | Signal processing method and system for realizing discrete Hilbert transform |
| CN112559953B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2024-03-15 | 华中科技大学 | Signal processing method and system for realizing discrete Hilbert transform |
| CN112636503A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-09 | 东南大学 | Composite rotor brushless double-fed motor and determination method of mechanical offset angle thereof |
| CN116317233A (en) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-06-23 | 江苏大学 | Surface-embedded permanent magnet type double-stator hybrid excitation motor, design analysis method thereof and performance optimization method of air gap field harmonic wave |
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