CN108446475A - Based on the electromagnetic relay reliability estimation method for accelerating to degenerate - Google Patents
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Abstract
基于加速退化的电磁继电器可靠性评估方法。本发明针对现有电磁继电器可靠性试验方法存在的问题，提出基于性能退化的可靠性评估和寿命试验方法。本发明通过以下步骤实现电磁继电器可靠性评估方法，确定电磁继电器的外部构造、工作原理以及其驱动电路；搭建检测平台，筛选出待检测电磁继电器中完好的继电器；设计ADT方案，记录试验数据；对获得的ADT数据进行统计分析，确定反映电磁继电器性能退化的相关特性参数；获得其在正常温度应力下的寿命分布参数及可靠度函数。本发明方法在产品使用早期，通过检测其特性参数数值获得产品的初态信息，进而来判断其是否达到合格状态标准，保证电磁继电器的可靠性和稳定性。Reliability Evaluation Method of Electromagnetic Relay Based on Accelerated Degradation. The invention aims at the problems existing in the existing electromagnetic relay reliability test method, and proposes a reliability evaluation and life test method based on performance degradation. The present invention realizes the electromagnetic relay reliability evaluation method through the following steps, determines the external structure, working principle and its driving circuit of the electromagnetic relay; builds a detection platform, screens out the good relays among the electromagnetic relays to be detected; designs the ADT scheme, and records the test data; Statistical analysis is performed on the obtained ADT data to determine the relevant characteristic parameters reflecting the performance degradation of the electromagnetic relay; obtain its life distribution parameters and reliability functions under normal temperature stress. The method of the invention obtains the initial state information of the product by detecting its characteristic parameter value in the early stage of product use, and then judges whether it reaches the qualified state standard, so as to ensure the reliability and stability of the electromagnetic relay.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明涉及一种基于加速退化的电磁继电器可靠性评估方法。The invention relates to a method for evaluating the reliability of an electromagnetic relay based on accelerated degradation.
背景技术：Background technique:
可靠性退化建模方法的现有研究中，一种是利用试验获得的退化数据直接建模，确定产品退化量相关参数和时间之间的函数关系，称为基于退化轨迹的建模方法，该方法是一种基于数据驱动的方法，可快速建立可靠性模型，但精度有限。另一种是采用随机过程方法对产品的退化过程进行描述，称为随机过程建模；第三种是通过产品失效机理的剖析，研究其退化的化学物理过程，再通过试验退化数据进行可靠性建模、统计推断等，称为失效物理(PoF)建模，该方法可较为真实的反映产品实际的退化过程，但国内相关方面研究尚不深入。In the existing research on reliability degradation modeling methods, one is to use the degradation data obtained from the test to directly model to determine the functional relationship between the relevant parameters of product degradation and time, which is called the modeling method based on the degradation trajectory. method is a data-driven approach that allows rapid modeling of reliability, but with limited accuracy. The other is to use the stochastic process method to describe the degradation process of the product, which is called stochastic process modeling; the third is to study the chemical and physical process of its degradation through the analysis of the failure mechanism of the product, and then conduct reliability analysis through the test degradation data. Modeling, statistical inference, etc., are called physical failure (PoF) modeling. This method can more truly reflect the actual degradation process of the product, but domestic research on related aspects is not yet in-depth.
目前，继电器的种类很多，电磁继电器，干簧式继电器，步进继电器，固态继电器等。而电磁继电器又包括直流电磁继电器，交流电磁继电器，常开型电磁继电器，常闭型电磁继电器，以及电磁式电磁继电器等等，可见电磁继电器应用范围广，不同种类的继电器其触头各数应该不同，那么失效数据也会不同，最后得出的试验结论也就是寿命分布以及可靠度是否也会不同。At present, there are many types of relays, such as electromagnetic relays, reed relays, stepping relays, solid state relays, etc. Electromagnetic relays include DC electromagnetic relays, AC electromagnetic relays, normally open electromagnetic relays, normally closed electromagnetic relays, and electromagnetic electromagnetic relays, etc. It can be seen that electromagnetic relays have a wide range of applications, and the number of contacts of different types of relays should be Different, then the failure data will be different, and the final test conclusion is whether the life distribution and reliability will be different.
综上，国内外学者通过可靠性分析、可靠性设计、可靠性测试和可靠性试验等方面的研究并结合参数、结构、工艺优化设计等实践过程，这些研究对继电器可靠性的提高起到了重要作用。本发明针对现有电磁继电器可靠性试验方法存在的问题，提出基于性能退化的可靠性评估和寿命试验方法。In summary, scholars at home and abroad have played an important role in improving the reliability of relays through the research of reliability analysis, reliability design, reliability test and reliability test, combined with the practical process of parameter, structure and process optimization design. effect. The invention aims at the problems existing in the existing electromagnetic relay reliability test method, and proposes a reliability evaluation and life test method based on performance degradation.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的是提供一种基于加速退化的电磁继电器可靠性评估方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the reliability of electromagnetic relays based on accelerated degradation.
上述的目的通过以下的技术方案实现：Above-mentioned purpose realizes by following technical scheme:
一种基于加速退化的电磁继电器可靠性评估方法，所述的评估方法通过以下步骤实现：A method for evaluating the reliability of an electromagnetic relay based on accelerated degradation, the method for evaluating is realized through the following steps:
步骤一、确定电磁继电器的外部构造、工作原理以及其驱动电路；Step 1. Determine the external structure, working principle and driving circuit of the electromagnetic relay;
步骤二、利用恒流的电压源、单片机、LCD搭建用于检测电磁继电器的是否完好的检测平台，采用恒定定时结尾的方式筛选出30个待检测电磁继电器中完好的继电器；Step 2. Utilize a constant current voltage source, a single-chip microcomputer, and an LCD to build a detection platform for detecting whether the electromagnetic relay is intact, and use a constant timing method to screen out the intact relays among the 30 electromagnetic relays to be detected;
步骤三、首先，设计ADT方案，在步骤一的基础上，确定被测电磁继电器的规格、数量以及它的驱动电路的搭建，以及试验应力类型及其施加的方式、应力水平、试验时间和动作次数的内容；之后根据试验方案进行不同温度和应力ADT，记录试验数据；Step 3. First, design the ADT scheme. On the basis of Step 1, determine the specifications and quantity of the electromagnetic relay to be tested and the construction of its drive circuit, as well as the type of test stress and its application method, stress level, test time and action. The content of the number of times; then perform ADT at different temperatures and stresses according to the test plan, and record the test data;
步骤四、首先，对获得的ADT数据进行统计分析，确定反映电磁继电器性能退化的相关特性参数；Step 4. First, perform statistical analysis on the obtained ADT data to determine relevant characteristic parameters reflecting the performance degradation of the electromagnetic relay;
然后，根据不同特性参数的变化规律，建立退化轨迹模型；Then, according to the variation rules of different characteristic parameters, a degradation trajectory model is established;
根据失效判据得出每个试品的伪寿命，建立寿命分布；According to the failure criterion, the pseudo-life of each test product is obtained, and the life distribution is established;
根据寿命分布得出加速模型；Acceleration models derived from lifetime distributions;
最后获得其在正常温度应力下的寿命分布参数及可靠度函数。Finally, its life distribution parameters and reliability function under normal temperature stress are obtained.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
1.本发明利用本文设计的电磁继电器特性参数测试系统，对相关特性数进行监测，以获取电磁继电器退化过程中的动态信息，进而分析电磁继电器的失效特征与特性参数的退化规律，从而展开对基于电磁继电器性能退化数据的退化建模、可靠性评估及寿命预测方法。1. The present invention utilizes the electromagnetic relay characteristic parameter test system designed in this paper to monitor the relevant characteristic numbers to obtain dynamic information in the degradation process of the electromagnetic relay, and then analyze the failure characteristics of the electromagnetic relay and the degradation law of the characteristic parameters, thereby developing Degradation modeling, reliability assessment and life prediction method based on electromagnetic relay performance degradation data.
2.本发明利用电磁继电器特性参数的退化数据提供的重要信息，不仅解决了传统可靠性理论不适用的问题，而且解决了只能对批产品进行评估而不能对单个产品进行预测或评估的问题，为产品的可靠性评定及寿命预测提供了一种新的途径。因此设计相关试验，对能表征电磁继电器功能、反映其寿命与可靠性的某些关键特性参数进行连续测量，充分利用其退化数据提供的重要相关信息对电磁继电器的退化过程进行研究、分析其变化规律，就可以对在线工作的电磁继电器进行可靠性评估或寿命预测。或者在产品使用早期，通过检测其特性参数数值获得产品的初态信息，进而来判断其是否达到合格状态标准，保证电磁继电器的可靠性和稳定性，排除其潜在缺陷造成的系统故障隐患，同时也为改进产品设计提供重要参考和科学依据。因此基于性能退化数据的产品可靠性研究是当前可靠性理论的研究热点，也是未来的发展趋势，同时它对进一步拓展基于性能退化的可靠性理论研究及应用范围具有重要意义。2. The present invention utilizes the important information provided by the degradation data of the characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic relay, which not only solves the problem that the traditional reliability theory is not applicable, but also solves the problem that only a batch of products can be evaluated but a single product cannot be predicted or evaluated , providing a new approach for product reliability assessment and life prediction. Therefore, related experiments are designed to continuously measure some key characteristic parameters that can characterize the function of the electromagnetic relay and reflect its life and reliability, and make full use of the important relevant information provided by its degradation data to study the degradation process of the electromagnetic relay and analyze its changes. According to the law, the reliability evaluation or life prediction of the electromagnetic relay working online can be carried out. Or in the early stage of product use, the initial state information of the product can be obtained by detecting the value of its characteristic parameters, and then judge whether it meets the qualified state standard, ensure the reliability and stability of the electromagnetic relay, and eliminate the hidden danger of system failure caused by its potential defects, and at the same time It also provides important reference and scientific basis for improving product design. Therefore, product reliability research based on performance degradation data is a hot spot in current reliability theory research and a future development trend. At the same time, it is of great significance to further expand the research and application scope of reliability theory based on performance degradation.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
具体实施方式一：Specific implementation mode one:
本实施方式的一种基于加速退化的电磁继电器可靠性评估方法，所述的评估方法通过以下步骤实现：A method for evaluating the reliability of an electromagnetic relay based on accelerated degradation in this embodiment, the evaluation method is implemented through the following steps:
步骤一、确定电磁继电器的外部构造、工作原理以及其驱动电路；介绍相关性能参数及各参数的测试方法，分析电磁继电器的主要失效模式，确定其薄弱环节，并制定了失效判据，为后续的ADT奠定基础；Step 1. Determine the external structure, working principle and driving circuit of the electromagnetic relay; introduce the relevant performance parameters and the test methods of each parameter, analyze the main failure modes of the electromagnetic relay, determine its weak links, and formulate failure criteria for the follow-up lays the foundation for the ADT;
步骤二、利用恒流的电压源、单片机、LCD搭建用于检测电磁继电器的是否完好的检测平台，采用恒定定时结尾的方式筛选出30个待检测电磁继电器中完好的继电器；Step 2. Utilize a constant current voltage source, a single-chip microcomputer, and an LCD to build a detection platform for detecting whether the electromagnetic relay is intact, and use a constant timing method to screen out the intact relays among the 30 electromagnetic relays to be detected;
步骤三、首先，设计ADT方案，在步骤一的基础上，确定被测电磁继电器的规格、数量以及它的驱动电路的搭建，以及试验应力类型及其施加的方式、应力水平、试验时间和动作次数的内容；之后根据试验方案进行不同温度和应力ADT，记录试验数据；Step 3. First, design the ADT scheme. On the basis of Step 1, determine the specifications and quantity of the electromagnetic relay to be tested and the construction of its drive circuit, as well as the type of test stress and its application method, stress level, test time and action. The content of the number of times; then perform ADT at different temperatures and stresses according to the test plan, and record the test data;
步骤四、首先，对获得的ADT数据进行统计分析，确定反映电磁继电器性能退化的相关特性参数；Step 4. First, perform statistical analysis on the obtained ADT data to determine relevant characteristic parameters reflecting the performance degradation of the electromagnetic relay;
然后，根据不同特性参数的变化规律，建立退化轨迹模型；Then, according to the variation rules of different characteristic parameters, a degradation trajectory model is established;
根据失效判据得出每个试品的伪寿命，建立寿命分布；According to the failure criterion, the pseudo-life of each test product is obtained, and the life distribution is established;
根据寿命分布得出加速模型；Acceleration models derived from lifetime distributions;
最后获得其在正常温度应力下的寿命分布参数及可靠度函数。Finally, its life distribution parameters and reliability function under normal temperature stress are obtained.
具体实施方式二：Specific implementation mode two:
与具体实施方式一不同的是，本实施方式的基于加速退化的电磁继电器可靠性评估方法，步骤二所述的采用恒定定时结尾的方式筛选出30个待检测电磁继电器中完好的继电器的过程为，Different from the specific embodiment one, in the method for evaluating the reliability of electromagnetic relays based on accelerated degradation in this embodiment, the process of screening out the intact relays among the 30 electromagnetic relays to be detected by means of a constant timing end described in step two is as follows: ,
1)初始检测，筛选出合格的电磁继电器，并放置在常温常压下，进行120分钟的恢复过程之后，进行下一步；1) Initial detection, screening out qualified electromagnetic relays, and placing them under normal temperature and pressure, after a recovery process of 120 minutes, proceed to the next step;
2)温度试验；2) Temperature test;
3)参数测量，记录数据，测试或试验过程中，若电磁继电器没有失效，则继续放入试验箱内进行试验，若发生失效，不进行替换试品；3) During parameter measurement, data recording, testing or testing, if the electromagnetic relay does not fail, it will continue to be placed in the test box for testing. If failure occurs, the test product will not be replaced;
4)最终检测，重复2)、3)步骤直到所有试品完成试验。4) For the final test, repeat steps 2) and 3) until all samples are tested.
具体实施方式三：Specific implementation mode three:
与具体实施方式一或二不同的是，本实施方式的基于加速退化的电磁继电器可靠性评估方法，步骤三所述的设计ADT方案过程中，还需进行对搭建的测试电路的功能检测、试品的目检和分组、明确试验设备的安全使用流程；这样不但保证了试验的顺利进而且减少了试验过程中不必要的麻烦。Different from the specific embodiment 1 or 2, in the method for evaluating the reliability of electromagnetic relays based on accelerated degradation in this embodiment, in the process of designing the ADT solution described in step 3, it is also necessary to perform functional detection and test of the built test circuit. The visual inspection and grouping of products, and the safe use process of test equipment are clarified; this not only ensures the smooth progress of the test, but also reduces unnecessary troubles in the test process.
具体实施方式四：Specific implementation mode four:
与具体实施方式三不同的是，本实施方式的基于加速退化的电磁继电器可靠性评估方法，步骤四所述的最后获得其在正常温度应力下的寿命分布参数及可靠度函数为，根据阿伦尼斯模型得出电磁继电器性能在温度条件下的退化模型为：令M为产品在工作过程中部分时间点上的测量的性能参数值；A0是正系数；k为玻尔兹曼常数；T为热力学温度；为激活能；The difference from the third specific embodiment is that in the method for evaluating the reliability of electromagnetic relays based on accelerated degradation in this embodiment, the life distribution parameters and reliability functions under normal temperature stress are finally obtained in step four. According to Allen The Nice model shows that the degradation model of electromagnetic relay performance under temperature conditions is: Let M be the measured performance parameter value of the product at some time points during the working process; A 0 is a positive coefficient; k is the Boltzmann constant; T is Thermodynamic temperature; is the activation energy;
阿伦尼斯方程对于时间的积分，即可以表示产品在该段时间内性能的变化量，则：The integral of the Aronis equation for time can represent the change in the performance of the product within this period of time, then:
令t＝t2-t1，得： Let t=t 2 -t 1 , get:
当特征值M1到达失效阈值Mp时，试品无法完成规定的功能，即试品已失效；从t1的时刻到此刻的经历的时间t就是试品的寿命，记为，即：When the eigenvalue M1 reaches the failure threshold Mp , the sample cannot complete the specified function, that is, the sample has failed; the time t experienced from the moment t1 to this moment is the life of the sample, which is recorded as:
令得：lnη＝A+B/T。make Get: lnη=A+B/T.
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| CN115983005A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A Reliability Prediction Method for Electrical Connectors Based on Failure Physics and Quality Consistency |
| CN117872120A (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-04-12 | 珠海市明辉达科技有限公司 | A method and device for testing the life of a relay |
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