CN108446166A - Quick virtual machine starts method - Google Patents
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- CN108446166A CN108446166A CN201810250522.5A CN201810250522A CN108446166A CN 108446166 A CN108446166 A CN 108446166A CN 201810250522 A CN201810250522 A CN 201810250522A CN 108446166 A CN108446166 A CN 108446166A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
- G06F2009/45562—Creating, deleting, cloning virtual machine instances
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
- G06F2009/45575—Starting, stopping, suspending or resuming virtual machine instances
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
- G06F2009/45587—Isolation or security of virtual machine instances
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Abstract
The present invention refers to that a kind of quick virtual machine starts method, including：It is asked in response to application program launching, the simplified Linux virtual machine images of the application program is directed to or by micro operation system for the application program one single address space machine images of establishment to create by the structure system of automation；The Linux virtual machine images or single address space machine images have following characteristics：Only it is less than container memory comprising the function needed for startup application program, occupied memory；The Linux virtual machine images also have following characteristics：The Linux virtual machine images are the virtual machine that the linux kernel of a release and optimization based on Linux forms.The present invention makes that the startup speed of virtual machine is faster than container engine, memory overhead is smaller than container engine by optimizing virtual machine performance, to realize the purpose of high-quality vessel isolation and light weight virtual machine simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to virtual machine technique fields, belong to a kind of quick virtual machine startup method.
Background technology
Lightweight virtualization technology, as Docker and LXC is obtaining huge motive force.For example, it was reported that Google
All services are all run in a reservoir, and container services (CaaS) product and can be obtained from some main manufacturers, including
The container service of Azure, the container service of the EC2 container services and Lambda products and Google of Amazon.
Other than these services, lightweight virtualization is most important for being widely applied, including instant example
Change service (for example, for filter of ddos attack, TCP accelerates agency, content caching etc.) and NFV, pass through merging and power consumption
Minimum ensure that significant cost reduction.The reason of container fashionable virtualization market, is it is obvious that with VMWare, KVM or Xen etc.
Important technology based on management program is compared, they provide the instantiation time being exceedingly fast, the memory footprint of each example
The characteristics such as the high density on small and individual host.
However, no technology is perfect, container is no exception：Safety is a continual contradiction.It is main to ask
It inscribes the very powerful core system of the function of concentrating on container for being interacted with host operating system and calls API.This API is very
Extensively, the kernels such as process and thread management, memory, network, file system, IPC are supported because it is provided.For example, Linux
There are 400 different systems to call, it is most of have the function of multiple parameters,；And the quantity that system is called also is being continuously increased.
Increasingly complex, any container that may be monopolized or exhaust system resource (such as memory, filec descriptor, User ID) all will be right
Every other container on the host causes DoS attack.For multi-tenant deployment for, this to user container and its around
Safety problem and burden from the heavyweight platform based on VM between be made that difficult choice.In continuous extension and powerful
System call API in the case of protect the container to be best selection.Whether we can faster virtualize for greater flexibility,
Just as container, following performance can be realized in environment identical with container：Example as unit of millisecond starts speed,
Several million or less example EMS memory occupations, and the ability of 1,000 or multiple examples of operation simultaneously on individual host.These are
Problem to be solved.
Current container and virtual machine technique are respectively present problems with：
(1) container, which using modes such as shared kernel additional cgroups and namespaces be isolated, has been doomed meeting
There are many different bug to lead to that sex chromosome mosaicism is isolated, security risk still remains.
(2) disadvantage of virtual machine is to start that speed is too slow, and overhead is too high, and performance can decline due to more one layers.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of quick virtual machines to start method, by optimizing virtual machine performance, makes virtual
The startup speed of machine is faster than container engine, memory overhead is smaller than container engine, to realize high-quality vessel isolation and light simultaneously
Measure the purpose of virtual machine.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of quick virtual machine startup method, including：
It is asked in response to application program launching, simplifying for the application program is directed to create by the structure system of automation
The Linux virtual machine images of change or by micro operation system for the application program create a single address space machine mirror
Picture；
The Linux virtual machine images and/or single address space machine images have following characteristics：Only comprising startup application
Function, occupied memory needed for program are less than any one memory for operating in the container on the virtual machine；
The Linux virtual machine images also have following characteristics：The Linux virtual machine images are a hair based on Linux
The virtual machine of row version and the linux kernel of optimization composition.
In further embodiment, the working method of the structure system of the automation includes：
It is asked in response to application program launching, the characteristic information in extraction application program, Automatic-searching dependence, according to
The test of iterative creates a file system and kernel to remove the unrelated function in Linux virtual machine images and compiling option.
Include characteristic information, the operation of application program in further embodiment, in the application program launching request
The platform information of mirror image allows to create the time of virtual machine image, allows the occupied maximum memory amount of virtual machine image.
In further embodiment, the method that the structure system of the automation finds dependence includes：
The Amazon cloud computing service of dis-assembling is used to generate a library list and Debian software package managers.
In further embodiment, the structure system of the automation further includes one being directed to Debian software package managers
Blacklist list；
It include the title of software package necessary to application program described in inoperative in the blacklist list.
In further embodiment, the structure system of the automation further includes one being directed to Debian software package managers
White list；
It include the title of software package necessary to the operation application program in the white list.
In further embodiment, the structure system of the automation includes application program, relies on item and support basic training
The micro operation system of energy.
In further embodiment, the working method of the structure system of the automation further includes：
The empty hierarchical file system catalogue of carry one in one of Debian systems；
Based on cover type system, several software packages are installed in hierarchical file system catalogue；
There is the new hierarchical file system catalogue of correct configuration file, new level to obtain one by unloading coating
File system directories are covered in the upper layer of a BusyBox mirror images；
Using the overall structure obtained after covering as bottom, the content for merging catalogue is obtained；
It is added in BusyBox initialization to run the application layer of application program.
In further embodiment, the working method of the structure system of the automation further includes：
On the basis of linux kernel builds target, option built in one group is added according to goal systems.
In further embodiment, the working method of the structure system of the automation further includes：
The kernel option that compiling system is used to select one group of user to provide, disables one of kernel option, using original
Begin configuration Object reconstruction kernel, starts Linux virtual machine images, and the test that user provides is run in Linux virtual machine images
Task to check working state of system, and
1) in response to test crash, restart in configuration and retain the kernel option；2) in response to being successfully tested, with
It sets middle closing and/or deletes the kernel option.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) by optimizing virtual machine performance, making the startup speed of virtual machine, fast, memory overhead draws than container than container engine
Hold up it is small, to realize the purpose of high-quality vessel isolation and light weight virtual machine simultaneously.
2) there is the complete redesign to Xen control planes, be distributed operation by its centralized operational transition, with pipe
The interaction of reason program is reduced to minimum.
Above description is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, below with presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and after coordinating attached drawing to be described in detail such as.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the quick virtual machine of the present invention starts the flow chart of method.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not limited to the scope of the present invention for illustrating the present invention.
In this specification：
Unikernel：The small virtual machine that micro operation system (such as MiniOS) is directly linked with destination application, it is raw
At virtual machine usually only several Mbytes of sizes, can only operational objective application program
Tinyx：The structure system for the one of which automation that the present invention refers to, for being created around specified application program
A small-sized Linux distribution edition system is built, this can generate the mirror image of tens MB, and the RAM of about 30MB is needed to start.
Docker：Container engine.
By background technology it is found that from container angle, it is desirable to the isolation for making container is more preferable, and from virtualization angle
It sets out, it is desirable to virtual machine be done lighter, and want while solving both of these problems, a kind of mode is by the startup of virtual machine
The ratio Docker (container engine) that speed is done is also fast, and memory overhead ratio Docker is also small.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, the present invention refers to that a kind of quick virtual machine starts method, including：
It is asked in response to application program launching, by the structure system of an automation to create the essence for being directed to the application program
Simplified Linux virtual machine images or a single address space machine is created for the application program by micro operation system
Mirror image.
The Linux virtual machine images and/or single address space machine images have following characteristics：Only comprising startup application
Function, occupied memory needed for program are less than any one memory for operating in the container on the virtual machine.
The Linux virtual machine images also have following characteristics：The Linux virtual machine images are a hair based on Linux
The virtual machine of row version and the linux kernel of optimization composition.
Virtual machine usually requires a complete operating system, so volume can be bigger, if it is desired to optimal speed just must
Operating system need be simplified, realizes that the first step of this target is to reduce the mirror image size and memory footprint of virtual machine.Greatly
Most containers and virtual machine run an application program, if it is possible to reduce the function of virtual machine only to include the application program institute
The function of needing, then can be achieved with desirable memory usage amount being greatly decreased.
The present invention proposes the concrete ways of two kinds of optimization virtual machine images：
(1)Unikernels：The small virtual that micro operation system (such as MiniOS) is directly linked with destination application
Machine.The virtual machine usually only several Mbytes of sizes generated by this kind of mode, can only operational objective application program.
(2)Tinyx：A tool having been built up, it is small-sized for creating one around specified application program
Linux issues edition system.This can generate the mirror image of tens MB, and the RAM of about 30MB is needed to start.
The approach of the first optimization virtual machine image creates a single-address by micro operation system for the application program
Space machine images create a Unikernel for example, by using MiniOS for destination application.
Unikernels is exactly to do an operating system nucleus exclusively for this application program in simple terms, this kernel is only
The most basic function that this is serviced can be run by providing can not complete other work in addition to that can run this application.Using with it is interior
Core is also to be closely connected together, or even it is to give this applied customization one kernel not to be easy to make commentary, and has still been customized in one
Core has certain application function.This method needs to customize a particular core for each specific application.
There is Unikernel low-down EMS memory occupation specific application program is had existed and be may be reused
Mirror image, ClickOS is exactly such example, can run and be matched by the self-defined Click modularizations that known software forms
It sets.Mirage is the application program that another is write with OCaml, can create a simplified application add operation system in combination and make
It is packaged for virtual machine.
And if necessary to create a new Unikernel for destination application, one way in which is exactly to rely on
Mini-OS, the operating system for carrying Xen.The function of Mini-OS is very limited, detaches without user/kernel, does not also have
Process/branch.
Such as, it is only necessary to 50 LoC can realize a TCP server by Mini-OS, as long as it receives one
A connection will return to the current time, and resulting virtual machine image, we term it origin unikernel, only
480KB (uncompressed) may operate on the only RAM of 3.6MB, we are using origin unikernel as virutal machine memory
Consume lower limit.Additionally can be more application programs create unikernel, including TLS terminate agency and
Minipython, a unikernel based on Micropython only have the mirror image of about 1MB, only need to operate in the interior of 8MB
It deposits.
But in general, the existing application of API will be called to be transplanted to Mini-OS right and wrong dependent on linux system
It is often troublesome, need a large amount of time.Therefore, asked for certain application program launchings, for example, transplanting take it is too long but can be with
The appropriate application program launching request for relaxing EMS memory occupation, the present invention propose another based on linux kernel establishment lightweight
The method of virtual machine, i.e., the approach of second optimization virtual machine image are somebody's turn to do by the structure system of an automation with creating to be directed to
The simplified Linux virtual machine images of application program.
Specifically, the approach of second of optimization virtual machine image, is to carry out simplification to a linux kernel, only retains
The module and function needed, to compile a simplified linux kernel for each application, so there is no need to do to apply to change
It makes.This needs the structure system by an automation to realize, such as the Tinyx tools mentioned by the present invention.
The working method of the structure system of the automation includes：
It is asked in response to application program launching, the characteristic information in extraction application program, Automatic-searching dependence, according to
The test of iterative creates a file system and kernel to remove the unrelated function in Linux virtual machine images and compiling option.
That is, being relied on come Automatic-searching according to the information that application fetches come out, and which is constantly looked for according to the test of iterative
Linux modules can close, and get rid of those and using unrelated function and compiling option.
In addition to reducing mirror image volume, another advantage is to reduce virtual machine to start the memory occupied.In simplifying
Core only takes up 1.8M memories, much smaller than the memory that docker gives each container allocation.
The structure system of the automation can create that (or system is supported multiple to apply journey for single application program is run
Sequence) simple Linux virtual machine images, substantially construct one by the simple, release based on Linux and optimization
The virtual machine of linux kernel composition.Virtual machine height customizations not as unikernel, but it has unikernel
The performance not having, application program is transplanted to a brief operating system by it, can support a large amount of application program, but meeting
Generate performance cost.
The approach of two kinds of optimization virtual machine images respectively has advantage and disadvantage, in general, the way of the first optimization virtual machine image
The virtual machine image that the approach of compared to second optimization virtual machine image of the virtual machine image that diameter generates generates, committed memory is more
It is small, start the time faster, but migration process is time-consuming longer, and in addition to certain special cases, a kernel can only run one and answer
With.Therefore, selection uses the structure system by automating to create the simplified Linux virtual machines for being directed to the application program
Mirror image, or selection create a single address space machine images using by micro operation system for the application program, mainly
It is determined by the characteristic of application program launching request and application program.
For example, by judging information included in application program launching request, according to the characteristic of application program, operation mirror
The information of the platform of picture allows to create the time of virtual machine image, allow the occupied maximum memory amount of virtual machine image etc., sentences
It is disconnected whether to need individually to create a kernel for the application program, then judge any in two kinds of optimal ways of selection.
Two inputs are needed when the structure system optimization virtual machine of automation：For build mirror image application program (such as
Nginx) and the platform (such as Xen virtual machines) of mirror image will be run.It is preferred, therefore, that the application program launching request
In also include application program characteristic information and operation mirror image platform information, the structure system of automation establishes one respectively
File system and kernel itself.
For release, the structure system of the automation includes application program, relies on item and support the micro- of basic function
Type operating system.
In some instances, the method for the structure system searching dependence of the automation includes：
The Amazon cloud computing service of dis-assembling is used to generate a library list and Debian software package managers.
Further, in order to optimize Debian software package managers, present invention setting is as follows：
The structure system of the automation further includes a blacklist list for being directed to Debian software package managers, described black
It include the title of software package necessary to application program described in inoperative in list list.
Even, the structure system of the automation further includes a white list for being directed to Debian software package managers,
It include the title of software package necessary to the operation application program in the white list.
In this way, once finding that a certain software package belongs to blacklist list or white list, can directly be closed
Close or configure the software package, but regardless of dependency analysis how.
Since the installation script needs that these software packages include may in the structure system distribution version of brief automation
The tool that can not be used, therefore, the structure system of automation do not create mirror image directly from software package.
The present invention proposes a kind of mode of the structure system creation mirror image of automation.
The working method of the structure system of the automation further includes：
The empty hierarchical file system catalogue of carry one in one of Debian systems.
Based on cover type system, several software packages are installed in hierarchical file system catalogue.
There is the new hierarchical file system catalogue of correct configuration file, new level to obtain one by unloading coating
File system directories are covered in the upper layer of a BusyBox mirror images.
Using the overall structure obtained after covering as bottom, the content for merging catalogue is obtained.
It is added in BusyBox initialization to run the application layer of application program.
For example, the empty OverlayFS catalogues of carry one in the minimum debootstrap systems of Debian, at this
In the catalogue of carry, the minimum software package that we are mounted with to find in early time, just as usually done in Debian that
Sample.Since this is completed in cover type system, so unloading this coating, to leave us for all in Debian systems
On the file that correctly configures.Before unloading, we delete all cache files, any dpkg/apt associated documents and other not
Necessary catalogue.Once completing, this catalogue is covered in the upper layer of a BusyBox mirror image by we, whole to be used as one
Bottom, and obtain the content for merging catalogue.Which ensure that one simplify, the specific Tinyx of application program.As final step,
System can add a small application layer segment to run application program from the initialization of BusyBox.
In order to build kernel, Tinyx first on the basis of linux kernel builds target, and according to goal systems (such as
Xen or KVM is supported) option built in one group of addition；This can generate the kernel mirror image of a job.That is, the structure of the automation
The working method of system further includes：
On the basis of linux kernel builds target, option built in one group is added according to goal systems.
In other examples, the structure system of the automation supports disabled module and virtualization system unwanted
Kernel option (such as bare machine driver).Therefore, the working method of the structure system of the automation further includes：
The kernel option that compiling system is used to select one group of user to provide, disables one of kernel option, using original
Begin configuration Object reconstruction kernel, starts Linux virtual machine images, and the test that user provides is run in Linux virtual machine images
Task to check working state of system, and
1) in response to test crash, restart in configuration and retain the kernel option；2) in response to being successfully tested, with
It sets middle closing and/or deletes the kernel option.
For example, compiling system can select the kernel option that one group of user provides, each option is disabled successively, use is original
Object reconstruction kernel is configured, Tinyx mirror images are started, and whether the test for running user's offer is still worked (example with the system of checking
Such as in the case of nginx Tinyx mirror images, test obtains file from server).If test crash, the choosing is reactivated
, otherwise it will not be enabled in configuration.
It integrating, all these iterative technologies can help the structure system creation kernel mirror image automated, this
A little mirror images are the half sizes of Debian kernels, run-time memory utilization rate be greatly reduced (actual test the result shows that, automatically
The structure system of change is 1.6MB, and the Debian of test is 8MB).
After tested, the startup time of docker is about 200ms, is 9.5M using mirror image size after Tinyx Simplified kernels, opens
The dynamic time is 180ms, and it is 480K to use Unikernels methods to generate mirror image size, and the startup time only needs 3ms, therefore,
Both schemes can ensure generate virtual machine startup time ratio 200ms docker start the time it is short, and this two
The memory overhead of kind mode is also lower than docker, for example, host can not when running to 3000 containers
Docker containers are created again, and Unikernels can steadily go to 8000.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, to keep description succinct, not to above-mentioned reality
It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, it is all considered to be the range of this specification record.
Several embodiments of the invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art
It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the protection of the present invention
Range.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of quick virtual machine starts method, which is characterized in that including：
It is asked in response to application program launching, the simplified of the application program is directed to create by the structure system of automation
Linux virtual machine images or by micro operation system for the application program create a single address space machine images；
The Linux virtual machine images and/or single address space machine images have following characteristics：Only comprising startup application program
Required function, occupied memory are less than any one memory for operating in the container on the virtual machine；
The Linux virtual machine images also have following characteristics：The Linux virtual machine images are a release based on Linux
The virtual machine formed with the linux kernel of optimization.
2. quick virtual machine according to claim 1 starts method, which is characterized in that the structure system of the automation
Working method includes：
It is asked in response to application program launching, extracts the characteristic information in application program, Automatic-searching dependence, according to iteration
Property test to remove the unrelated function in Linux virtual machine images and compiling option, create a file system and kernel.
3. quick virtual machine according to claim 1 or 2 starts method, which is characterized in that the application program launching is asked
Include in asking application program characteristic information, run mirror image platform information, allow create virtual machine image time, allow
The occupied maximum memory amount of virtual machine image.
4. quick virtual machine according to claim 2 starts method, which is characterized in that the structure system of the automation is sought
The method for looking for dependence includes：
The Amazon cloud computing service of dis-assembling is used to generate a library list and Debian software package managers.
5. to go the quick virtual machine described in 4 to start method according to right, which is characterized in that the structure system of the automation is also
The blacklist list for being directed to Debian software package managers including one；
It include the title of software package necessary to application program described in inoperative in the blacklist list.
6. to go the quick virtual machine described in 4 to start method according to right, which is characterized in that the structure system of the automation is also
The white list for being directed to Debian software package managers including one；
It include the title of software package necessary to the operation application program in the white list.
7. quick virtual machine according to claim 1 starts method, which is characterized in that the structure system packet of the automation
Containing application program, relies on item and support the micro operation system of basic function.
8. quick virtual machine according to claim 4 starts method, which is characterized in that the structure system of the automation
Working method further includes：
The empty hierarchical file system catalogue of carry one in one of Debian systems；
Based on cover type system, several software packages are installed in hierarchical file system catalogue；
There is the new hierarchical file system catalogue of correct configuration file, new hierarchical file to obtain one by unloading coating
System directory is covered in the upper layer of a BusyBox mirror images；
Using the overall structure obtained after covering as bottom, the content for merging catalogue is obtained；
It is added in BusyBox initialization to run the application layer of application program.
9. quick virtual machine according to claim 2 starts method, which is characterized in that the structure system of the automation
Working method further includes：
On the basis of linux kernel builds target, option built in one group is added according to goal systems.
10. the startup method of quick virtual machine according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the structure of the automation
The working method for building system further includes：
The kernel option that compiling system is used to select one group of user to provide, is disabled one of kernel option, is matched using original
Object reconstruction kernel is set, Linux virtual machine images are started, the test assignment that user provides is run in Linux virtual machine images
To check working state of system, and
1) in response to test crash, restart in configuration and retain the kernel option；2) in response to being successfully tested, in configuration
Close and/or delete the kernel option.
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| CN111432006A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-17 | 中科九度(北京)空间信息技术有限责任公司 | Lightweight resource virtualization and distribution method |
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