CN108444921A - A kind of increasing material manufacturing component online test method based on signal correlation analysis - Google Patents

A kind of increasing material manufacturing component online test method based on signal correlation analysis Download PDF

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CN108444921A
CN108444921A CN201810224121.2A CN201810224121A CN108444921A CN 108444921 A CN108444921 A CN 108444921A CN 201810224121 A CN201810224121 A CN 201810224121A CN 108444921 A CN108444921 A CN 108444921A
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laser
signal
ultrasonic
pulse laser
interferometer
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CN108444921B (en
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胡宏伟
曾慧婕
何绪晖
王向红
尹来容
张明军
刘文杰
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/1702Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/1702Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
    • G01N2021/1706Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids in solids

Abstract

The increasing material manufacturing component online test method based on signal correlation analysis that the invention discloses a kind of.It is calculated including structure laser-ultrasound automatic checkout system, the excitation of laser ultrasonic signal and the different coefficient of signal acquisition, ultrasonic signal and defect recognition positions three steps.The technical effects of the invention are that, by to component surface detection zone gridding, utilize laser-ultrasound automatic checkout system, obtain in X direction and Y-direction propagate ultrasonic signal, and carry out different coefficient calculating, it realizes increasing material manufacturing component defect quickly to position online, is effectively improved detection efficiency.

Description

A kind of increasing material manufacturing component online test method based on signal correlation analysis
Technical field
Patent of the present invention belongs to field of non destructive testing, more particularly to a kind of increasing material manufacturing component based on signal correlation analysis Online test method.
Background technology
Increasing material manufacturing be one kind based on digital three-dimensional CAD model file, with high energy electron gun or other modes, by liquid The special materials such as body, molten mass, powder, silk, piece carry out successively accumulation and cohere, and final superposition molding directly constructs entity Technology.This technology, which has, saves material, may be implemented that traditional handicraft is difficult to or the manufacture of labyrinth that can not process etc. is excellent Point is used widely in the important industry such as space flight and aviation, medical treatment.But at the same time, increasing material manufacturing exists by technological parameter control Improper caused defect is made, main hole, buckling deformation, nodularization, there are no cofusing particles etc..These defects can seriously affect structure The performance of part constrains the practical application in industry of increases material manufacturing technology.
Product quality is improved in order to which defect is effectively detected, offline or online non-destructive testing technology can be used.Offline inspection Technology is only used for the finished product detection after the completion of manufacture, and such as 104597125 A of application publication number CN, date of publication is May 6 in 2015 The patent document of day discloses a kind of ultrasound detection control method and device for 3D printing part, is set by controlling ultrasound detection Standby probe is scanned according to the incidence angle of the corresponding test position of each measuring point to be checked, can improve the detection letter of 3D printing part Number signal-to-noise ratio and defect detection rate.But it is complicated for operation, it need to determine measuring point to be checked, and it can only detect product after shaping Defect adjusting parameter cannot control product manufacturing quality in time.
On-line checking can find defect and automatic or manual intervention manufacturing process in time, improve increasing material manufacturing component quality. During existing increasing material manufacturing, online test method mainly has laser-ultrasound method, infrared thermography, CCD imaging methods etc..Wherein Laser-ultrasound has the advantages such as non-contact, high sensitivity, detectable complex shaped components, particularly suitable for increasing material manufacturing process On-line real-time measuremen, such as application publication number CN106018288A, date of publication is that the patent document on October 12nd, 2016 discloses A kind of method of the online non-destructive testing increasing material manufacturing part of laser-ultrasound, but this method uses point-by-point scanning so that number of scan points Excessively, scan path is complicated, when check fee, reduces the detection efficiency of practical increasing material manufacturing.
Invention content
To improve detection efficiency of laser-ultrasound during increasing material manufacturing, the quick identification and positioning of defect are realized.This Invention proposes a kind of increasing material manufacturing component online test method based on signal correlation analysis.
In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the technical scheme is that,
A kind of increasing material manufacturing component online test method based on signal correlation analysis, includes the following steps:
Step 1:Laser-ultrasound automatic checkout system is built, the system comprises movement scanning and searching mechanism, two sets of laser-ultrasounds Detection device, data acquisition and processing system.Wherein movement scanning and searching mechanism includes X/Z axis automatic scannings frame, Y/Z axis automatic scannings Frame, motion control device;Two sets of laser ultrasonic detection devices include pulse laser and laser interferometer;Data acquire and processing System includes data collecting card and computer.
Step 2:The excitation of laser ultrasonic signal and signal acquisition are carried out to the component during increasing material manufacturing, with substrate Centre of surface is origin, and substrate surface is the faces XOY, establishes rectangular coordinate system in space OXYZ, and pulse laser is arranged and laser is dry The initial position of interferometer.According to the whole height H of the components three-dimensional model and thickness deltat H of slicing layer, pulse laser is determined And the moving step pitch of laser interferometer in z-direction.According to the width of components three-dimensional model and length and accuracy of detection demand Determine the moving step pitch of pulse laser and laser interferometer in the x, y direction.Ultrasonic signal is encouraged by pulse laser, Laser interferometer receives signal, and data acquisition and processing system acquires ultrasound data and preserves to computer.
Step 3:The different coefficient of ultrasonic signal calculates and defect recognition positioning, first in extraction step two in X-direction and The ultrasound data acquired in Y-direction each time after the completion of laser ultrasonic detection, first calculates different location point in X-direction Covariance, standard deviation between signal collected and signal collected different coefficient between any two, then calculate in Y-direction Covariance, standard deviation between different location point is signal collected and signal collected different coefficient between any two.Then The sum of the different coefficient that X-direction adds up with different location test point in Y-direction can be obtained according to different coefficient, further according to given Threshold value obtains the region of existing defects, finally as the position where the common region judgement defect of existing defects on X and Y-direction.
The method in the step two, carries out component the step of the excitation of laser ultrasonic signal and signal acquisition Suddenly include:
Step 1:Pulse laser and the initial position of laser interferometer are set, and wherein pulse laser is apart from substrate surface Distance be d1, distance of the laser interferometer apart from substrate surface be d2, adjust pulse laser and laser interferometer orientation, Ensure laser light incident point apart from substrate boundaries distance d3, it is maximum value to make the ultrasonic signal that laser interferometer receives at this time.
Step 2:According to the whole height H of the components three-dimensional model and thickness deltat H of slicing layer, determine pulse laser and Distance h value ranges [d1, the h that laser interferometer moves in the Z-axis directionz], wherein hzH is divided into K equal portions, i.e., by=H+d1 The laser ultrasonic energized position for choosing K Z-direction, determines the movement on pulse laser and laser interferometer Z-direction Step pitch Δ Z;Δ Z is determined according to the specific height of component and accuracy of detection demand.
Step 3:According to the width of components three-dimensional model and length and accuracy of detection demand, by model kth time detection Two dimensional surface is divided into M equal portions in X direction, and N equal portions are divided into along Y-direction, determines pulse laser and laser interferometer in X Moving step pitch Δ X on direction and moving step pitch Δ Y in the Y direction, two sets of laser ultrasonic detection devices of control are in X/Y plane Interior priority is moved with Y-direction along the X direction, while pulse laser realizes that the excitation of laser ultrasonic signal, laser interferometer are real Existing signal receives.When detecting for the first time, computer is in real time by the ultrasonic signal of each test point position in X-direction and Y-direction It is preserved, the signal of acquisition is denoted as S1,m、E1,n, after signal preserves, pulse laser and laser interferometer rise along the Z direction One step delta Z starts second and detects after the completion of the set new time processing number of plies, pulse laser and laser Interferometer continues to encourage and receive the ultrasonic signal in X and Y-direction, obtains new signal S2,m、E2,n, it is similar, i.e., successively Obtain the signal S of X-direction1,m,S2,m,…,Sk,m, Y-direction signal E1,n,E2,n,…,Ek,n, until component machines, wherein M=1,2 ..., M, n=1,2 ..., N.
The method, in the step three, the different coefficient of ultrasonic signal calculates and defect recognition positioning step packet It includes:
Step 1:The different coefficient of ultrasonic signal calculates, when acquisition signal is Sk,mWhen (m=1,2 ..., M), S is first found outK,i And SK,j(wherein i, j ∈ [1, M], and i ≠ j) related coefficient:
S is found out againK,iAnd SK,jDifferent coefficient:
αK,i,j=1- ρK,i,j
When acquisition signal is EK,nWhen (n=1,2 ..., N), E is first found outk,iAnd Ek,j(wherein i, j ∈ [1, N], and i ≠ j) Related coefficient:
E is found out againK,iAnd EK,jDifferent coefficient:
βk,i,j=1- δk,i,j
Step 2:Defect recognition positions, stored different factor alpha in extraction step threek,i,jAnd βk,i,j, respectively to its into Row read group total,
Given threshold ε, works as γk,i>When ε, exist on the scan path in kth time detection at this time in X-direction corresponding to i points Defect works as σk,j>When ε, existing defects on the scan path in kth time detection at this time in Y-direction corresponding to j points, in conjunction with X, the side Y To the path of defect present in different location point, it may be determined that the specific location (S of defectk,i, Ek,j)。
The technical effects of the invention are that by component surface detection zone gridding, examined automatically using laser-ultrasound Examining system obtains in X direction and the ultrasonic signal propagated of Y-direction, and carries out different coefficient calculating, realize increasing material manufacturing structure Part defect quickly positions online, is effectively improved detection efficiency.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is detecting system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of laser ultrasonic detection system scanning and searching mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is laser-ultrasound scan path schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is laser-ultrasound scan path schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention;
1 it is X/Z axis automatic scannings frame in wherein Fig. 2,2 be Y/Z axis automatic scannings frame, 3 be pulse laser, 4 is laser Interferometer, 5 be substrate, 6 be component.
Specific implementation mode
Referring to Fig. 1, to build a laser-ultrasound automatic checkout system as step 1, including movement scanning and searching mechanism, two sets Laser ultrasonic detection device, data acquisition and processing system.Movement scanning and searching mechanism includes that X/Z axis automatic scannings frame, Y/Z axis are automatic Scanning frame, supporting rack, motion control device;Wherein X/Z axis automatic scanning frame, Y/Z axis automatic scanning framves by Serve Motor Control, X/Y, Y/Z axis realize the transmission of movement, kinematic accuracy 0.05mm by ball screw assembly,;Supporting rack can be respectively along X-direction and Y Axis direction realizes that the rotation of certain angle, 0.1 degree of rotary motion precision realize X/Z by computer and motion control device With the motion control of Y/Z;Pulse laser and laser interferometer are mounted on supporting rack, laser and laser interferometer it is specific Model can do corresponding adjustment according to practical tested component, in this detection example, select Nd:YAG laser, F-P laser are dry Interferometer, the PCIe9852 data collecting cards that sample frequency is 200MHz acquire ultrasonic signal data.
Step 2: the excitation of laser ultrasonic signal and signal acquisition
(1) initial position of pulse laser and laser interferometer is set, and wherein pulse laser is apart from substrate surface Distance is d1, distance d2 of the laser interferometer apart from substrate surface, adjusts the orientation of pulse laser and laser interferometer, is ensured For laser light incident point apart from substrate boundaries distance d3, it is maximum value to make the ultrasonic signal that laser interferometer receives at this time.Adjustment branch The angle of support makes pulse laser Laser emission line and the normal angle θ of component surface change within the scope of 0 degree to 90 degree. In this example, d1=d2=10mm, d3=5mm.
(2) it according to the whole height H of the components three-dimensional model and thickness deltat H of slicing layer, determines pulse laser and swashs Distance h value ranges [d1, the h that optical interferometer moves in the Z-axis directionz], wherein hzH is divided into K equal portions, that is, selected by=H+d1 The laser ultrasonic energized position for taking K Z-direction determines the mobile step on pulse laser and laser interferometer Z-direction Away from Δ Z;Δ Z is determined according to the specific height of component and accuracy of detection demand.H=80mm in this example, Δ H=0.05mm, k= 160, Δ Z=0.5mm.
(3) according to the width of components three-dimensional model and length and accuracy of detection demand, by the two dimension of the 1st detection of model Plane is divided into 1700 equal portions in X direction, is divided into 1500 equal portions along Y-direction, determines pulse laser and laser interferometer Moving step pitch Δ X in the X direction and moving step pitch Δ Y in the Y direction, two sets of laser ultrasonic detection devices of control are flat in XY It is successively moved along the X direction with Y-direction in face, while pulse laser realizes the excitation of laser ultrasonic signal, laser interferometer Realize that signal receives.Δ X=0.05mm, Δ Y=0.05mm are set in this example.
(4) when detecting for the first time, computer is in real time by the ultrasonic signal of each test point position in X-direction and Y-direction It is preserved, the signal of acquisition is denoted as S1,m、E1,n, after signal preserves, pulse laser and laser interferometer are along in Z-direction Rise a step-length 0.5mm, after the completion of set 10 layers of new machined layer number, start second and detect, pulse laser and Laser interferometer continues to encourage and receive the ultrasonic signal in X and Y-direction, obtains new signal S2,m、E2,n, it is similar, i.e., The signal S of X-direction is obtained successively1,m,S2,m,…,S160,m, Y-direction signal E1,n,E2,n,…,E160,n, until component processes At, wherein m=1,2 ..., M, n=1,2 ..., N.In this example, the signal that the 1st detection obtains X-direction is
S1,1,S1,2,…,S1,1700, Y-direction signal be E1,1,E1,2,…,E1,1500
Step 3: the different coefficient of ultrasonic signal calculates and defect recognition location Calculation
The ultrasound data that is acquired in X-direction and in Y-direction first in extraction step two, each time laser ultrasonic detection After the completion, covariance between different location point is signal collected in X-direction, standard deviation and signal collected two are first calculated Different coefficient between two, then calculate covariance, standard deviation and institute between different location point is signal collected in Y-direction Acquire the different coefficient of signal between any two.Then X-direction and different location test point in Y-direction can be obtained according to different coefficient The sum of different coefficient to add up obtains the region of existing defects further according to given threshold value, is finally lacked by existing on X and Y-direction Position where sunken common region judgement defect.
Wherein, the different coefficient of ultrasonic signal calculates and the step of defect recognition positions includes:
When acquisition signal is Sk,mWhen (m=1,2 ..., M), S is first found outK,iAnd SK,j(wherein i, j ∈ [1, M], and i ≠ j) Related coefficient:
S is found out againK,iAnd SK,jDifferent coefficient:
αK,i,j=1- ρK,i,j
When acquisition signal is EK,nWhen (n=1,2 ..., N), E is first found outK,iAnd EK,j(wherein i, j ∈ [1, N], and i ≠ j) Related coefficient:
E is found out againK,iAnd EK,jDifferent coefficient:
βk,i,j=1- δk,i,j
Stored different factor alpha in extraction step threek,i,jAnd βk,i,j, read group total is carried out to it respectively,
Given threshold ε=0.6, works as γk,i>When ε, on the scan path in kth time detection at this time in X-direction corresponding to i points Existing defects work as σk,j>When ε, existing defects on the scan path in kth time detection at this time in Y-direction corresponding to j points, in conjunction with X, The path of defect present in Y-direction different location point, it may be determined that the specific location (S of one of defect1,10, E1,20)。

Claims (3)

1. a kind of increasing material manufacturing component online test method based on signal correlation analysis, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Step 1:Laser-ultrasound automatic checkout system is built, the system comprises movement scanning and searching mechanism, two sets of laser ultrasonic detections Device, data acquisition and processing system;Wherein movement scanning and searching mechanism include X/Z axis automatic scannings frame, Y/Z axis automatic scannings frame, Motion control device, two sets of laser ultrasonic detection devices include pulse laser and laser interferometer, and data acquire and processing system System includes data collecting card and computer;
Step 2:The excitation of laser ultrasonic signal and signal acquisition are carried out to the component during increasing material manufacturing, with substrate surface Center is origin, and substrate surface is the faces XOY, establishes rectangular coordinate system in space OXYZ, and pulse laser and laser interferometer is arranged Initial position;According to the whole height H of the components three-dimensional model and thickness deltat H of slicing layer, determine pulse laser and The moving step pitch of laser interferometer in z-direction;According to the width of components three-dimensional model, length and accuracy of detection demand, determine The moving step pitch of pulse laser and laser interferometer in the x, y direction;Ultrasonic signal, laser are encouraged by pulse laser Interferometer receives signal, and data acquisition and processing system acquires ultrasound data and preserves to computer;
Step 3:The different coefficient of ultrasonic signal calculates and defect recognition positioning, in the X-direction and side Y first in extraction step two The ultrasound data acquired upwards each time after the completion of laser ultrasonic detection, first calculates different location point in X-direction and is adopted Collect covariance, standard deviation and the signal collected different coefficient between any two between signal, then calculates different in Y-direction Covariance, standard deviation between location point is signal collected and signal collected different coefficient between any two, then basis Different coefficient can obtain the sum of the different coefficient that X-direction adds up with different location test point in Y-direction, further according to given threshold value The region of existing defects is obtained, finally as the position where the common region judgement defect of existing defects on X and Y-direction.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step two, laser ultrasonic is carried out to component Signal encourages and the step of signal acquisition includes:
Step 1:Pulse laser and the initial position of laser interferometer be set, wherein pulse laser apart from substrate surface away from From for d1, distance of the laser interferometer apart from substrate surface is d2, adjusts the orientation of pulse laser and laser interferometer, is ensured For laser light incident point apart from substrate boundaries distance d3, it is maximum value to make the ultrasonic signal that laser interferometer receives at this time;
Step 2:According to the whole height H of the components three-dimensional model and thickness deltat H of slicing layer, pulse laser and laser are determined Distance h value ranges [d1, the h that interferometer moves in the Z-axis directionz], wherein hzH is divided into K equal portions, that is, chosen by=H+d1 The laser ultrasonic energized position of K Z-direction determines the moving step pitch Δ Z on pulse laser and laser interferometer Z-direction, Δ Z is determined according to the specific height of component and accuracy of detection demand;
Step 3:According to the width of components three-dimensional model, length and accuracy of detection demand, by the two dimensional surface mould of kth time detection Type is divided into M equal portions in X direction, is divided into N equal portions along Y-direction, determines pulse laser and laser interferometer in the X direction Moving step pitch Δ X and moving step pitch Δ Y in the Y direction, two sets laser ultrasonic detection devices of control priority in X/Y plane It is moved along the X direction with Y-direction, while pulse laser realizes that signal is realized in the excitation of laser ultrasonic signal, laser interferometer It receives;When detecting for the first time, computer in real time protects the ultrasonic signal of each test point position in X-direction and Y-direction It deposits, the signal of acquisition is denoted as S1,m、E1,n, after signal preserves, pulse laser and laser interferometer rise a step along the Z direction Long Δ Z starts second and detects after the completion of the set new time processing number of plies, pulse laser and laser interferometer Continue to encourage and receive the ultrasonic signal in X and Y-direction, obtains new signal S2,m、E2,n, it is similar, i.e., the side X is obtained successively To signal S1,m,S2,m,…,Sk,m, Y-direction signal E1,n,E2,n,…,Ek,n, until component machines, wherein m=1, 2 ..., M, n=1,2 ..., N.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step three, the different coefficient meter of ultrasonic signal It calculates and defect recognition positioning step includes:
Step 1:The different coefficient of ultrasonic signal calculates, when acquisition signal is Sk,mWhen (m=1,2 ..., M), S is first found outK,iWith SK,j(wherein i, j ∈ [1, M], and i ≠ j) related coefficient:
S is found out againk,iAnd Sk,jDifferent coefficient:
αK,i,j=1- ρK,i,j
When acquisition signal is Ek,nWhen (n=1,2 ..., N), E is first found outk,iAnd Ek,j(wherein i, j ∈ [1, N], and i ≠ j) is related Coefficient:
E is found out againK,iAnd EK,jDifferent coefficient:
βk,i,j=1- δk,i,j
Step 2:Defect recognition positions, and extracts different factor alpha stored in the claim 3k,i,jAnd βk,i,j, respectively to it Carry out read group total:
Given threshold ε, works as γk,i>When ε, existing defects on the scan path in kth time detection at this time in X-direction corresponding to i points, Work as σk,j>When ε, existing defects on the scan path in kth time detection at this time in Y-direction corresponding to j points are different in conjunction with X, Y-direction The path of defect present in location point, it may be determined that the specific location (S of defectk,i, Ek,j)。
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