CN1084443C - 具有涂层部分的滚动轴承 - Google Patents

具有涂层部分的滚动轴承 Download PDF

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CN1084443C
CN1084443C CN99124447A CN99124447A CN1084443C CN 1084443 C CN1084443 C CN 1084443C CN 99124447 A CN99124447 A CN 99124447A CN 99124447 A CN99124447 A CN 99124447A CN 1084443 C CN1084443 C CN 1084443C
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coating
bearing
rolling bearing
carbonitride
carbon
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舍斯特伦·汉斯
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/048—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with layers graded in composition or physical properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
    • F16C33/36—Rollers; Needles with bearing-surfaces other than cylindrical, e.g. tapered; with grooves in the bearing surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/60—Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/60—Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings
    • F16C2240/64—Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings in the nanometer range
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
    • F16C23/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F16C23/08—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting
    • F16C23/082—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting by means of at least one substantially spherical surface
    • F16C23/086—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting by means of at least one substantially spherical surface forming a track for rolling elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S384/00—Bearings
    • Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
    • Y10S384/913—Metallic compounds

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种轴承钢材料的滚动轴承(1)，包括内座圈(2)，相对于内座圈同轴设置的外座圈(3)及设置在所述内座圈和外座圈的环形空间之间且与它们滚动接触的一组滚动体(4)，其中内座圈，外座圈及滚动体组中的最少一个设有表面涂层，该涂层包括外部氮化碳层和介于氮化碳层(9)和涂层部分的钢表面之间的中间层(8)，所述中间层为六方氮化碳硼。

Description

具有涂层部分的滚动轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及以轴承钢为材料的滚动轴承，包括内座圈，相对于内座圈同轴设置的外座圈及设置在所述内座圈和所述外座圈的环形空间之间并与它们滚动接触的一组滚动体。
背景技术
大量这种轴承的使用均处于恶劣的摩擦条件，这将会导致轴承的磨损。解决这一问题的基本方法是提供合适的润滑，但对于其在高速、高载荷及高温范围中的使用而言，现有的润滑并不能产生满意的结果。
为了解决这种状况，以前曾试图在滚动轴承件上设置硬表面涂层，例如像TiN，TiC，CrN等碳化物和氮化物。虽然氮化物和碳化物具有较高硬度和良好的抗摩擦性能，但摩擦系数过高，它与高硬度共同会在与轴承上具有这样涂层部分的滚动或滑动接触的元件上造成过度磨损。
除非涂层的涂敷温度高到(大于400℃)使低合金轴承钢遭受过度软化与尺寸改变，这种涂层与基体间则不会获得足够的粘附性。
因此，这种涂层材料并不能产生满意的结果。
以前在滑动轴承中已使用了类金刚石碳(DLC)的涂层。虽然这种材料相对于底层轴承钢材料的粘附力足以满足滑动轴承的使用，但由于在滚动轴承上会作用非常大的接触应力且DLC不具有热稳定性，故其具有不良的弹性特性，因而其本身已证明粘附力不足以满足大多数这种使用，而且DLC涂层将会脱落。虽然，DLC涂层的有限的弹性性能意味着对其应用造成了一定限制，但是，以前也在具有特殊界层的滚动轴承上使用了DLC。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供以轴承钢为材料的性能良好的滚动轴承，它包括内座圈，相对于内座圈同轴设置的外座圈及设置在所述内座圈和外座圈的环形空间之间且与它们滚动接触的一组滚动体，该滚动轴承在严酷的工况及润滑不良的条件下也能延长使用寿命，这是通过其下述特征实现的：至少内座圈、外座圈及滚动体组中之一设有表面涂层，该涂层包括外部氮化碳层和介于氮化碳层和涂层部分的钢表面之间的中间层，所述中间层为六方氮化碳硼。
附图说明
图1为一滚动轴承的横剖面图；
图2为图1所示轴承的部分放大断面图。
具体实施方式
本发明的滚动轴承以轴承钢为材料，包括内座圈，相对于内座圈同轴设置的外座圈及设置在所述内座圈和外座圈的环形空间之间且与它们滚动接触的一组滚动体，至少内座圈、外座圈及滚动体组中之一设有表面涂层，该涂层包括外部氮化碳层和介于氮化碳层和涂层部分的钢表面之间的中间层，所述中间层为六角氮化碳硼-B-N-C。
根据本发明，还可设想或者在配套的轴承元件，如保持架、密封件、导环等中的最少一个上设置相应涂层。
采用一种富勒烯类氮化碳，虽然氮化碳本身与轴承钢之间的粘合力相当差，但是氮化碳会提供非常良好的摩擦条件，改善表面硬度和耐磨性。但是，还发现非常薄的氮化碳硼层，最好是六方氮化碳硼层(10-100nm)对轴承钢具有非常优良的粘合特性。
最后，还发现通过蒸汽涂敷技术可将氮化碳硼的优良粘附特性与氮化碳的非常良好的摩擦和抗磨损性能结合起来，且可在一道工序操作中涂敷大约10-100nm的薄氮化碳硼层，并在其上涂敷一大约0.1-5μm的氮化碳层，通过氮化碳硼与氮化碳的接触面形成一扩散、逐步过渡层。
现已发现在混合的氮化碳硼和氮化碳层间的这一附聚区会使氮化碳层具有非常强的牢固性，其甚至能在高温及润滑条件不良的情况下承受高速和高载荷，且不会产生剥落或类似现象。
所用的氮化碳中氮含量重量比最好为10-25％，其余为碳。氮化碳的富勒烯类相在温度为50-600℃的条件下实现，获得具有置换氮的弯曲片状石墨。
附图中图1以横剖面形式示出滚动轴承1，它包括内圈2，外圈3及设置在轴承内外圈之间的两列球面滚柱4，球面滚柱与轴承内外圈滚动接触。在附图中还示出了用于分离所述滚柱4的保持架5，及一用于防止两列滚柱的相对面彼此接触的导向环6。
在图2中，示意性地示出图1所示的滚动轴承中各元件：座圈2，3，滚柱4，保持架5，导环6和/或(未示出)密封件或侧防扩罩的一部分7的放大断面。
所述部分7仅为局部视图，它由普通轴承钢制成。以蒸镀技术在轴承件7的上表面施敷性能良好的六方氮化碳硼(hexagonalboron carbon nitride)粘附层8，在该粘附层上，最好在同一操作步骤中附着氮化碳层9，在附着期间，该氮化碳层9可与氮化碳硼聚结而形成一扩散中间层10，在该处氮化碳硼和氮化碳聚结从而在氮化碳硼和氮化碳之间形成强粘结力，其中氮化碳硼相对于钢具有良好的粘结作用，氮化碳具有非常优良的摩擦性能。
本发明不应限制在附图中所描述和说明的实施例且在其权利要求书的保护范围内可进行改进和变化。

Claims (7)

1.一种轴承钢材料的滚动轴承(1)，包括内座圈(2)，相对于内座圈同轴设置的外座圈(3)及设置在所述内座圈和所述外座圈的环形空间之间且与它们滚动的一组滚动体(4)，其特征在于：
至少内座圈、外座圈及滚动体组中之一设有表面涂层，该涂层包括外部氮化碳层(9)和介于氮化碳层和涂层部分的钢表面(7)之间的中间层(8)，所述中间层为六方氮化碳硼。
2.如权利要求1所述的滚动轴承，还包括配套的轴承元件，如保持架(5)、密封件、导向环(6)等，在轴承工作期间，与滚动轴承圈和/或滚动体接触，其特征在于：配套的轴承元件(5，6)中的最少一个设有表面涂层，该涂层包括外氮化碳层(9)和介于氮化碳层和涂层部分钢表面之间的中间层(8)，所述中间层为六方氮化碳硼。
3.如权利要求1所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于：氮化碳硼层(8)和氮化碳层(9)之间的界面(10)形成扩散转移，其中不同层的材料彼此扩散混合。
4.如权利要求2所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于：氮化碳硼层(8)和氮化碳层(9)之间的界面(10)形成扩散转移，其中不同层的材料彼此扩散混合。
5.如权利要求1到4中任一条所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于：通过蒸汽涂敷技术在轴承元件(7)上涂敷氮化碳硼层(8)和氮化碳层(9)。
6.如权利要求1到4中任一条所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于：所述硼碳层(8)的厚度为10-100nm，而整个涂层厚度(8，10，9)为大约0.1-5μm。
7.如权利要求1到4中任一条所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于：所述氮化碳中氮含量重量比为10-25％，其余为碳。
CN99124447A 1998-11-18 1999-11-18 具有涂层部分的滚动轴承 Expired - Fee Related CN1084443C (zh)

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SE9803957A SE9803957L (sv) 1998-11-18 1998-11-18 Rullningslager med belagda komponenter
SE98039571 1998-11-18
SE9803957-1 1998-11-18

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CN1254061A (zh) 2000-05-24
US6234679B1 (en) 2001-05-22
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EP1002964A1 (en) 2000-05-24
SE9803957L (sv) 2000-05-19
JP2000161371A (ja) 2000-06-13

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