CN108444215A - 一种空气液化设备 - Google Patents

一种空气液化设备 Download PDF

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CN108444215A
CN108444215A CN201810259274.0A CN201810259274A CN108444215A CN 108444215 A CN108444215 A CN 108444215A CN 201810259274 A CN201810259274 A CN 201810259274A CN 108444215 A CN108444215 A CN 108444215A
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air
heat
exchanging chamber
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refrigerant
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俞琦
俞忠良
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F25J1/0268—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/30—Integration in an installation using renewable energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种空气液化设备，包括：冷媒源；热交换室，热交换室与冷媒源连通；制冷机，制冷机的入口与热交换室连通、出口通过阀门与冷媒源连通；空气进气阀，空气进气阀与热交换室连通，且空气在热交换室内的流向与冷媒在热交换室内的流向相反，从热交换室流出的低温空气的温度为‑140～‑150℃；深冷泵，深冷泵与热交换室连通，将从热交换室流出的低温空气进行加压至空气液化的临界温度；液化空气储罐，液化空气储罐与深冷泵连接，用于储存深冷泵输送的液化空气。本发明的空气液化设备通过热交换与加压的方式，冷媒循环流动可对空气进行热交换，使空气降温，当空气降温到所需温度再加压，从而将空气液化，制备工艺简单，设备成本低，所需的能量较低。

Description

一种空气液化设备
技术领域
本发明涉及空气处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种空气液化设备。
背景技术
空气液化是指把气态空气变为液态空气的过程。空气是由多种组分构成的混合气体，其中78.09％是氮气，20.95％是氧气。可用等焓膨胀或等熵膨胀，不断地从空气中取走热量而使其降温，当它降到冷凝温度以下时就开始液化，但是其中氧组分的冷凝温度是90.2K，氮组分的冷凝温度是77.3K，所以当混合气降到81.5K时就开始出现液态空气，这时液体中的氧比例高，再继续取走热量时，液体中的氮成分逐渐增加，液体的温度也就逐渐降低，等空气全部液化时，液空的沸点将是78.6K。
而单纯加压是不能液化空气的，空气的临界温度为132.45K，临界压力为37.69MPa，也即必须先把空气冷却到-140.7摄氏度以下再加压才有可能使其液化。-140.7摄氏度下使空气液化的压力约为377个大气压强。
目前的空气液化装置的工作原理是：将部分经压缩和冷却后的空气引入膨胀机对外作功使之冷却。可见，现有的空气液化装置所要消耗的能量较多，设备成本高，且工艺复杂。
有鉴于上述的缺陷，本设计人，积极加以研究创新，以期创设一种前所未有的空气液化设备，使其更具有产业上的利用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种空气液化设备，通过冷媒的循环流动即可将空气液化，且消耗的能量较低。
为达此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种空气液化设备，包括：
冷媒源；
热交换室，所述热交换室与所述冷媒源连通；
制冷机，所述制冷机的入口与所述热交换室连通、出口通过阀门与所述冷媒源连通；
空气进气阀，所述空气进气阀与所述热交换室连通，且空气在所述热交换室内的流向与冷媒在所述热交换室内的流向相反，从所述热交换室流出的低温空气的温度为-140～-150℃；
深冷泵，所述深冷泵与所述热交换室连通，将从所述热交换室流出的低温空气进行加压至空气液化的临界压力；
液化空气储罐，所述液化空气储罐与所述深冷泵连接，用于储存所述深冷泵输送的液化空气。
进一步的，所述冷媒源、所述制冷机、所述空气进气阀、所述深冷泵与所述热交换室之间通过管道连接，及
所述阀门与所述制冷机及所述冷媒源之间、所述深冷泵与所述液化空气储罐之间均通过所述管道连接；
所述管道上涂覆有保温层。
进一步的，所述保温层的材料为聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
进一步的，所述空气进气阀的进气口处还连接有空气过滤器。
进一步的，所述热交换室包括一个或多个串联的热交换器。
进一步的，所述制冷机的电能来源为太阳能。
进一步的，所述冷媒源为液化天然气或液氮。
本发明的有益效果为：通过热交换与加压的方式，冷媒循环流动可对空气进行热交换，使空气降温，当空气降温到所需温度再加压，从而将空气液化，制备工艺简单，设备成本低，所需的能量较低。
附图说明
图1是本发明具体实施方式提供的空气液化设备的结构示意图。
图中：10-冷媒源，20-热交换室，21-热交换器，30-制冷机，40-阀门，50-空气进气阀，60-深冷泵，70-液化空气储罐，80-管道，90-空气过滤器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
如图1所示，本发明的空气液化设备包括冷媒源10、热交换室20、制冷机30、空气进气阀50、深冷泵60、液化空气储罐70，其中，冷媒源10提供液化天然气或液氮；热交换室20与冷媒源10连通；制冷机30的入口与热交换室20连通、出口通过阀门40与冷媒源10连通；空气进气阀50与热交换室20连通，且空气在热交换室20内的流向与冷媒在热交换室20内的流向相反，从热交换室20流出的低温空气的温度为-140～-150℃；深冷泵60与热交换室20连通，将从热交换室20流出的低温空气进行加压至空气液化的临界压力；液化空气储罐70与深冷泵60连接，用于储存深冷泵60输送的液化空气。冷媒如-196℃的液氮流经热交换室20与热交换室20中的空气进行热交换后，流入制冷机30进行冷却，然后阀门40打开，冷却至-196℃的液氮又回到冷媒源处，然后再流经热交换室20，如此反复循环，冷媒循环流动可对空气进行热交换，使空气降温，当空气降温到所需温度再通过深冷泵60加压，从而将空气液化，制备工艺简单，设备成本低，所需的能量较低。
本发明中的冷媒源10、制冷机30、空气进气阀50、深冷泵60与热交换室20之间通过管道80连接，阀门40与制冷机30及冷媒源10之间、深冷泵60与液化空气储罐70之间均通过管道80连接，为了避免管道80内外有热交换而影响空气液化，本发明在管道80上涂覆有保温层，保温层的材料为聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。利用保温层将管道80与外界隔热，确保冷媒与空气的热交换效果。
为了使进入热交换室20的空气中没有杂质，本发明在空气进气阀50的进气口处还连接有空气过滤器90，利用空气过滤器90可过滤掉空气中的尘埃杂质等。
为了使空气在热交换室20内的流向与冷媒在热交换室20内的流向相反，且从热交换室20流出的低温空气的温度为-140～-150℃，本发明的热交换室20包括一个或多个串联的热交换器21。热交换器21的数量根据热交换率决定。
另外，为了进一步降低该设备的能耗，本发明中的制冷机30的电能来源为太阳能。
本发明制备出的液化空气存储在液化空气储罐中，可作为储能介质，本发明的设备实现了冷媒的冷能利用与储能的完美结合。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本发明的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本发明的原理，而不能以任何方式解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释，本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本发明的其它具体实施方式，这些方式都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种空气液化设备，其特征在于，包括：
冷媒源；
热交换室，所述热交换室与所述冷媒源连通；
制冷机，所述制冷机的入口与所述热交换室连通、出口通过阀门与所述冷媒源连通；
空气进气阀，所述空气进气阀与所述热交换室连通，且空气在所述热交换室内的流向与冷媒在所述热交换室内的流向相反，从所述热交换室流出的低温空气的温度为-140～-150℃；
深冷泵，所述深冷泵与所述热交换室连通，将从所述热交换室流出的低温空气进行加压至空气液化的临界压力；
液化空气储罐，所述液化空气储罐与所述深冷泵连接，用于储存所述深冷泵输送的液化空气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空气液化设备，其特征在于，所述冷媒源、所述制冷机、所述空气进气阀、所述深冷泵与所述热交换室之间通过管道连接，及
所述阀门与所述制冷机及所述冷媒源之间、所述深冷泵与所述液化空气储罐之间均通过所述管道连接；
所述管道上涂覆有保温层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的空气液化设备，其特征在于，所述保温层的材料为聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的空气液化设备，其特征在于，所述空气进气阀的进气口处还连接有空气过滤器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的空气液化设备，其特征在于，所述热交换室包括一个或多个串联的热交换器。
6.根据权利要求4所述的空气液化设备，其特征在于，所述制冷机的电能来源为太阳能。
7.根据权利要求4所述的空气液化设备，其特征在于，所述冷媒源为液化天然气或液氮。
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CN105865149A (zh) * 2016-04-22 2016-08-17 暨南大学 一种利用液化天然气冷能生产液态空气的方法
CN105928321A (zh) * 2016-06-17 2016-09-07 全球能源互联网研究院 一种增压型深冷液化空气储能系统
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CN107489469A (zh) * 2017-08-03 2017-12-19 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种低温液态空气储能系统
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CN104807286A (zh) * 2014-10-31 2015-07-29 刘继福 回收利用lng冷能的氮气液化系统
CN105865149A (zh) * 2016-04-22 2016-08-17 暨南大学 一种利用液化天然气冷能生产液态空气的方法
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