CN108435447B

CN108435447B - Multi-direction operation device

Info

Publication number: CN108435447B
Application number: CN201810222473.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗少锋; 林明勇; 梁佳楠; 朱兰凤
Original assignee: Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing; South China Robotics Innovation Research Institute
Current assignee: Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing; South China Robotics Innovation Research Institute
Priority date: 2018-03-19
Filing date: 2018-03-19
Publication date: 2020-09-04
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-19
Also published as: CN108435447A

Abstract

According to the multidirectional operation device provided by the invention, the parts in the speed reducer are designed in a light weight manner, so that the weight of the whole machine and the volume of the rotating base are favorably reduced; the driving part of the articulated arm is arranged on the platform, the arm has light weight, and the tail end has high running speed; the operation track of the tail end is controlled based on the rotary base and the four-bar mechanism, so that the control difficulty is low; the paint spraying head of the paint spraying equipment has a pressure maintaining measure, so that paint can be continuously sprayed for a period of time according to the conditions of accidental material breakage and the like, and accidents such as paint spraying stop and the like caused by material breakage are avoided; the paint spraying head has a heating function, can heat the paint vehicle, makes the paint vehicle have higher power and pressure, when increasing the atomization effect of the paint vehicle, can make the temperature rise for the paint vehicle speed of drying.

Description

Multi-direction operation device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of robots, in particular to a multidirectional operation device.

Background

Robots can be classified into parallel robots and series robots, wherein a common type of series robot is an articulated robot. In a conventional articulated robot, a driving element of each arm is mounted on a joint connected to a forearm, and as the number of arms increases, a load of each arm increases accordingly, which causes problems such as an increase in the volume of a driving power element of the arm, a decrease in the movement speed of the arm, and a decrease in the precision of the arm, and is not advantageous for speeding up the end of the articulated robot.

The operation of spraying paint is carried out at the robot application comparatively commonly by utilizing the robot, and at the in-process of spraying paint, if take place accident such as disconnected material and lead to the paint vehicle to supply absolutely, even the operation of spraying paint is carried out again to spare part in the operation, because the paint vehicle dries the time difference, new paint vehicle and old paint vehicle juncture can produce inhomogeneous transition vestige, spare part can only scrap or secondary treatment, comparatively extravagant cost.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to realize the light weight of the robot arm and the high speed of the working end, the invention provides a multidirectional operation device, and the components in the speed reducer adopt a light weight design, thereby being beneficial to reducing the weight of the whole machine and the volume of a rotating base; the driving part of the articulated arm is arranged on the platform, the arm has light weight, and the tail end has high running speed; the operation track of the tail end is controlled based on the rotary base and the four-bar mechanism, so that the control difficulty is low; the paint spraying head of the paint spraying equipment has a pressure maintaining measure, so that paint can be continuously sprayed for a period of time according to the conditions of accidental material breakage and the like, and accidents such as paint spraying stop and the like caused by material breakage are avoided; the paint spraying head has a heating function, can heat the paint vehicle, makes the paint vehicle have higher power and pressure, when increasing the atomization effect of the paint vehicle, can make the temperature rise for the paint vehicle speed of drying.

Correspondingly, the multidirectional operation device provided by the invention comprises a mechanical arm module and a paint spraying module;

the mechanical arm module comprises a rotating base, a first arm, a second arm, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a first arm driving assembly and a first connecting rod driving assembly;

the rotary base comprises a rotary base motor, a speed reducer, a coupling and a platform;

the shell of the rotating base motor is fixed on a rotating base motor bracket, and the rotating shaft is arranged along the positive direction z and is connected with the input end of the speed reducer;

the output end of the speed reducer is connected with the input end of the coupler, and the output end of the coupler is connected with the platform;

the rotating base motor drives the platform to rotate through the speed reducer and the coupling;

the platform is parallel to the xy plane, and a first basic rotating shaft connecting piece and a second basic rotating shaft connecting piece which are opposite to each other in the y direction are arranged in the x direction of the platform; a cylindrical first base rotating shaft is fixed on the first base rotating shaft connecting piece; a cylindrical second base rotating shaft is fixed on the second base rotating shaft connecting piece;

the axis of the first base rotating shaft and the axis of the second base rotating shaft are respectively parallel to the y axis;

the starting end of the first arm is hinged to the second base rotating shaft, and the tail end of the first arm is hinged to the starting end of the second arm;

the starting end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the first base rotating shaft, and the tail end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the starting end of the second connecting rod;

the tail end of the second connecting rod is hinged with the middle part or the tail end of the second arm;

the first arm, the second arm, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod form a four-bar linkage;

the first arm driving assembly is arranged on the platform and used for driving the first arm to rotate around the second base rotating shaft;

the first connecting rod driving assembly is arranged on the platform and used for driving the first connecting rod to rotate around the first base rotating shaft;

the module of spraying paint includes the paint spray head, the paint spray head install in the second arm is terminal.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a multi-directional working apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of a multi-directional work apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of a first arm of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a front view of a first link in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the kinematic structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates a close-up view of a front view of a multi-directional working apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 shows a front full sectional view of a swivel base in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a front perspective view of a retarder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 shows a top view of a retarder according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a front perspective view of a second retarder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 illustrates a top view of a first carrier in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 illustrates a top view of a first RV gear of an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 13 shows a front cross-sectional view of a coupling in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 shows a schematic three-dimensional view of a spray head according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 15 shows a full cross-sectional view of a spray head of an embodiment of the invention in the feed hole orientation;

FIG. 16 shows a full cross-sectional view of a spray head of an embodiment of the invention in the orientation of the air inlet;

FIG. 17 shows a full cross-sectional view of a spray head of an embodiment of the invention in a dwell hole orientation;

fig. 18 shows a schematic view of the connection structure of the feed pipe and the holding pressure pipe according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a multidirectional working apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a front view of the multidirectional working apparatus according to the present invention.

The multidirectional operation device comprises a mechanical arm module and a paint spraying module.

the platform 101 is parallel to the xy plane, and in specific implementation, the top surface of the platform 101 is a plane, which is parallel to the xy plane, and the shape is not unique.

A first base rotating shaft connecting piece 109 and a second base rotating shaft connecting piece 111 which are opposite to each other in the y direction are arranged in the positive direction of the platform x; a first base shaft of a cylindrical shape is fixed to the first base shaft connecting member 109; a cylindrical second base shaft is fixed to the second base shaft connecting member 111. The axes of the first base rotating shaft and the second base rotating shaft are parallel to the y axis respectively, and for the convenience of calculation of the movement locus of the working end, the axes of the first base rotating shaft and the second base rotating shaft are generally arranged to be collinear. The first and second base axes are not fully shown in the drawings due to the perspective, but the structure and arrangement of the components are easily understood, so the drawings are not separately provided to describe the same.

The first and second base shafts are mainly used to suspend the starting ends of the first arm 102 and the first link 105 to a predetermined height, so that a space is left between the first and second base shafts and the platform for the first arm 102 and the first link 105 to move, thereby preventing the first arm 102 and the first link 105 from interfering with the platform 101.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional structure of a first arm according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 shows a front view of the structure of the first arm according to the embodiment of the present invention. In a specific implementation, the first arm 102 may be a hollow cylindrical structure, so as to reduce its own weight and maintain a certain rigidity. The beginning end of the first arm 102 is hinged on the second base rotating shaft 110, and the tail end is hinged with the beginning end of the second arm 103; for the mounting connection of the first arm drive assembly 107, the first arm 102 extends in a direction from the beginning and away from the end with a first arm connection, which is articulated with the output of the first arm drive assembly. It should be noted that the first arm connecting piece and the first arm are relatively fixed, and the axial length of the first arm connecting piece is smaller than that of the first arm, so that the small displacement of the first arm connecting piece can be amplified to the large-distance displacement of the tail end of the first arm after passing through the fulcrum of the second base rotating shaft 110 based on the lever principle, and the rapid movement of the tail end of the first arm is facilitated.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional structure of a first link according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 shows a front view of the first link according to an embodiment of the present invention. The first link 105 is hinged to the first base shaft 108 at the beginning and hinged to the second link 104 at the end; for the installation of the first link driving assembly 103, the first link 105 extends in a direction from the beginning to the end to form a first link connector, which is hinged to the output end of the first link driving assembly 106. It should be noted that the first link connecting piece and the first link are relatively fixed, and the axial length of the first link connecting piece is smaller than the axial length of the first link, so that the small displacement of the first link connecting piece can be amplified to the large-distance displacement of the tail end of the first link through the fulcrum of the first base rotating shaft 108 based on the lever principle, and the quick movement of the tail end of the first link is facilitated.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional structure of a second arm according to an embodiment of the invention. The beginning of the second arm 103 is hinged to the end of the first arm 102. In a specific implementation, in order to reduce the weight of the second arm 103, the second arm 103 may have the following structure: the second arm 103 is composed of two second arm cover plates 137, and the starting ends of the two second arm cover plates 137 are respectively hinged on the y positive surface and the y negative surface of the tail end of the first arm 102 in a y-direction opposite manner; the two second arm cover plates 137 are connected and fixed through a second arm fixing piece 139.

The second link 104 is hinged at the beginning to the end of the first link 105 and at the end to the middle of the second arm 103 or the end of the second arm 103. In one implementation, the second link 104 is typically a hollow link to reduce its weight.

Further, the first arm 102, the second arm 103, the first link 105, and the second link 104 may use aluminum or an aluminum alloy having a smaller density as a material to further reduce the weight thereof.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the movement of the first arm, the second arm, the first link and the second link according to the embodiment of the present invention, and in conjunction with the front view shown in fig. 2, the first arm, the second arm, the first link and the second link are respectively replaced by straight lines, and the hinge points are respectively replaced by circles, wherein the names of the hinge points are as follows: the first base rotating shaft and the second base rotating shaft are arranged on the same straight line, the position is summarized as a first hinge point 121, a hinge point between the tail end of the first connecting rod 105 and the initial end of the second connecting rod 104 is a second hinge point 122, a hinge point between the tail end of the first arm 102 and the initial end of the second arm 103 is a third hinge point 123, and a hinge point between the tail end of the second connecting rod 104 and the second arm 103 is a fourth hinge point 124; as can be seen from the schematic movement diagram, the first arm 102, the second arm 103, the first link 105, and the second link 104 constitute a four-bar linkage.

In a specific implementation, the end of the second arm 103 may be disposed on the fourth hinge point 124, and since the end of the second arm 103 is closer to the fourth hinge point 124, based on the lever principle, the displacement of the end of the second arm 103 relative to the start end of the second arm 103 is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the control accuracy of the end of the second arm 103; however, due to the structural limitation of the four-bar linkage, the arrangement results in a small range of motion of the end of the second arm 103.

Therefore, in the implementation, the length of the second arm 103 can be extended to make the end of the second arm extend out of the fourth hinge point 124, which is beneficial to increase the range of motion of the second arm 103, so that the second arm can be suitable for more working environments.

In specific implementation, although the four-bar linkage with any structure can realize corresponding displacement control of the tail end of the second arm, in order to make control calculation of the tail end of the second arm more convenient, the length of each side of the four-bar linkage of the embodiment of the present invention can be set as the following parameters: the first arm 102 is parallel to and of equal length to the second link 104; said first link 105 is parallel to said second arm 103; at this time, the four-bar linkage according to the embodiment of the present invention is a parallelogram, the postures of the first arm 102 and the second link 104 are the same, the postures of the second arm 103 and the first link 105 are the same, and the calculation of the end can be quickly obtained based on the first link length, the first arm length, the second arm length, and the included angle between the first link and the first arm, so that the design and control of software are simpler.

The above is a description of the mechanical structure of the planar robot arm module according to the embodiment of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention, the four-bar linkage has two movable links, namely the first arm 102 and the first link 105, and the movement of the end of the second arm 103 can be realized by controlling the movement of the first arm 102 and the first link 105, and the driving of the first arm and the first link is described below.

It should be noted that the first arm starting end and the first link starting end are respectively hinged to the second base rotating shaft and the first base rotating shaft, and when the first base rotating shaft and the second base rotating shaft are integrally processed, the integrally processed base rotating shaft is taken as a rotation fulcrum by the first arm and the first link, but the movement between the first arm and the first link is relatively independent and does not interfere with each other.

Fig. 6 shows a close-up view of the first link drive assembly of an embodiment of the present invention. The first link driving assembly includes a first link driving base 130, a first link driving motor 131, a first link driving connection 133, a first link driving screw 134, and a first link driving slider 135;

the first link driving base 130 is hinged to the platform with the x negative upward direction, and the hinge point is the hinge point 120 of the first link driving base. A first link driving motor 131 is fixed to the first link driving base 130; a rotating shaft of the first link driving motor 131 extends into the first link driving base 130; the first link driving screw 134 and the first link driving slider 135 are installed in the first link driving housing 136, the first link driving slider 135 is sleeved on the first link driving screw 134, and the first link driving connecting piece 133 is fixedly connected with the first link driving slider 135; the first link driving connection member 133 is coaxial with the first link driving screw 134 and is fixedly connected with the start end of the first link 105;

the first link driving housing 136 and the first link driving motor 131 are fixed to the first link driving base 130 side by side; the rotation shaft of the first link driving motor 131 and one end of the first link driving screw 134 are connected and driven in the first link driving base 130 based on gears.

In specific implementation, the first link driving motor 131 drives the first link driving screw 134 to rotate and drives the first link driving slider 135 to move along the axial direction of the first link driving screw 134; the first link driving connection 133 is driven by the first link driving slider 135 and rotates around the first base rotation axis, and drives the first link to rotate around the first base rotation axis by the lever principle.

Similarly, the first arm driving assembly structure is the same as the first link driving assembly structure, wherein the first link driving base hinge point 129 and the first link driving base hinge point 120 are always arranged on a straight line parallel to the y axis and are arranged in an integrated processing manner, and other structural components are the same and are not repeatedly introduced.

It should be noted that when the first connecting rod driving screw rod and the first connecting rod are in the same straight line, or the first arm driving screw rod and the first arm are in the same straight line, the planar mechanical arm module of the embodiment of the invention has a movement dead zone, and the first connecting rod or the first arm cannot be effectively controlled and move; thus, in particular implementations, the first link connector and the first arm connector are generally arranged not to be collinear with the first link and the first arm, respectively, to avoid this.

The rotating base below the platform is described below.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a rotating base according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 7 shows a full sectional view of a speed reducer according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the sectional view of the speed reducer 207 is complicated and is not clear in the overall structure diagram, and a detailed structure of the speed reducer 207 will be described later.

The rotating base provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a rotating base motor 206, a speed reducer 207, a coupling 208 and a platform 204.

The housing of the rotating base motor 206 is fixed to a rotating base motor support 201, and the rotating shaft is arranged along the z-direction and connected with the input end of the speed reducer. In the embodiment of the invention, the rotating base motor support 201 serves as a support member of the whole rotating base at the same time, so that the rotating base motor support 201 of the embodiment of the invention is in a cylindrical shape, the bottom plate extends outwards away from the circle center, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are arranged between the bottom plate and the rotating base motor support 201 to provide better stability, in the specific implementation, the rotating base motor support 201 can be integrally processed in a casting mode, in addition, the top of the rotating base motor support 201 is covered by a top plate with a through hole in the middle, and dust is reduced while a fixed point is provided for the speed reducer support 202. The rotating base motor 201 is fixed in the inner cavity of the rotating base motor support 201, the specific position is on the middle part of the bottom plate, and the rotating shaft faces the z positive direction.

In specific implementation, in combination with the structural features of the rotating base according to the embodiment of the present invention, the rotating base motor bracket 201, the speed reducer bracket 202 and the coupling bracket 203, which are described later, may be formed by integral casting, so as to enhance the overall rigidity of the rotating base.

Above the rotating base motor 206 is a speed reducer 207, the input end of the speed reducer 207 is connected with the rotating shaft of the rotating base motor 206, and the output end is connected with the input end of the coupling.

The decelerator according to the embodiment of the present invention is installed in the middle of the decelerator support 202, and fig. 8 shows a perspective view of the decelerator according to the embodiment of the present invention, because the decelerator has symmetry, and thus only a view of one side of the symmetry plane is shown for easy understanding. The speed reducer of the embodiment of the invention comprises a speed reducer shell 216, an input shaft 210, an input gear 211, two spur gears 213, two crankshafts 212, a first planet carrier 214, a first RV gear 218, a second RV gear 219 and a second planet carrier 226, wherein the numbers of teeth of the first RV gear and the second RV gear are equal.

Inside the reducer case 216, a second carrier 226, a second RV gear 219, a first RV gear 218, and a first carrier 214 are mounted in this order from the z-negative direction to the z-positive direction.

Wherein the first and second

planetary carriers

226 and 214 are mounted on the inner wall of the reducer case 216 based on an angular contact bearing 215 of the outer periphery; the inner wall of the reducer housing 216 is uniformly provided with needle teeth 217 one more than the number of the teeth of the first RV gear and the second RV gear at the positions corresponding to the first RV gear 218 and the second RV gear 219.

An input gear through hole 261 for rotation of an input gear is formed in the middle of the upper portion of the first planet carrier 214, and straight gear through holes 262 for rotation of straight gears symmetrically extend outwards from the input gear through hole; the input gear 211 is arranged in the input gear through hole, and the two spur gears 213 are respectively arranged in the two spur gear through holes; two spur gears 213 are symmetrically disposed outside the input gear 211 and are engaged with the input gear 211.

The input shaft 210 and the two crank shafts 212 sequentially pass through the second planet carrier 226, the second RV gear 219, the first RV gear 218 and the first planet carrier 214 from the negative direction of the housing z; the tail ends of the input shafts 210 are positioned in the input gear through holes of the first planet carrier 214 and are connected with the input gears 211 therein, and the tail ends of the two crank shafts 212 are positioned in the straight gear through holes of the first planet carrier and are respectively connected with the two straight gears 213 therein.

It should be noted that the input gear and the spur gear are meshed through the straight teeth, so that the input gear and the straight gear only have an interaction force on the xy plane, and the action force in the z direction is almost zero, so that the action force on the xy plane is only considered emphatically when the structural design, the stress calculation and the like are performed; in the z direction, only the dead weight and the installation mode of the input gear and the straight gear need to be considered, and the calculation related to the stress in the z direction is not needed.

The two crank shafts 212 have the same structure, wherein each crank shaft 212 comprises a rotating shaft portion at each end of the crank shaft, and a first crank portion and a second crank portion in the middle of the crank shaft, and starting from the negative z direction, the first crank portion 225, the second crank portion 224, the first crank portion 223 and the first rotating shaft portion 222 are arranged in sequence.

The spur gear 213 is mounted on an end portion of the first spindle portion 222, and in a specific implementation, an outer periphery of the end portion of the first spindle portion 222 may be processed into a spur surface; a tapered roller bearing 220 is sleeved on the first rotating shaft part 222 between the spur gear 213 and the first crank part 223, and the rotating shaft 212 is connected with the first planet carrier 214 in a matching way based on the tapered roller bearing 220. It should be noted that the tapered roller bearings 220 of the two crankshafts 212 at this position are connected to the first carrier 214 at the same time.

A first crank section 223 of crankshaft 212 is connected to a first RV gear based on needle bearing 221; a second crank portion 224 of crankshaft 212 is connected to a second RV gear based on needle bearing 221; it should be noted that the first crank portions 223 of the two crank shafts 212 are connected to the first RV gear at the same time, the connection positions are symmetrical about the axis of the first RV gear, and since the first crank portions 223 of the two crank shafts 212 are in eccentric rotation motions with opposite rotation directions, the motion trajectory of the first RV gear is a cycloid motion; similarly, the motion track of the second RV gear is an epicycloid track; because the peripheries of the first RV gear and the second RV gear are needle teeth matched with the first RV gear and the second RV gear, the teeth of the first RV gear and the second RV gear are meshed with the needle teeth in sequence to transmit force.

The connection relation among all the parts of the speed reducer is shown above, and the speed reducer of the embodiment of the invention mainly comprises a front-stage speed reduction part and a rear-stage speed reduction part in actual operation

The front stage is decelerated into a spur gear deceleration mechanism consisting of an input gear and two spur gears; the rear stage speed reduction mainly comprises a differential gear speed reduction mechanism consisting of a crankshaft, an RV gear and pin teeth on a shell.

In the spur gear speed reducing mechanism of the preceding stage, the input gear and the spur gear are reduced according to the gear ratio, the input gear is 12 teeth, the spur gear is 42 teeth, and the speed reducing ratio is 3.5, that is, the input shaft drives the input gear to rotate 3.5 circles, and the spur gear rotates 1 circle.

In a differential gear speed reducing mechanism at the rear stage, in particular to a cycloidal pin gear speed reducing mechanism, the number of RV gears in the embodiment of the invention is 39, and the number of the pin gears of a speed reducer shell is one more than that of the RV gears and is 40; the crankshaft rotates for one circle, the angle of relative rotation between the RV gear and the reducer housing is 1 tooth, namely, the relative rotation between the RV gear and the reducer housing is 1 circle, the crankshaft needs to rotate for 40 circles, therefore, the reduction ratio of the differential gear reduction mechanism at the later stage is 40, and therefore, the total reduction ratio of the reducer of the embodiment of the invention is 140.

If the first planet carrier and the second planet carrier are fixed, the axial direction of a rotating shaft of the crank shaft is correspondingly fixed, and at the moment, a shell of the speed reducer can be used as the output end of the speed reducer; if the gear housing is fixed, the first planet carrier and the second planet carrier can be used as output ends. In consideration of the environment in which the reduction gear is installed, a common embodiment is to fix the reduction gear housing, using the first carrier and the second carrier as the output end of the reduction gear.

In specific implementation, a fixing mode of a component in a speed reducer shell in the z direction needs to be considered, the speed reducer provided by the embodiment of the invention mainly transfers power by means of meshing of teeth, and the input gear, the straight gear, the RB gear and the rack needle are matched by straight teeth, and all the components are stressed on an xy plane, so that a certain supporting force is only required to be provided in the z direction, and the component is ensured not to be separated from the speed reducer shell.

Fig. 10 shows a second perspective view of the speed reducer according to the embodiment of the present invention, which is mainly used for showing the connection manner between the first planet carrier 214 and the second planet carrier 226. The embodiment of the invention realizes the fixation of the components in the reducer shell in the z direction by means of the matching mode among the first planet carrier 214, the second planet carrier 226 and the reducer shell 216. The specific fixing mode is as follows:

the first planet carrier 214 is above its angular contact bearing 215, the wire diameter increases, pressing on the angular contact bearing under the action of gravity; the second carrier 226 is connected and fastened with the first carrier 214 integrally based on a screw 263 passing through the second RV gear 219 and the first RV gear 218; the second planet carrier is under its angular contact bearing, and the line footpath increases, when screw 263 locks, compresses tightly on angular contact bearing.

In connection with the top view of the reducer of the embodiment of the present invention shown in fig. 9, the first planet carrier 214 and the second planet carrier 226 of the embodiment of the present invention are locked together by four sets of screws 263, on one hand, a clamping force is formed between the first planet carrier 214 and the second planet carrier 226, and the first RV gear and the second RV gear are clamped between the two, so as to ensure that the two gears can be meshed at the positions corresponding to the pin teeth of the reducer housing; on the other hand, the first and

second carriers

214 and 226 are respectively mounted on both sides of the first and second RV gears and connected to two crankshafts, so that reaction force given to the RB gear to the reducer case can be outputted with good balance.

In particular operation, the input shaft 210 is the input end; the input shaft 210 is connected with an input gear 211, and the rotating speed of the input gear 211 is the same as that of the input shaft 210; the input gear 211 is connected to the spur gear 213 to perform the preceding stage deceleration.

The straight gear 213 drives the crankshaft 212 to rotate, and the crankshaft 212 drives the first RV gear 218 and the second RV gear 219 to swing in a staggered manner and engage with the pin teeth of the reducer shell successively; because the reducer housing 216 of the embodiment of the invention is fixed, the reduction at the later stage of the reducer is embodied in that the crankshaft 212 slowly rotates around the input shaft; since the first planet carrier 214 and the second planet carrier 226 are connected to the two crank shafts 212, the first planet carrier 214 is driven by the crank shafts 212 to slowly rotate around the input shaft 210, and can be used as an output end to be connected to other parts.

Similarly, the second planet carrier 226 can also serve as an output.

According to the reducer structure, the first planet carrier, the first RV gear, the second RV gear and the second planet carrier are fixed in the z direction mainly in a clamping mode; when the speed reducer operates, the first planet carrier, the first RV gear, the second RV gear and the second planet carrier rotate mutually, and contact surfaces slide mutually, so in specific implementation, the contact surfaces in the z direction of the first planet carrier, the first RV gear, the second RV gear and the second planet carrier need to be machined into smooth surfaces so as to reduce friction force. Because the first planet carrier, the first RV gear, the second RV gear and the second planet carrier are made of metal materials, when the speed reducer is static, molecular motion can occur between smooth contact surfaces, adhesion is formed, and abrasion is easily caused to the speed reducer.

Therefore, in a specific implementation, a washer can be added on the crankshaft at the contact position between the first planet carrier, the first RV gear, the second RV gear and the second planet carrier to separate the first planet carrier, the first RV gear, the second RV gear and the second planet carrier; after the gasket is added, a certain gap can be formed among the first planet carrier, the first RV gear and the second RV gear, but because the contact area between the gasket and each part is small, the gasket is easy to wear and cause loss during high-speed motion; the powder dropped out by the abrasion of the gasket is easily mixed into the lubricating grease, the performance of the lubricating grease is reduced, and the performance of the speed reducer is affected.

Accordingly, a wear resistant ceramic coating may also be provided on the z-positive and z-negative faces of the first and second RV gears.

The wear-resistant ceramic is a special corundum ceramic which is formed by taking AL2O3 as a main raw material and rare metal oxide as a flux through high-temperature roasting at a temperature of one thousand, seven and a hundred degrees and is combined by special rubber and a high-strength organic/inorganic adhesive respectively, and has the excellent characteristics of high hardness, excellent wear resistance, light weight, firm bonding, good heat resistance and the like, and the structure is relatively stable. The reducer provided by the embodiment of the invention is used as an isolation medium among the first planet carrier, the first RV gear, the second RV gear and the second planet carrier, and can prevent the first planet carrier, the first RV gear, the second RV gear and the second planet carrier from generating molecular motion due to long-term rest to form adhesion; it should be noted that the surface of the wear-resistant ceramic needs to be polished smooth to reduce frictional resistance.

Furthermore, the speed reducer provided by the embodiment of the invention is mainly used in an application scene with a heavy load, and has the characteristics of small volume, large reduction ratio and the like; when the load is low and the rotating speed is high, the reducer can be designed in a light weight mode so as to reduce the weight of the reducer.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a reduction gear according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 11 is a plan view of a first carrier according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a second carrier structure is similar to the first carrier structure and will not be described again. In fig. 11, the heavy solid line indicates the primary force-receiving position of the first carrier 214, and the design on the first carrier is as follows:

the first carrier 214 is formed with an input gear through hole 261 for receiving the input shaft 211 and the input gear 211, and a spur gear through hole 262 for receiving the crank shaft 212 and the spur gear 213. In addition, in order to achieve the mounting and power output of the first carrier 214, screw holes for the connection screws 263 and output connection holes 264 for connection with external parts are provided.

The position where the first carrier 214 is mainly subjected to the force includes the output connection hole 264 and the tapered roller bearing mounting surface 270 in contact with the tapered roller bearing 220, and in the top view shown in fig. 11, the tapered roller bearing mounting surface 270 is shown by a broken line due to the view angle. The output connecting port 264 is connected with the output of an external part, and is stressed greatly; the conical roller bearing mounting face 270 is primarily subject to the reaction forces imparted to the crankshaft by the reducer housing through the RV gear. Since the conical roller bearing and the conical roller bearing mounting surface 270 are in annular surface contact, the conical roller bearing mounting surface 270 is mainly stressed in a tangential direction of the circumferential motion of the crankshaft, and taking the clockwise motion direction shown in fig. 11 as an example, the direction of the force applied to the conical roller bearing mounting surface 270 by the crankshaft based on the conical roller bearing is the direction shown by the arrow lead on the conical roller bearing mounting surface 270 in fig. 11.

In specific implementation, in order to reduce the weight of the speed reducer according to the embodiment of the invention, heat dissipation holes may be formed in the first planet carrier 214 and the second planet carrier, so that on one hand, the weight of the planet carrier is reduced, and thus the weight of the speed reducer is reduced; on the other hand, the exposed area of the speed reducer is increased, so that the heat dissipation speed in the speed reducer is increased, and the speed reducer can work at a higher rotating speed.

It should be noted that, in consideration of the stress characteristics of the first planet carrier, in order to avoid the damage of the first planet carrier caused by stress concentration due to the too thin wall thickness of the surrounding walls of the conical roller bearing mounting surface 270 and the output connection hole 264, the heat dissipation holes are arranged so as to avoid being too close to the conical roller bearing mounting surface 270 and the output connection hole 264; in a specific implementation, if the radius of the conical roller bearing mounting surface 270 is D1, the distance between the heat dissipation holes and the conical roller bearing mounting surface 270 is at least 0.1D1 in order to avoid stress concentration; similarly, the distance from the heat dissipation holes around the output connection hole 264 to the output connection hole is at least one tenth of the diameter of the output connection hole.

Fig. 12 shows a modified first RV gear schematic top view. In a similar way, heat dissipation holes can be formed in the set range on the first RV gear and the second RV gear. Considering the stressed positions of the first RV gear and the second RV gear, which are respectively the crank part connecting holes 272 connected with the first crank part or the second crank part of the crank shaft, the distance between the heat dissipation hole and the crank part connecting hole is at least 0.1D2 assuming that the diameter of the crank part connecting hole 272 is D2; besides, the stress positions of the first RV gear and the second RV gear further comprise surrounding teeth, therefore, the RV gears are provided with heat dissipation holes, attention needs to be paid to the heat dissipation holes, and at least one tooth height distance is kept between the heat dissipation holes and the tooth bottom circle of the outer teeth.

It should be noted that the shape of the heat dissipation holes of the speed reducer provided by the embodiment of the present invention is not limited, and the shape can be designed according to actual load requirements and machining requirements, and the area of the openings of the heat dissipation holes is utilized to balance the load force and the rotation speed of the speed reducer, so as to adapt to various working conditions.

Through the improved speed reducer, although the rated load is smaller than that before the heat dissipation holes are formed due to the arrangement of the heat dissipation holes, the improved speed reducer is suitable for high-speed light-load movement due to the weight reduction and the arrangement of the heat dissipation holes, and is beneficial to reducing the production cost of the speed reducer and expanding the application scene of the speed reducer.

The speed reducer provided by the embodiment of the invention is subjected to two-stage speed reduction and two-stage transmission from the power input end to the power output end, and the speed reduction and the transmission of each stage are in line contact or surface contact, so that the load is large; the arrangement of each part fully utilizes the space, so that the speed reducer realizes the speed reduction with larger speed reduction ratio in smaller volume; the heat dissipation holes of the planet carrier and the RV gear are arranged, so that the reducer can be applied to occasions with high rotating speed and low load, and the application range of the reducer is enlarged.

Couplings can be divided into two broad categories, rigid couplings and flexible couplings. The rigid coupling does not have the buffer property and the capacity of compensating the relative displacement of two axes, and requires strict centering of the two axes, but the rigid coupling has the advantages of simple structure, lower manufacturing cost, convenient assembly, disassembly and maintenance, higher centering property of the two axes, larger transmission torque and wide application. Flange couplings, sleeve couplings, split coupling and the like are commonly used.

The flexible coupling can be divided into an inelastic element flexible coupling and an elastic element flexible coupling, the former type only has the capability of compensating the relative displacement of two axes but cannot buffer and damp vibration, and a sliding block coupling, a tooth type coupling, a universal coupling, a chain coupling and the like are common; the latter type has the capability of compensating relative displacement of two axes due to the elastic element, and also has the functions of buffering and vibration reduction, but the transmitted torque is limited by the strength of the elastic element, and is generally not as good as a flexible coupling without the elastic element, such as a common elastic sleeve pin coupling, an elastic pin coupling, a quincunx coupling, a tire type coupling, a serpentine spring coupling, a reed coupling and the like.

Fig. 13 shows a schematic view of a coupling structure of an embodiment of the invention. The embodiment of the invention adopts a rigid coupler, which comprises a coupler bracket 232, a coupler shell 233, a coupler body 231, a coupler bottom cover 230, a coupler bearing 236 and a coupler reducer oil seal 234;

the coupler bracket 232 is fixed on the reducer bracket 202, and the coupler housing 233 is mounted in the middle of the coupler bracket 232;

the coupling bottom cover 230 is mounted on the z-direction of the coupling housing 233 and is fixedly connected with the first planet carrier 214 of the speed reducer; the coupling body 231z is fixedly connected to the platform 204 in the forward direction, and specifically, fixedly connected to the porous disc 205 of the platform 204.

The coupler body 231 extends into the inner cavity of the coupler housing 233 from the positive z direction of the coupler housing 233, penetrates out from the negative z direction of the coupler housing 233, and is fixedly connected with the coupler bottom cover 230;

the number of the coupler speed reducer oil seals 234 is two, and the two oil seals are respectively installed on the positive direction contact position and the negative direction contact position of the coupler body 231 and the coupler shell 233 z.

To avoid the hassle of repeatedly replacing the oil or grease, the space between the two coupling reducer oil seals 234 may be filled with oil or grease 235.

Above the coupling reducer oil seal 234 in the z-forward direction, a coupling bearing 236 is provided, which coupling bearing 236 serves to reduce friction during operation of the coupling.

In the mechanical arm module provided by the embodiment of the invention, the rotating base is a first shaft and is responsible for controlling the rotation of the platform; because the speed reducer of the rotating base has a large speed change ratio, the force load performance and the running speed can be designed in a matching way, so the rotating base is suitable for various working conditions and has good practicability; the first arm and the second arm are respectively a second shaft and a third shaft of the multidirectional operation device, and driving elements of the multidirectional operation device are arranged on the platform; because the weight is mainly concentrated on the platform rather than the arm, when the rotating base rotates at a high speed, the inertia of the arm is smaller, which is beneficial to the high-speed rotation of the rotating base; meanwhile, as the first arm and the second arm are not provided with driving elements, the arms are light in weight, and therefore, the working tail end can achieve high movement speed.

Fig. 14 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a paint spray head according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 15 is a full sectional view of the paint spray head according to an embodiment of the present invention in an orientation of a feed hole, fig. 16 is a full sectional view of the paint spray head according to an embodiment of the present invention in an orientation of an air intake hole, and fig. 17 is a full sectional view of the paint spray head according to an embodiment of the present invention in an orientation of a pressure maintaining hole.

The paint spraying module comprises a paint spraying head 1300, wherein a paint cavity 1308 and a gas cavity 1309 are arranged inside the paint spraying head of the embodiment of the invention, wherein the paint cavity 1308 is arranged in the center of the paint spraying head; the gas cavity 1309 is cylindrical and is positioned at the periphery of the paint cavity; the gas cavity and the paint cabin are not communicated with each other.

Above the paint cavity 1308, a feed hole 1301 and a pressure maintaining hole 1303 are respectively arranged, wherein the pressure maintaining hole 1303 is communicated with the paint cavity 1308 through a long pipe, and a hydraulic piston 1311 is arranged on the long pipe. In actual operation, the feeding hole 1301 is connected with a feeding device for feeding high-pressure paint, such as a plunger pump; the pressure maintaining hole 1303 is connected with a pressure maintaining device for conveying high-pressure liquid, such as a hydraulic pump, and in order to save cost, a one-way valve can be connected between the hydraulic pump and the pressure maintaining hole 1303 to prevent the high-pressure liquid from flowing back; likewise, a non-return valve may be connected between the inlet opening and the plunger pump in order to prevent paint from flowing back. Since the above components are not the subject of the present invention, they are not shown in the drawings, and the detailed structure can be referred to the prior art.

It should be noted that more than one dwell hole 1303 may be provided in order to avoid an excessively long tube length of the dwell hole 1303 while accommodating a sufficient volume of high pressure paint.

At the periphery of paint chamber 1308, heating ring 1307 is provided, heating ring 1307 may actually be formed by winding a resistance wire or by nesting arc-shaped resistance metal. The heating ring 1307 can be used to heat the paint, where the paint temperature is increased and has more kinetic energy for atomization; when the paint mist is sprayed out, part of the kinetic energy is converted into heat energy in the air, so that the temperature of the paint attaching surface is increased, and the airing or drying speed of the paint is shorter.

An air inlet hole 1302 is arranged above the air cavity 1309, and the air inlet hole 1302 is communicated with an air compressor to provide high-pressure air and enhance the paint atomizing effect.

The paint output and gas output are typically controlled by the nozzles 1306 and different spray effects and spray areas can be achieved by changing different nozzles 1306. As can be seen from the above description, the interface between the nozzle 1306 and the spray head 1300 is made up of two parts for connection to the paint cavity 1308 and the gas cavity 1309, respectively. An ejector 1310 is arranged on the axis of the paint spraying head 1300, the upper part of the ejector 1310 extends out of the paint spraying head 1300, the middle part of the ejector 1310 is in threaded connection with the paint spraying head 1300, and the bottom of the ejector 1310 is propped against the atomizing hole of the nozzle 1306. The embodiment of the invention only introduces the specific structure of the design improvement in detail, and the rest of more structures can refer to the prior art.

Fig. 18 is a view showing a connection structure of a feed pipe and a holding pressure pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention. When normal work, pressurizer and feeding device function simultaneously, and feeding device imports the high pressure paint vehicle to the paint vehicle chamber, and pressurizer supports hydraulic piston, and it has the high pressure paint vehicle to fill in the pipeline of hydraulic piston towards paint vehicle chamber one side, considers hydraulic piston's spacing, can add the step in the pipeline and be used for hydraulic piston's spacing. At the moment, the high-pressure paint is atomized and sprayed out through the nozzle; the high-pressure gas is sprayed through the nozzle in the gas cavity based on the gas transmission device, so that the atomization effect of the high-pressure paint can be further enhanced.

When the paint is suddenly cut off, a hydraulic sensor can be arranged on the feeding hole to capture the information, the pressure information of the paint feeding is captured by the hydraulic sensor, when the material is cut off, the hydraulic sensor captures a pressure reduction message of the feeding pipeline, then a signal is sent to the hydraulic pump, the pressure of the hydraulic pump is increased, a hydraulic piston in the pressure maintaining hole is pushed to move, and the high-pressure paint in the paint cavity in the paint spraying head continues to be atomized under the action of the pressure, so that the paint spraying work is completed.

It should be noted that the length of the pressure maintaining hole pipeline is designed to meet the spraying requirement of a single workpiece as much as possible, so that when the material is broken, the paint spraying operation of at least one workpiece can be completed by the paint in the pressure maintaining hole pipeline.

The multidirectional working device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above, and the principle and the embodiment of the present invention are explained in detail herein by applying specific examples, and the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A multidirectional operation device is characterized by comprising a mechanical arm module and a paint spraying module;

the tail end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the middle part or the tail end of the second arm;

the paint spraying module comprises a paint spraying head, and the paint spraying head is arranged at the tail end of the second arm;

the paint spraying head is provided with a paint cavity and a gas cavity;

the paint cavity is communicated with a feeding hole for the high-pressure paint to enter, at least one pressure maintaining hole for the high-pressure liquid to enter and a discharging hole for the atomized high-pressure paint, and a hydraulic piston for isolating the paint is arranged in the pressure maintaining hole;

the gas cavity is communicated with a gas inlet hole and a gas outlet hole for high-pressure gas to enter;

the paint spraying module also comprises a material conveying device for conveying high-pressure paint, a gas conveying device for conveying high-pressure gas and a pressure maintaining device for conveying high-pressure liquid;

the material conveying device is connected with the feeding hole, the gas conveying device is connected with the gas inlet hole, and the pressure maintaining device is connected with the pressure maintaining hole.

2. The multi-directional work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first base shaft axis is collinear with said second base shaft axis; the first arm and the second connecting rod are parallel and equal in length; the first link is parallel to the second arm.

3. The multi-directional work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said reducer comprises a reducer housing, an input shaft, an input gear, two spur gears, two crank shafts, a first carrier, a first RV gear and a second RV gear having an equal number of teeth, a second carrier;

the second planet carrier, the second RV gear, the first RV gear and the first planet carrier are sequentially arranged in the speed reducer shell from the negative z direction to the positive z direction;

the first planet carrier and the second planet carrier are matched on the inner wall of the speed reducer shell based on angular contact bearings on the outer peripheries; the inner wall of the reducer shell is uniformly provided with needle teeth, the number of which is one more than that of the teeth of the first RV gear and the second RV gear, at the positions corresponding to the first RV gear and the second RV gear;

the input shaft and the two crankshafts sequentially penetrate through the second planet carrier, the second RV gear, the first RV gear and the first planet carrier from the negative direction z of the speed reducer shell;

the tail ends of the two crankshafts are positioned in the through hole of the first planet carrier and are respectively connected with the two straight gears;

the two straight gears are symmetrically arranged outside the input gear and are meshed with the input gear;

the crank shaft is respectively a first rotating shaft part, a first crank part, a second crank part and a second rotating shaft part from the positive direction to the negative direction of z;

in the crank shaft, the outer periphery of the first shaft portion is fitted to the inner wall of the through hole of the first carrier based on a tapered roller bearing; the periphery of the second rotating shaft part is matched with the inner wall of the through hole of the second planet carrier based on a tapered roller bearing; the axes of the first rotating shaft part and the second rotating shaft part are collinear and are parallel to the axis of the input shaft;

the first crank parts of the two crankshafts are respectively connected with the first RV gear on the basis of needle bearings; second crank parts of the two crankshafts are connected with the inner wall of the through hole of the second RV gear on the basis of a needle bearing respectively;

the first RV gear and the second RV gear are meshed to the needle teeth under the driving of the two crank shafts;

and heat dissipation holes are formed in the first planet carrier, the second planet carrier, the first RV gear and the second RV gear.

4. The multi-directional work apparatus of claim 3, wherein said first RV gear and said second RV gear are provided with a wear resistant ceramic coating on each of said z-positive and z-negative surfaces.

5. The multi-directional work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first arm drive assembly comprises a first arm drive base, a first arm drive motor, a first arm drive lead screw, a first arm drive slide, and a first arm drive link;

the first arm driving base is hinged to the x negative direction of the platform;

the first arm driving screw rod and the first arm driving sliding block are arranged in a first arm driving shell, the first arm driving sliding block is sleeved on the first arm driving screw rod, and the first arm driving connecting piece is fixedly connected with the first arm driving sliding block; the first arm driving connecting piece is fixedly connected with the starting end of the first arm and is coaxial with the screw rod;

the first arm driving shell and the first arm driving motor are fixed on the first arm driving base side by side; a rotating shaft of the first arm driving motor and one end of the first arm driving screw rod are in transmission in the first arm driving base based on gear connection;

the first arm drive connection drives the first arm to rotate around the second base rotation shaft.

6. The multi-directional working apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first link driving assembly comprises a first link driving base, a first link driving motor, a first link driving lead screw, a first link driving slider, and a first link driving link;

the first connecting rod drives the base to be hinged to the x negative direction of the platform;

the first connecting rod driving screw rod and the first connecting rod driving sliding block are arranged in the first connecting rod driving shell, the first connecting rod driving sliding block is sleeved on the first connecting rod driving screw rod, and the first connecting rod driving connecting piece is fixedly connected with the first connecting rod driving sliding block; the first connecting rod driving connecting piece is fixedly connected with the starting end of the first connecting rod and is coaxial with the screw rod;

the first connecting rod driving shell and the first connecting rod driving motor are fixed on the first connecting rod driving base side by side; a rotating shaft of the first connecting rod driving motor and one end of the first connecting rod driving screw rod are in transmission in the first connecting rod driving base based on gear connection;

the first link driving connecting piece drives the first link to rotate around the first base rotating shaft.

7. The multi-directional working apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said paint chamber is located in the center of said paint spray head; the gas cavity is cylindrical and is positioned on the periphery of the paint cavity.

8. The multi-directional work apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a heating ring for high pressure paint heating is provided outside the paint cavity.