CN108429919A - Multi tate video caching in the wireless network and transmission optimization method - Google Patents
Multi tate video caching in the wireless network and transmission optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/231—Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers, prioritizing data for deletion
- H04N21/23106—Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers, prioritizing data for deletion involving caching operations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
- H04N21/6106—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network
- H04N21/6125—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network involving transmission via Internet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/10—Flow control between communication endpoints
- H04W28/14—Flow control between communication endpoints using intermediate storage
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of multi tate video caching in the wireless network and transmission optimization methods.The present invention realizes multi tate video caching in the wireless network and transmission using following step：Step 1, the access delay function of user is defined；Step 2, object function is decomposed into two sub-problems using Lagrange relaxation；Step 3, two sub-problems are solved respectively obtain optimal caching and transmission mode.The method of the present invention not only optimizes the access delay performance and user service quantity of user simultaneously, but also realizes that process is simple, is solved convenient for distributed, effectively increases user experience quality and network resource utilization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multi tate video caching in the wireless network and transmission optimization methods, belong to wireless communication
Resources in network is distributed and scheduling field.
Background technology
Popularizing with multi-medium intelligent terminal in recent years, demand of the user in wireless network to data traffic increases year by year
And having no the sign slowed down, wherein video content demand is occupied an leading position always, and huge flow demand leads to existing communication net
Network framework is difficult to bear, especially backhaul link part, at the same time, since network caused by a large number of users request service is gathered around
Plug, until the Quality of experience of user is made also to be difficult to ensure.
Caching technology is by the non-peak period in customer flow demand, by popular video content (research shows that user asks
The video content approximation asked obeys zipf distributions, i.e. user asks probability to be inversely proportional with video ranking, asks that probability is bigger to be regarded
Frequency ranking is more forward, referred to as popular video) storage is to the cache node for closing on user in advance, in the peak value of customer flow demand
Section, services user by the popular content of cache node buffered in advance, to be substantially reduced the pressure of backhaul link, simultaneously
Due to cache node more adjacent user, faster user demand can be responded, connect to be substantially reduced user
Enter time delay, improves the Quality of experience of user.
The application prospect of caching technology is very extensive, all applicable for any network node with storage capacity, often
That sees has conventional cellular network and information centre's net.In traditional cellular network, deposited by being introduced in the base station for closing on user
Energy storage power will can be substantially reduced return pressure of the base station to core net in the storage to caching of a large amount of popular videos, simultaneously because
Base station is closer to user terminal so that response user's request is rapider, provides fabulous user experience quality to the user.With
The 5G epoch close on, and various small base stations, auxiliary node is filled under the coverage area of base station, strengthens and covered to terminal user
Lid, while the distance of base station to user are more shortened, by introducing caching technology, keep network response user's request more fast
Speed.With the development of D2D and Ad-hoc technologies, the storage of user terminal can also be made increasing, be introduced in user terminal slow
Technology is deposited, the pressure of wireless network can be further mitigated, can be carried significantly by introducing caching technology in these cache nodes
Power system capacity is risen, backhaul and wireless pressure are reduced, promotes user experience quality.For information centre's net, by being route in centre
Device and edge router introduce caching simultaneously, then impose rational cache way, can be obviously improved the Quality of experience of user.Not
Carry out the continuous development due to multi-medium intelligent terminal, demand of the people to network service will be more and more urgent, it is desirable that also increasingly
Height can store the video content of multi tate by the combination of caching technology and dynamic self-adapting Flow Technique in cache node, and
Add computing unit, when user ask the content of some rate not in the buffer when can carry out rate to the content of first rate and turn
Change, the video cache of a variety of rates can be very good to adapt to network environment and user terminal standard, provide to the user relatively best
Quality of experience.
Caching technology can be very good to mitigate return pressure, promotes the Quality of experience of user, but what is cachedHow to delay
It depositsOr distinct issues the most in caching technology.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to user in wireless network demand excessively existing network framework is caused to be difficult to bear, simultaneously
The problems such as service that user cannot want, provides the caching and transmission method of video in a kind of wireless network.This method is main
The minimization problem for considering user in wireless network access delay under multi tate video scene, by rationally adjusting caching and transmission
Reach the optimization of user experience quality.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention uses following technical proposals：
A kind of multi tate video caching in the wireless network and transmission optimization method, are as follows：
Step 1：Define the access delay function of user；
Step 2：Object function is decomposed into two sub-problems using Lagrange relaxation；
Step 3：Two sub-problems are solved respectively obtains optimal caching and transmission mode.
The step 1 is as follows：
In a wireless network, Internet is generally comprised, possesses whole video resources, operator gathers around
There are many base stations, each base station has certain caching capabilities and a many users of covering, and user is to base station requests video content, base
It stands and directly user is serviced if the buffered in advance content, at this moment since base station distance user is relatively close and wireless capacity is rich
Abundant, user can experience smaller access delay, have preferable Quality of experience, otherwise will be by backhaul link to Internet
The content is transmitted in request, at this moment will occupy backhaul resources, since backhaul resources are limited, when user's request increases, is easy tod produce
Link congestion, simultaneously because Internet apart from user farther out, user will experience larger access delay, lead to user experience
Quality declines.
When user asks video content to base station or Internet, according to Congestion Level SPCC user's meeting of network link at that time
An access delay is perceived, according to the queuing of M/M/1 in queueing theory it is assumed that access delay can be described as every bit passes through
Capacity is the link that C loads are f, and the time delay spent is 1/ (C-f), and access delay is smaller, indicates user experience quality (QoE)
It is better, therefore the Quality of experience that the time delay cost minimization of user can be described to user is optimal, is specifically defined as：
s.t.yijq≤xijq+zijq (1)
Wherein inequality (1) otherwise indicate one serviced user request by content service in node B cache or by
Internet is serviced, and inequality (2) indicates that the size of cache contents is less than the limitation of base station i buffer memory capacity, wherein SiFor
The buffer memory capacity of base station i, inequality (3), (4) indicate wireless capacity limitation and backhaul capacity limitation, condition (5), (6) table respectively
Show xijq,yijq,zijqValue range, wherein xijq∈ { 0,1 }, xijqThe video j that=1 expression rate version is q is buffered in base station i,
Otherwise it does not cache.
For different user's access bandwidths, the present invention considers the video of multi tate, and the bigger user of access bandwidth can be with
Enjoy the video of more high-speed, wherein dijqIndicate user to base station i ∈ 1,2 ..., | I | request rate version be q ∈ 1,
2 ..., | Q | } video j ∈ 1,2 ... | J | it is average per bit propagation delay time, yijq∈ [0,1] indicates user Xiang Ji
I request rate versions of standing are the ratio that the video j of q is serviced, zijq∈ [0,1] indicates that user is to base station i request rate versions
The not serviced ratios for transferring directly to be serviced by Internet of video j of q, Fi,GiThe respectively wireless capacity of base station i and base station i
To the backhaul link capacity between Internet,Propagation for base station i to user and processing delay,It is arrived for base station i
The propagation of backhaul link and processing delay between Internet.Respectively
It is loaded for Radio Link and backhaul link, wherein λiIt indicates to initiate the number of users asked, R to base station ijqIndicate that rate version is
The rate of the video j of q.
The step 2 is as follows：
Introduce Lagrange multiplierIt brings condition (1) into object function, obtains
Lagrangian：
Therefore corresponding object function becomes：
By observation, which can be further broken into two sons of P1 (transmission subproblem) and P2 (caching subproblem) and ask
Topic, wherein：
The step 3 is as follows：It is solved, is as follows using distributed algorithm：
(3-1) solves transmission subproblem
It is solved using the method for subgradient iteration, first, service percent information is obtained from base station i With it is corresponding
Cache informationSecondly, extractionValue, then utilize formula：UpdateValue, finally utilize formula：
UpdateValue, until converging to optimal value.
(3-2) solves caching subproblem
It is solved using greedy algorithm, first, extractionValue and corresponding video size ojq, respectively obtain setThen buffer memory capacity confined condition ∑ Ο≤S is utilizediJudge whether node B cache is filled with, if item
Part meets, then caches video Wi=Wi-oijq,Ci=Ci∪oijq,xijq=1, otherwise set U descendings arrange, for k=1~|
U |, meet uk=uijq←ojqIf judging uk≤Wi, then Wi=Wi-uk,Ci=Ci∪uk,xijq=1, otherwise xijq=0.
Wherein Ο, U indicate video size o respectivelyjqAnd Lagrange multiplierSet, WiIndicate that the caching of base station i is big
Small Si, CiIndicate that base station i buffered video sizes, k indicate ranking, ukIndicate the size of the video of ranking kth.
The present invention compared with prior art, has and will be apparent below prominent substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage：
The method of the present invention not only realizes while optimizing the Quality of experience and user service quantity of user, but also realizes process
Simply, it is convenient for distributed solution, effectively increases network resource utilization.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of Radio Network System model that the present invention is directed to.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the caching of video and transmission method suitable for wireless network in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is delay performance in the present invention with the variation of buffer memory capacity.
Fig. 4 is to account for variation of the request user's percentage with buffer memory capacity by service user in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is delay performance in the present invention with the variation of wireless capacity.
Fig. 6 is to account for variation of the request user's percentage with wireless capacity by service user in the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is as shown in Figure 1 the caching of video and the system model of transmission in wireless network.Wireless network includes interconnection in figure
Net provides the video resource of all rates, the base station with caching capabilities, the user that covering needs service under each base station.User
To base station carry out video request, if the base station buffered in advance video content, directly services the user, otherwise base station to
The Internet retrieval requests video resource, at this moment will occupy backhaul link, and cause link congestion, simultaneously because Internet makees
For far-end server apart from user farther out, the transmission of video of multinode will cause user's access delay to increase, user experience quality
Decline.
As shown in Fig. 2, the caching of video and transmission optimization method are as follows in the present embodiment wireless network：
Step 1：Define the access delay function of user；
In a wireless network, Internet is generally comprised, possesses whole video resources, operator gathers around
There are many base stations, each base station has certain caching capabilities and a many users of covering, and user is to base station requests video content, base
It stands and directly user is serviced if the buffered in advance content, at this moment since base station distance user is relatively close and wireless capacity is rich
Abundant, user can experience smaller access delay, have preferable Quality of experience, otherwise will be by backhaul link to Internet
The content is transmitted in request, at this moment will occupy backhaul resources, since backhaul resources are limited, when user's request increases, is easy tod produce
Link congestion, simultaneously because Internet apart from user farther out, user will experience larger access delay, lead to user experience
Quality declines.
When user asks video content to base station or Internet, according to Congestion Level SPCC user's meeting of network link at that time
An access delay is perceived, according to the queuing of M/M/1 in queueing theory it is assumed that access delay can be described as every bit passes through
Capacity is the link that C loads are f, and the time delay spent is 1/ (C-f), and access delay is smaller, indicates user experience quality (QoE)
It is better, therefore the Quality of experience that the time delay cost minimization of user can be described to user is optimal, is specifically defined as：
s.t.yijq≤xijq+zijq (1)
Wherein inequality (1) otherwise indicate one serviced user request by content service in node B cache or by
Internet is serviced, and inequality (2) indicates that the size of cache contents is less than the limitation of base station i buffer memory capacity, wherein SiFor
The buffer memory capacity of base station i, inequality (3), (4) indicate wireless capacity limitation and backhaul capacity limitation, condition (5), (6) table respectively
Show xijq,yijq,zijqValue range, wherein xijq∈ { 0,1 }, xijqThe video j that=1 expression rate version is q is buffered in base station i,
Otherwise it does not cache.
For different user's access bandwidths, the present invention considers the video of multi tate, and the bigger user of access bandwidth can be with
Enjoy the video of more high-speed, wherein dijqIndicate user to base station i ∈ 1,2 ..., | I | request rate version be q ∈ 1,
2 ..., | Q | } video j ∈ 1,2 ... | J | it is average per bit propagation delay time, yijq∈ [0,1] indicates user Xiang Ji
I request rate versions of standing are the ratio that the video j of q is serviced, zijq∈ [0,1] indicates that user is to base station i request rate versions
The not serviced ratios for transferring directly to be serviced by Internet of video j of q, Fi,GiThe respectively wireless capacity of base station i and base station i
To the backhaul link capacity between Internet,Propagation for base station i to user and processing delay,It is arrived for base station i
The propagation of backhaul link and processing delay between Internet.Respectively
It is loaded for Radio Link and backhaul link, wherein λiIt indicates to initiate the number of users asked, R to base station ijqIndicate that rate version is
The rate of the video j of q.
Step 2：Object function is decomposed into two sub-problems using Lagrange relaxation.
Introduce Lagrange multiplierIt brings condition (1) into object function, obtains
Lagrangian：
Therefore corresponding object function becomes：
By observation, which can be further broken into two sons of P1 (transmission subproblem) and P2 (caching subproblem) and ask
Topic：
Step 3：Two sub-problems are solved respectively obtains optimal caching and transmission mode.
It is solved, is as follows using distributed algorithm：
(3-1) solves transmission subproblem
It is solved using the method for subgradient iteration, first, service percent information is obtained from base station i With it is corresponding
Cache informationSecondly, extractionValue, then utilize formula：Update
Value, finally utilize formula：
UpdateValue, until converging to optimal value.
(3-2) solves caching subproblem
It is solved using greedy algorithm, first, extractionValue and corresponding video size ojq, respectively obtain setThen buffer memory capacity confined condition ∑ Ο≤S is utilizediJudge whether node B cache is filled with, if item
Part meets, then caches video Wi=Wi-oijq,Ci=Ci∪oijq,xijq=1, otherwise set U descendings arrange, for k=1~|
U |, meet uk=uijq←ojqIf judging uk≤Wi, then Wi=Wi-uk,Ci=Ci∪uk,xijq=1, otherwise xijq=0.
Wherein Ο, U indicate video size o respectivelyjqAnd Lagrange multiplierSet, WiIndicate that the caching of base station i is big
Small Si, CiIndicate that base station i buffered video sizes, k indicate ranking, ukIndicate the size of the video of ranking kth.
Fig. 3 shows in the wireless network, video cache and transmission method according to the present invention, in wireless and backhaul capacity
Under conditions of limited, user's delay performance with buffer memory capacity variation.From experimental result as can be seen that with no caching system phase
Than in band caching system, user's time delay is significantly reduced.Since in no caching system, base station itself is only risen without caching
The transfer of request and service effect, causes transmission node more, increases user's time delay, in band caching system, with caching
Capacity increases, and the quantity that base station can cache popular video increases, therefore is increased by user's ratio that home base stations are serviced, together
When since home base stations are closer to user, access delay reduces therewith, user experience quality increase.
Fig. 4 shows in the wireless network, video cache and transmission method according to the present invention, in wireless and backhaul capacity
Under conditions of limited, variation of the request user's percentage with buffer memory capacity is accounted for by service user.From experimental result as can be seen that
Without in caching system, since base station itself is unable to service user, cause can number of service subscribers it is less, in band caching system,
As buffer memory capacity increases, the quantity that base station can cache popular video increases, most of to be needed originally through weak backhaul capacity
The request serviced can be serviced by the video in caching by comparing rich Radio Link, and the backhaul of saving is held
Amount can be used for servicing the local user that cannot be serviced, therefore adding somewhat to can number of service subscribers.
Fig. 5 shows that in the wireless network video cache and transmission method according to the present invention are certain in buffer memory capacity,
Under conditions of backhaul capacity is limited, user's delay performance with wireless capacity variation.From experimental result as can be seen that with wireless
The increase of capacity, the access delay of user, which is gradually reduced, then keeps basicly stable.Analyze delay performance curve, it can be seen that former
It is mainly wireless capacity influence time delay size, with the increase of wireless capacity, user's time delay strongly reduces, but ought wirelessly hold
When amount is increased to a certain extent, the limited influence of wireless capacity is substantially not present, main to influence to become backhaul capacity, therefore at this moment
User's time delay kept stable.
Fig. 6 shows that in the wireless network video cache and transmission method according to the present invention are certain in buffer memory capacity,
Under conditions of backhaul capacity is limited, variation of the request user's percentage with wireless capacity is accounted for by service user.It can from experimental result
To find out, with the increase of wireless capacity, request user's percentage is accounted for by service user gradually increases and then keep basicly stable.
With the increase of wireless capacity, the user that home base stations can service increases, and user's ratio of home base stations service increases therewith；Together
When due to home base stations wireless capacity increase so that originally backhaul link can service but fail to service since wireless capacity is limited
Part user also serviced, further increase user's ratio of service, but when wireless capacity increases to certain journey
When spending, the limited influence of wireless capacity is substantially not present, and main limited influence becomes backhaul capacity, therefore the use that at this moment can be serviced
Family ratio kept stable.It can be seen that the video cache of the present invention can optimize the access delay performance of user with transmission method simultaneously
With user service quantity.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of multi tate video caching in the wireless network and transmission optimization method, which is characterized in that be as follows：
Step 1：Define the access delay function of user；
Step 2：Object function is decomposed into two sub-problems using Lagrange relaxation；
Step 3：Two sub-problems are solved respectively obtains optimal caching and transmission mode.
2. multi tate video according to claim 1 caching in the wireless network and transmission optimization method, feature exist
In the step 1 is as follows：
In a wireless network, Internet is generally comprised, possesses whole video resources, operator possesses very
More base stations, each base station have certain caching capabilities and many users of covering, and user is to base station requests video content, if base station
The buffered in advance content then directly services user, at this moment since base station distance user is relatively close and wireless capacity is rich,
User can experience smaller access delay, have preferable Quality of experience, otherwise will be asked to Internet by backhaul link
It asks and transmits the content, at this moment will occupy backhaul resources, since backhaul resources are limited, when user's request increases, easy to produce chain
Road congestion, simultaneously because Internet apart from user farther out, user will experience larger access delay, and user's body is caused to be checked the quality
Amount declines；
When user asks video content to base station or Internet, can be perceived according to the Congestion Level SPCC user of network link at that time
To an access delay, according to the queuing of M/M/1 in queueing theory it is assumed that it is C that access delay, which is described as every bit by capacity,
Load is the link of f, and the time delay spent is 1/ (C-f), and access delay is smaller, indicates that user experience quality is better, therefore will
The Quality of experience that the time delay cost minimization of user describes user is optimal, is specifically defined as：
s.t.yijq≤xijq+zijq (1)
Wherein inequality (1) otherwise indicate one serviced user request by content service in node B cache or by
Internet is serviced, and inequality (2) indicates that the size of cache contents is less than the limitation of base station i buffer memory capacity, wherein SiFor
The buffer memory capacity of base station i, inequality (3), (4) indicate wireless capacity limitation and backhaul capacity limitation, condition (5), (6) table respectively
Show xijq,yijq,zijqValue range, wherein xijq∈ { 0,1 }, xijqThe video j that=1 expression rate version is q is buffered in base station i,
Otherwise it does not cache；
For different user's access bandwidths, the video of multi tate is considered, the bigger user of access bandwidth enjoys more high-speed
Video, wherein dijqIndicate user to base station i ∈ { 1,2 ..., | I | } request rate version be regarding for q ∈ { 1,2 ..., | Q | }
Frequency j ∈ 1,2 ... | J | it is average per bit propagation delay time, yijq∈ [0,1] indicates user to base station i request rate versions
For the ratio that the video j of q is serviced, zijq∈ [0,1] indicates user to the non-bedding and clothing of video j that base station i request rate versions are q
The ratio directly serviced by Internet, F are transferred in businessi,GiRespectively between the wireless capacity of base station i and base station i to Internet
Backhaul link capacity,Propagation for base station i to user and processing delay,The backhaul chain between i to the Internet of base station
The propagation on road and processing delay；Respectively Radio Link and backhaul chain
Road loads, wherein λiIt indicates to initiate the number of users asked, R to base station ijqIndicate that rate version is the rate of the video j of q.
3. multi tate video according to claim 1 caching in the wireless network and transmission optimization method, feature exist
In the step 2 is as follows：Object function is decomposed into two sub-problems using Lagrange relaxation, introduces and draws
Ge Lang multipliersIt brings condition (1) into object function, obtains Lagrangian：
Therefore corresponding object function becomes：
By observation, which is further broken into P1, transmits subproblem and P2, caches subproblem two sub-problems, wherein：
P1：
P2：
4. multi tate video according to claim 1 caching in the wireless network and transmission optimization method, feature exist
In the step 3 is as follows：It is solved, is as follows using distributed algorithm：
(3-1) solves transmission subproblem
It is solved using the method for subgradient iteration, first, service percent information is obtained from base station i Delay with corresponding
Deposit informationSecondly, extractionValue, then utilize formula：Update's
Value finally utilizes formula：More
NewlyValue, until converging to optimal value；
(3-2) solves caching subproblem
It is solved using greedy algorithm, first, extractionValue and corresponding video size ojq, respectively obtain set Ο=Ο ∪ oijq,Then buffer memory capacity confined condition ∑ Ο≤S is utilizediJudge whether node B cache is filled with, if condition meets,
Cache video Wi=Wi-oijq,Ci=Ci∪oijq,xijq=1, otherwise set U descendings arrange, for k=1~| U |, meet uk
=uijq←ojqIf judging uk≤Wi, then Wi=Wi-uk,Ci=Ci∪uk,xijq=1, otherwise xijq=0；
Wherein Ο, U indicate video size o respectivelyjqAnd Lagrange multiplierSet, WiIndicate the cache size S of base station ii,
CiIndicate that base station i buffered video sizes, k indicate ranking, ukIndicate the size of the video of ranking kth.
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| CN110417847A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-11-05 | 北京邮电大学 | The method and device of Communication Network for UAVS user access and content caching |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110417847A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-11-05 | 北京邮电大学 | The method and device of Communication Network for UAVS user access and content caching |
| CN110417847B (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2020-09-01 | 北京邮电大学 | Method and device for user access and content caching in unmanned aerial vehicle communication network |
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