CN108426765B - Fatigue test device for steel bridge deck test piece - Google Patents

Fatigue test device for steel bridge deck test piece Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108426765B
CN108426765B CN201810287849.XA CN201810287849A CN108426765B CN 108426765 B CN108426765 B CN 108426765B CN 201810287849 A CN201810287849 A CN 201810287849A CN 108426765 B CN108426765 B CN 108426765B
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supporting
test
test piece
top plate
anchoring
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CN108426765A (en
Inventor
张清华
李俊
郭亚文
袁道云
卜一之
程震宇
贾东林
崔闯
魏川
刘益铭
刘欣益
韩少辉
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0073Fatigue
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0262Shape of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0278Thin specimens
    • G01N2203/0282Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fatigue test device for a steel bridge deck test piece, which comprises a top plate and a half U-shaped rib connected with the top plate, wherein the test device comprises a test piece supporting and anchoring structure, a force application structure and a base for fixing the test piece supporting and anchoring structure and the force application structure, the test piece supporting and anchoring structure comprises supporting pieces for respectively anchoring and supporting two ends of the top plate, elastic connecting pieces for connecting the free ends of the half U-shaped rib with the supporting pieces, and the force application structure comprises a loading device for applying load to the test piece and an elastic constraint structure for applying constraint force to two ends of the top plate. Compared with the multi-U-rib type top plate and the U-rib partial test piece adopted in the prior art, the test piece structure adopted in the invention has small size and less material consumption, thereby greatly reducing the fatigue test scale, facilitating the transportation and erection of the device, improving the test efficiency, and being capable of well simulating the stress condition of the steel bridge deck in practice, thereby more accurately researching the fatigue property of the steel bridge deck.

Description

Fatigue test device for steel bridge deck test piece
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel bridge decks, in particular to a steel bridge deck fatigue test device.
Background
The steel bridge is taken as an important component of the national traffic main line, and most of guard roads and throats for railway traffic transportation directly influence the smooth running of the traffic main line. The orthotropic steel deck plate is used as the first bridge deck structure of the steel bridge, has the outstanding advantages of light weight, high strength and the like, and is widely applied in China.
The steel bridge deck has large longitudinal and transverse rigidity difference, complex construction details, numerous welding seams and prominent stress concentration problem, and causes frequent fatigue cracking problem of the steel bridge deck. Fatigue cracking obviously reduces the service quality of bridge structures and seriously jeopardizes the durability and safety of the structures. The fatigue problem of the orthotropic steel bridge deck is always a research hotspot in the bridge engineering world, and the fatigue test is used as the most direct and effective method for researching the fatigue performance of the steel bridge deck, is always a focus of various universities and scientific research institutes, and is mainly a full-scale segment test piece model of a plurality of U-shaped ribs and a plurality of transverse baffles, wherein the stress mode of the full-scale segment test piece model is closest to that of a solid bridge. However, the full-scale segment model has large size, multiple consumables, high energy consumption, high requirements on test equipment and sites, high test cost and other factors, so that the development of the fatigue test research of the full-scale segment test piece is restricted.
Because the full-scale section test piece model is restricted by various conditions, researchers select a single-U-rib or multi-U-rib type top plate and a U-rib local test piece to develop model test research, but the U-rib in the local test piece model is not constrained, and is different from the stress mode of the U-rib in an actual bridge, so that the actual stress condition of a tapping bridge panel can not be reflected. Therefore, a fatigue test device which can simulate the actual stress mode of the steel bridge deck and greatly reduce the size of the test piece model is needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a fatigue test device for a steel bridge deck test piece, which aims to solve the problems that the steel bridge deck fatigue test device in the prior art cannot simulate actual stress and has higher cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the fatigue test device for the steel bridge deck test piece according to the invention comprises a test piece, a test piece supporting and anchoring structure, a force application structure and a base for fixing the test piece supporting and anchoring structure and the force application structure, wherein the test piece comprises a top plate and a half U-shaped rib connected with the top plate, the test piece supporting and anchoring structure comprises supporting pieces for respectively anchoring and supporting two ends of the top plate, elastic connecting pieces for connecting the free ends of the half U-shaped rib with the supporting pieces, and the force application structure comprises a loading device for applying load to the test piece and an elastic constraint structure for applying constraint force to two ends of the top plate. Compared with the U-shaped ribs adopted in the prior art, the test piece structure adopted in the invention has the advantages of small size and less material consumption, thereby greatly reducing the fatigue test scale, facilitating the transportation and erection of the device and improving the test efficiency. The loading device applies loading force to the test piece in the test process, and the elastic connecting piece can generate torsion displacement and downwarping displacement which cannot be simulated by the prior art under the action of the load loaded by the loading device, so that the actual stress mode of the steel bridge deck is simulated; when the loading device is loaded, the elastic constraint structure applies constraint force to the two ends of the top plate to constrain the positions of the two ends of the top plate, so that the constraint effect of the adjacent top plate on the test piece in the steel bridge deck is simulated, the stress condition of the steel bridge deck in practice can be well simulated through the structure, and the fatigue performance of the steel bridge deck is more accurately researched.
Further, the support includes a support plate and an anchor clip that anchors and clamps the top plate end to the top of the support plate. Therefore, anchoring supports are provided for the two ends of the top plate, and the structure is simple and easy to realize.
Further, the supporting plate is anchored on the base through a bolt structure, and a bolt hole array for installing the supporting plate is arranged on the base. The mounting position of the support plate on the base can be adjusted, so that the support plate is suitable for semi-U-shaped rib structures with different length sizes, wherein the length refers to the length between two ends of the top plate.
Further, one end of the elastic connecting piece is clamped and connected with the free end of the half U-shaped rib, and the other end of the elastic connecting piece is fixed with the supporting piece through a bolt structure. Thereby facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the elastic connecting piece.
Further, one end of the elastic connecting piece comprises a pair of angle steels for clamping the free ends of the half U-shaped ribs, and the other end of the elastic connecting piece comprises I-steel which is respectively connected with the angle steels through a bolt structure. The elastic connecting piece is simple in structure and easy to obtain, and the torsion displacement and downwarping displacement simulating effect of the steel bridge deck is optimal.
Further, the supporting piece is vertically provided with a bolt hole array for anchoring connection of the other end of the elastic connecting piece. The position of the resilient connecting element can thus be adjusted to accommodate test pieces of different height dimensions, where height refers to the height of the top plate to the free end of the half U-rib.
Further, the elastic restraining structure comprises clamping pieces for respectively clamping two ends of the top plate and supporting anchoring structures for supporting the clamping pieces. Thereby realizing the position constraint of the two ends of the top plate.
Further, the clamping piece comprises two steel bars which clamp the end part of the top plate in the middle, and the supporting and anchoring structure comprises supporting columns which are respectively arranged at the two ends of the steel bars and steel bar fixing pieces which are arranged at the tops of the supporting columns and used for fixing the steel bars. The structure is simple, the operation and the installation are convenient, and the constraint effect on the two ends of the top plate is better.
Further, the steel bar fixing piece comprises a lower fixing block arranged at the top of the supporting column and an upper fixing block connected with the lower fixing block through a bolt structure, and slots for inserting the steel bar are formed in the lower fixing block and the upper fixing block. Therefore, the support column is convenient to detach and install, and the steel bar is convenient to insert and take out.
Further, the supporting column is anchored on the base through a bolt structure, and a bolt hole array for installing the supporting column is arranged on the base. Thereby effecting constraints on test pieces of different sizes.
Therefore, compared with a model test piece adopted in the prior art, the test piece structure adopted in the invention has the advantages of small size and less material consumption, thereby greatly reducing the fatigue test scale, facilitating the transportation and erection of the device and improving the test efficiency. The loading device applies load to the test piece in the test process, and the elastic connecting piece can enable the half U-shaped rib to generate torsion displacement and downwarping displacement under the action of the load, so that the actual stress mode of the steel bridge deck is simulated; when the loading device is loaded, the supporting anchoring plate and the elastic supporting anchoring structure exert constraint actions on two ends of the top plate, so that the constraint actions of the adjacent top plates in the steel bridge deck on the test piece are simulated, the stress condition of the steel bridge deck in practice can be well simulated through the structure, and the fatigue performance of the steel bridge deck can be more accurately researched. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, less material consumption, small occupied space, low test cost, high test efficiency and more approximate stress condition of the test piece in the test process to the stress condition of the steel bridge deck in practice. The invention is mainly applied to the fatigue test of the steel bridge deck.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, are shown by way of illustration and not of limitation, and in which are shown by way of illustration and description of the invention. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fatigue testing apparatus for a steel deck test piece according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the fatigue testing apparatus of the steel deck plate test piece of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a test piece supporting and anchoring structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an elastic constraint structure in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an elastic connector according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a base in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of a test piece according to the present invention.
The relevant marks in the drawings are as follows:
1: a test piece;
11: a top plate;
12: half U-ribs;
2: a test piece supporting and anchoring structure;
21: a support;
210: a support plate;
211: an anchor clip;
212: a third bolt hole;
22: an elastic connection member;
220: angle steel;
221: i-steel;
3: a base;
31: a first bolt hole;
32: a second bolt hole;
4: a loading device;
5: an elastic constraining structure;
51: a steel bar;
52: a support column;
53: column feet;
54: a lower fixing block;
55: an upper fixing block;
56: a slot.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these descriptions. Before describing the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be noted in particular that:
the technical solutions and technical features provided in the sections including the following description in the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
In addition, the embodiments of the invention that are referred to in the following description are typically only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. Therefore, all other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, based on the embodiments of the present invention.
Terms and units in relation to the present invention. The terms "comprising," "having," and any variations thereof in the description and claims of the invention and in the relevant sections are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. The term "elastic" in the present invention refers to elastic restraining elements and elastic connecting elements described in the device, which have small elastic deformation, generally in millimeter scale, and the purpose of the elastic restraining elements and the elastic connecting elements is to generate certain elastic deformation at the restraining position, so as to simulate the elastic restraining action of adjacent elements in an actual bridge.
The invention relates to a fatigue test device for a steel bridge deck test piece, which comprises a top plate 11 and a half U-shaped rib 12 connected with the top plate 11, wherein the test device comprises a test piece supporting and anchoring structure 2, a force application structure and a base 3 for fixing the test piece supporting and anchoring structure 2 and the force application structure, the test piece supporting and anchoring structure 2 comprises supporting pieces 21 for respectively anchoring two ends of the supporting top plate 11, elastic connecting pieces 22 for connecting the free ends of the half U-shaped rib 12 and the supporting pieces 21, and the force application structure comprises a loading device 4 for applying load to the test piece 1 and an elastic constraint structure 5 for applying constraint force to two ends of the top plate 11.
The support 21 includes a support plate 210 and an anchor clip 211, the anchor clip 211 anchoring and clamping the end of the top plate 11 to the top of the support plate 210.
The support plate 210 is anchored to the base 3 by a bolt structure, and the base 3 is provided with a bolt hole array for installing the support plate 210.
One end of the elastic connecting piece 22 is clamped and connected with the free end of the half U-shaped rib 12, and the other end of the elastic connecting piece is fixed with the supporting piece 21 through a bolt structure.
The elastic connection member 22 has one end including a pair of angle steels 220 for clamping the free ends of the half U-ribs 12, and the other end including i-steels 221 respectively connected to the angle steels 220 by a bolt structure.
The supporting member 21 is vertically provided with a bolt hole array for anchoring and connecting the other end of the elastic connecting member 22.
The elastic restraining structure 5 includes clamping members for sandwiching both ends of the top plate 11, respectively, and supporting anchoring structures for supporting the clamping members.
The clamping member comprises two steel bars 51 which clamp the end part of the top plate 11 in the middle, and the supporting and anchoring structure comprises supporting columns 52 which are respectively arranged at two ends of the steel bars 51, and steel bar fixing members which are arranged at the tops of the supporting columns 52 and used for fixing the steel bars 51.
The steel bar fixing piece comprises a lower fixing block 54 arranged at the top of the supporting column 52 and an upper fixing block 55 connected with the lower fixing block 54 through a bolt structure, and slots 56 for inserting the steel bar 51 are formed in the lower fixing block 54 and the upper fixing block 55.
The supporting column 52 is anchored on the base 3 through a bolt structure, and a bolt hole array for installing the supporting column 52 is arranged on the base 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the fatigue test device for a steel bridge deck test piece in this embodiment, the test piece 1 includes a top plate 11 and a half U-rib 12 connected to the top plate 11, and in combination with fig. 7, the test device includes a test piece supporting and anchoring structure 2, a force applying structure, and a base 3 for fixing the test piece supporting and anchoring structure 2 and the force applying structure, and in combination with fig. 7, the test piece supporting and anchoring structure 2 includes a supporting member 21 for respectively anchoring two ends of the supporting top plate 11, an elastic connecting member 22 for connecting the free ends of the half U-rib 12 and the supporting member 21, and the force applying structure includes a loading device 4 for applying a load to the test piece 1 and an elastic constraint structure 5 for applying a constraint force to two ends of the top plate 11.
As shown in fig. 3, the test piece supporting and anchoring structure 2 comprises supporting members 21 for respectively anchoring two ends of the supporting top plate 11, and elastic connecting members 22 for connecting the free ends of the half U-ribs 12 with the supporting members 21, wherein the supporting plate 210 is anchored on the base 3 through a bolt structure, and a third bolt hole 212 array for installing the supporting plate 210 is arranged on the base 3. One end of the elastic connecting piece 22 is clamped and connected with the free end of the half U-shaped rib 12, and the other end of the elastic connecting piece is fixed with the supporting piece 21 through a bolt structure. In the present invention, two support plates 210 are provided in a common manner, and the support plates 210 have a plate column shape.
As shown in fig. 4, the elastic restraining structure 5 includes a clamp member for sandwiching both ends of the top plate 11, and a support anchoring structure for supporting the clamp member, respectively. The clamping piece comprises two steel bars 51 which clamp the end part of the top plate 11 in the middle, the two steel bars 51 are arranged up and down in parallel, the supporting and anchoring structure comprises four supporting columns 52, two supporting columns 52 are in a group, a group of supporting columns 52 are respectively arranged at two ends of the corresponding top plate 11, the supporting columns 52 are respectively arranged at two ends of the steel bars 51 to support the steel bars, and steel bar fixing pieces for fixing the steel bars 51 are arranged at the tops of the supporting columns 52. The steel bar fixing piece comprises a lower fixing block 54 arranged at the top of the supporting column 52 and an upper fixing block 55 connected with the lower fixing block 54 through a bolt structure, and slots 56 for inserting the steel bar 51 are formed in the lower fixing block 54 and the upper fixing block 55. The bottom of each support column 52 is provided with a toe 53, said toe 53 being anchored to the base 3 by means of a bolt structure.
As shown in fig. 5, one end of the elastic connection member 22 includes a pair of angle steels 220 for clamping the free ends of the half U-ribs 12, and the other end includes i-steels 221 respectively connected to the angle steels 220 by a bolt structure. The supporting member 21 is vertically provided with a bolt hole array for anchoring and connecting the other end of the elastic connecting member 22.
As shown in fig. 1 and6, the support plate 210 is anchored to the base 3 by a bolt structure, and the base 3 is provided with a second row of bolt holes 32 for mounting the support plate 210. The support column 52 is anchored to the base 3 by a bolt structure, and the base 3 is provided with a first row of bolt holes 31 for mounting the support column 52.
The loading device 4 is a loading device such as a universal fatigue test-piece machine which can apply load to a test-piece in the prior art.
The invention has the advantages compared with the prior art that:
Firstly, the test piece that adopts half U rib and roof to constitute replaces traditional full-scale section test piece as fatigue test model, can reduce the size of test piece by a wide margin, reduces the requirement to test equipment and place, simultaneously can reduce test cost by a wide margin, and test operation is simple, and test efficiency promotes by a wide margin, carries out fatigue test research through developing a large amount of low-cost little test pieces that above-mentioned half U rib and roof constitute, can obtain the S-N curve that reflects roof and U rib welded joint fatigue property.
Secondly, the test device disclosed by the invention can be suitable for fatigue tests of test pieces with different specifications and sizes, is wide in application range, and is simple, light, safe and reliable in movement, positioning and installation of each part in the device.
Third, each part can be prefabricated independently, and the segmentation is assembled, has quick assembly type characteristic. Each plate can be replaced independently and reused, and the recycling and sustainable development of the plates are facilitated.
The test steps in practical application of the invention are as follows:
(1) And (3) prefabricating each part and the steel bar in the test device, and assembling each plate and the steel bar according to the bolt structure connection mode of the test device to form the test anchor.
(2) The test piece under study is sized and manufactured.
(3) After the test piece is produced, arranging test sensors such as strain gauges and the like in the concerned area according to the requirements.
(4) And erecting the test piece on the test anchor, and then adjusting the relative position of each plate according to the constraint condition of the test piece and accurately positioning the plate through the high-strength bolt.
(5) And determining a loading position, loading and testing data.
(6) And analyzing and testing the obtained test results.
The content of the present invention is described above. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these descriptions. Based on the foregoing, all other embodiments that may be obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The fatigue test device for the steel bridge deck test piece is characterized in that the test piece (1) comprises a top plate (11) and a half U-shaped rib (12) connected with the top plate (11), the test device comprises a test piece supporting and anchoring structure (2), a force application structure and a base (3) for fixing the test piece supporting and anchoring structure (2) and the force application structure, the test piece supporting and anchoring structure (2) comprises supporting pieces (21) for respectively anchoring two ends of the supporting top plate (11), elastic connecting pieces (22) for connecting the free ends of the half U-shaped rib (12) with the supporting pieces (21), and the force application structure comprises a loading device (4) for applying load to the test piece (1) and an elastic constraint structure (5) for applying constraint force to two ends of the top plate (11);
One end of the elastic connecting piece (22) is clamped and connected with the free end of the half U-shaped rib (12), and the other end of the elastic connecting piece is fixed with the supporting piece (21) through a bolt structure; one end of the elastic connecting piece (22) comprises a pair of angle steels (220) for clamping the free ends of the half U-shaped ribs (12), and the other end of the elastic connecting piece comprises I-steel (221) which are respectively connected with the angle steels (220) through a bolt structure;
the elastic constraint structure (5) comprises clamping pieces which respectively clamp the two ends of the top plate (11) in the middle and a supporting anchoring structure which supports the clamping pieces; the clamping piece comprises two steel bars (51) which clamp the end part of the top plate (11) in the middle, and the supporting and anchoring structure comprises supporting columns (52) which are respectively arranged at the two ends of the steel bars (51) and steel bar fixing pieces which are arranged at the tops of the supporting columns (52) and used for fixing the steel bars (51).
2. The fatigue testing device for steel deck test pieces according to claim 1, wherein the supporting member (21) comprises a supporting plate (210) and an anchoring clip (211), and the anchoring clip (211) anchors and clamps the end of the top plate (11) on top of the supporting plate (210).
3. The fatigue test device for steel bridge deck test pieces according to claim 2, wherein the support plate (210) is anchored to the base (3) by a bolt structure, and the base (3) is provided with a bolt hole array for mounting the support plate (210).
4. The fatigue testing device for steel bridge deck test pieces according to claim 1, wherein the supporting member (21) is vertically arranged with a bolt hole array for anchoring connection of the other end of the elastic connecting member (22).
5. The fatigue test device for the steel bridge deck test piece according to claim 1, wherein the steel bar fixing member comprises a lower fixing block (54) arranged at the top of the supporting column (52) and an upper fixing block (55) connected with the lower fixing block (54) through a bolt structure, and slots (56) for inserting the steel bar (51) are formed in the lower fixing block (54) and the upper fixing block (55).
6. The fatigue test device for steel bridge deck test pieces according to claim 1, wherein the supporting columns (52) are anchored to the base (3) by means of a bolt structure, and the base (3) is provided with a bolt hole array for installing the supporting columns (52).
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