A kind of preparation method of R-3- amino butanols
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of chemical synthesis, in particular it relates to a kind of chirality pharmaceutical intermediate compound R-3- amino fourths
The preparation method of alcohol.
Background technology
Optically active R-3- amino butanols are the key intermediates of many chiral drugs.Such as J.Org.Chem., 1977,
42:1650, report that it is the key intermediate of antitumor drug 4- methyl cyclophosamides;Teter.Lett.,1988,29:231,
Report that it can be derived as beta-lactam, so it is the important intermediate for synthesizing penems antibiotics;Drugs.Of the
Future 2012,37:697, report that it still builds anti-AIDS drug Dolutegravir and (is listed in the U.S. within 2013, quotient
Name of an article Tivicay) chiral hexatomic ring key intermediate.
The synthetic method of the compound is 1977 earliest, and Wojciech J.Stec are in J.Org.Chem., 1977,42:
1650-1652 reports obtain (R) -3- amino butanols by introducing chiral reagent, utilize phenyl ethylamine and ethyl crotonate before this
Addition carry out synthesizing chiral compound 3, but yield only has 33%;The amino alcohol protected followed by lithium aluminium hydride reduction,
It hydrogenates to obtain target product using palladium carbon.But this route yield is low, and uses the lithium aluminium hydride reduction for being difficult to industrial operation, institute
It is produced with being not suitable for amplification.
Then, Volkmar Wehner in 2003 et al. do above-mentioned route in United States Patent (USP) US2003/73723
2 points of improvement.First, chiral phenyl ethylamine to be changed to the derivative 7 of steric hindrance bigger, second is that ethyl crotonate is changed to steric hindrance bigger
Crotons tert-butyl acrylate 8.Purpose is intended to by increasing steric hindrance so that chirality increases when synthesis compound.While in order to increase
Selectivity carries out reaction at -78 DEG C, and utilizes lithium aluminium hydride reduction in final step reduction using expensive inflammable butyl lithium
Reducing agent is made with alchlor, for inflammable ether as solvent, these are all unfavorable for amplification production.
Because above-mentioned reaction final step is lithium aluminium hydride reduction, product is difficult to purify, so Ronald Albers
Et al. the sequence of the last two steps is had exchanged when patent WO2006/76595 is using above-mentioned route.Because will
The hydro-reduction of palladium dydroxide is placed on finally, readily available high-purity product.But the yield of the patent report first step is only 37%.
In order to overcome the route that Volkmar Wehner in 2003 et al. are reported in United States Patent (USP) US2003/73723 last
The shortcomings that one step, Japanese Scientists Wataru Kuriyama et al. have investigated novel ester group hydro-reduction catalyst Ru-
Complex, and successively it is reported in Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, 2010, Vol352 (1), 92-96 and U.S.
State patent US2010/63294.
Simultaneously in order to be easy to restore, the smaller methyl esters for being easy to reduction is selected, but the yield of its first step is still only
It is 33%, it is even more important that the catalyst will pass through multistep and synthesize, expensive, reach in the dosage of final step
0.2~0.5% molar ratio, is not suitable for industrialized production still.
The researcher of Japanese takasago also reports amino acid of its new catalyst Ru-Complex for protection simultaneously
The hydro-reduction of ester.Same problem, catalyst amount is larger, in addition catalyst itself is difficult to synthesize, heavy-metal residual is difficult to
Removal, it is difficult to realize industrialized production.
In the report of the synthetic method of (R) -3- amino butanols of early stage, also Tetrahedron Lett.1988,29
(2), 231 the synthetic method as shown in following reaction equations is reported:
The disadvantages of this method is that have expensive raw material price;Severe reaction conditions (- 70 DEG C);Reducing agent used in final step
LiAlH4 constitutes major hidden danger to safety in production;The optical purity of product is not high.Therefore there is no industrialization value.
In addition there are Celia Andres in 1992 in Tetrahedron Letter, 1992, Vol.33 (20), 2895-
2898 report the reaction of compound and acetaldehyde, but its selectivity is poor, and the ratio of two isomers of product is only 80:20,
The purpose of selectivity synthesis is not achieved.
Tetrahedron 2005,51:9031 report with another synthetic method shown in following reaction equations:
The synthesis of (the R) -3- amino butanols reported herein is intended only as the centre of synthesis of chiral dioxocyclam derivatives
Body directly carries out next step reaction without separating, therefore does not know its optical purity.However, only from order to increase carbochain
Using diazomethane from the point of view of this, be just not suitable for industrialized production because the use of diazomethane safety in production is constituted it is great
Hidden danger.
Chinese patent CN101417954A in 2012 discloses a kind of to be easier to implement industrialization shown in following reaction equations
Synthetic method:
The characteristics of this method, is that technics comparing is simple, is easier to industrialization production.Its shortcoming has two:First, chiral benzene
Ethamine is expensive;Second is that needing to split a pair of of epimer with solvent recrystallization, and meet to reach optical purity
It is required that product, need to repeat to crystallize multiple, yield be caused to reduce.
Recent Chinese patent CN104370755 (2015) disclose it is a kind of do not have to split be easier to industrialization with following anti-
Answer preparation method shown in formula:
For this method compared with existing method described above, maximum feature is raw materials used cheap and easy to get;Use difference
Catalyst of the rhodium-phosphine complex as asymmetric hydrogenation, high selectivity obtains 3 (R) or 3 (S) configuration intermediates, avoids
It splits;Synthetic route is short, and operating procedure is easy, therefore, it is easier to industrialization production.But deficiency is that the first step contracts
It closes and reacts low with final step carboxyl reduction reaction yield, the yield of this two step is only 55-61% and 47-54% respectively.
Then patent CN2015104444472 is improved the above method, replaces acetamide using benzamide, instead
90% or more yield is answered, the yield of first step reaction is improved, while first restoring carbonyl ester, then de- benzamide, two steps are anti-
The yield answered is respectively 96-98% and 85%, is also improved much than 47-54%.But it is disadvantageous in that the temperature of de- benzoyl
The problems such as degree is higher, and chiral ligand equally exists cost and difficult metal residual removal.
Separately there is patent CN2015104445583 as CN2015104444472, acetamide replaced using benzamide,
But still benzamide is first taken off, it is then esterified to obtain compound 45, then restored, yield 76-77%, because reduction is anti-
It is ester to answer substrate, and the yield (47-54%) for making reduction reaction substrate compared with acid in CN104370755 is higher, but its shortcoming
It is that the yield 76-77% of reduction reaction is still to be improved.
Last three patents be all made of transition metal chiral coordination compound as catalyst preparation chirality 3-R- aminobutyric acids or
Ester, then reduction prepare alcohol.Wherein reduction reaction is two phase reaction, and reaction temperature is higher (90-120 DEG C), and reaction speed is slow, and
Yield is relatively low (47-54%).
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned shortcomings many in the prior art, a kind of simple for process, cost is provided
It is cheap, it is environmental-friendly, it is easier to the preparation method for preparing R-3- amino butanols of industrialization production.
The first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of R-3- amino butanols, the method includes the steps:
(b) in the presence of reducing agent and lewis acid, N-Boc- (R) -3- aminobutyric acids are restored, to form N-
Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols;With
(c) under the conditions of acid flux material, removing Boc reactions occur for N-Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols, described in being formed
R-3- amino butanols:
In another preferred example, further include step before the step (b):
(a) in the presence of a polar solvent, R-3- aminobutyric acids react with dimethyl dicarbonate butyl ester, to form N-Boc-
(R) -3- aminobutyric acids,
In another preferred example, the ee values of R-3- aminobutyric acids are 99.9% in the step (a).
In another preferred example, the ee values of R-3- amino butanols are 99.9% in the step (c).
In another preferred example, the reducing agent is selected from the group:
Sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, or combinations thereof;Preferably, it is sodium borohydride.
In another preferred example, the molar ratio of the N-Boc- (R) -3- aminobutyric acids and reducing agent is 1:1-1:1.3.
In another preferred example, in the step (a), the molar ratio of R-3- aminobutyric acids and dimethyl dicarbonate butyl ester is 1:1-
1:1.5, it is preferable that be 1:1.
In another preferred example, in the step (a), the polar solvent is selected from the group:Methanol, ethyl alcohol, tetrahydrochysene furan
Mutter, water, or combinations thereof, it is preferable that be water.
In another preferred example, in the step (a), the reaction time is 2-6 hours.
In another preferred example, in the step (b), the lewis acid is selected from the group:Calcium chloride, zinc chloride, chlorine
Change aluminium, magnesium chloride, boron trifluoride acetonitrile, boron trifluoride ether, or combinations thereof, it is preferable that be boron trifluoride ether.
In another preferred example, in the step (b), the solvent used is selected from the group:Tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl tetrahydro furan
Mutter, glycol dimethyl ether, dioxane, toluene, or combinations thereof, it is preferable that be tetrahydrofuran.
In another preferred example, in the step (b), reduction reaction temperature is -20-0 DEG C, it is preferable that is -20 DEG C;
In another preferred example, yield >=95% of N-Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols.
In another preferred example, in the step (c), yield >=90% of R-3- amino butanols.
In another preferred example, in the step (c), the acid flux material is hydrochloric acid methanol, alcohol hydrochloric acid, isopropanol
Hydrochloric acid, dichloromethane trifluoracetic acid, trifluoracetic acid, preferably hydrochloric acid methanol.
In another preferred example, in the step (c), the molar ratio of N-Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols and hydrochloric acid is 1:1-
1:3, it is preferable that be 1:1.5.
In another preferred example, in the step (c), reaction temperature is 0-30 DEG C, it is preferable that is 25 DEG C.
In another preferred example, in the step (c), the reaction time is 6-20 hours.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of pharmaceutical intermediate, and the pharmaceutical intermediate includes or by with the present invention
The R-3- amino butanols that method described in first aspect is prepared.
It should be understood that within the scope of the present invention, above-mentioned each technical characteristic of the invention and have in below (eg embodiment)
It can be combined with each other between each technical characteristic of body description, to form a new or preferred technical solution.As space is limited, exist
This no longer tires out one by one states.
Specific implementation mode
The present inventor has unexpectedly discovered a kind of preparation side of R-3- amino butanols for the first time by depth studying extensively
Method.The preparation method of the present invention is reacted using dimethyl dicarbonate butyl ester with R-3- aminobutyric acids, to the amino of R-3- aminobutyric acids into
Row protection, then N-Boc- (R) -3- aminobutyric acids are reduced to by N-Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols using reduction method, with hydrochloric acid/first
Under the conditions of alcohol, Boc protections are sloughed, (R) -3- amino butanols are obtained.On this basis, the present invention is completed.
The R-3- amino butanol preparation methods of the present invention
The preparation method of a kind of R-3- amino butanols of the present invention, as shown in following reaction equations:
Reaction step is:
(1) R-3- aminobutyric acids and dimethyl dicarbonate butyl ester are made solvent with water, are protected to amino, obtain N-Boc-
(R) -3- aminobutyric acids;
(2) N-Boc- (R) -3- aminobutyric acids are reducing agent with sodium borohydride, and lewis acid is catalyst, and reduction obtains
N-Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols;
(3) N-Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols slough Boc protections, obtain (R) -3- amino under the conditions of hydrochloric acid/methanol
Butanol.
Content to further understand the present invention is described in detail below each step:
In reaction step (1) of the present invention, the molar ratio of R-3- aminobutyric acids, dimethyl dicarbonate butyl ester is usually 1:1-1:1.5;
Reaction solvent for use is water, reaction time 2-6 hour;
In reaction step (1) of the present invention, the molar ratio of R-3- aminobutyric acids and dimethyl dicarbonate butyl ester is usually 1:1-1:
1.5。
In reaction step (1) of the present invention, solvent for use includes (but being not limited to):Methanol, ethyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, water.
In reaction step (2) of the present invention, borohydride reduction agent includes (but being not limited to):Sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride,
Lithium borohydride.
In reaction step (2) of the present invention, the molar ratio of reaction substrate and boron hydride is usually 1:1-1:1.3.
In reaction step (2) of the present invention, reduction reaction temperature is -20-0 DEG C, preferably -20 DEG C;
In reaction step (2) of the present invention, reduction reaction solvent includes (but being not limited to):Tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl tetrahydro
Furans, glycol dimethyl ether, dioxane, toluene.
In reaction step (2) of the present invention, reduction reaction lewis acid includes (but being not limited to):Calcium chloride, zinc chloride, chlorine
Change aluminium, magnesium chloride, boron trifluoride acetonitrile, boron trifluoride ether.
In reaction step (3) of the present invention, N-Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols with methanol hydrochloride solution remove Boc, substrate with
The molar ratio of concentrated hydrochloric acid is 1:1-1:3, preferably 1:1.5
In reaction step (3) of the present invention, N-Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols methanol hydrochloride solution removes Boc, reaction temperature
Degree is 0-30 DEG C, preferably 25 DEG C.Reaction time is 6-20 hours.
Main advantages of the present invention
(1) (R) -3- amino butanol high incomes of this preparation method, compared with prior art, we are first by R-3- amino fourths
Acid carries out the Boc protections of amino, then is restored, and reduction reaction yield is up to 95%, relatively directly by (R) -3- aminobutyric acids also
Former yield (47-54%) is high, and (R)-Boc amino butanols after reduction are then taken off Boc again, and same yield is up to 90%, and
It is mild compared with the reaction condition (90-120 DEG C) of de- benzoyl.
(2) synthetic route of this preparation method is short, and operating procedure is easy, therefore, it is easier to industrialization production.
(3) raw material involved by this preparation method and related solvent purchase cost are low.
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than it limits the scope of the invention.In the following examples, the experimental methods for specific conditions are not specified, usually according to conventional strip
Part, or according to the normal condition proposed by manufacturer.Unless otherwise stated, otherwise percentage and number are calculated by weight.
Embodiment 1:The preparation of N-Boc- (R) -3- aminobutyric acids
Successively 103g R-3- aminobutyric acids, 105g sodium carbonate, 218g dimethyl dicarbonate butyl esters are added to equipped with 500mL water
Reaction bulb in, 25 DEG C are reacted 2-6 hour, 2N hydrochloric acid tune pH to 3-4 after the reaction was complete, product 500mL ethyl acetate extraction
Twice, it is spin-dried for get N-Boc- (R) -3- aminobutyric acids (I), white solid 190g, yield 93.5%, 98% (HPLC of content
Method).
H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.111 (1H, s, COOH), 6.725-6.744 (1H, d, J=7.6Hz,
NH),3.745-3.815(1H,m,CH),2.180-2.422(2H,m,CH2),1.368(9H,s,3CH3), 1.037 (3H, d, J=
6.4Hz,CH3);
Embodiment 2:The preparation of N-Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols
It takes 100g N-Boc- (R) -3- aminobutyric acids and 300mL tetrahydrofurans to put into reaction bulb, 20.6g is added portionwise
Sodium borohydride is cooled to -20 DEG C, slowly instills 100g boron trifluoride ether, it is whether complete that HPLC detects raw material reaction.It has reacted
Quan Hou is added methanol quenching reaction, is concentrated under reduced pressure and removes solvent, 500ml ethyl acetate is added, is filtered to remove solid, filtrate
100ml saturated sodium bicarbonates wash, and organic phase concentrates up to N-Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols, white solid, 88g, yield
95%, content 99.0% (HPLC methods).
H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) 6.585 (1H, d, J=8.4Hz, NH), 4.286-4.311 (1H, t, OH),
3.484-3.518(1H,m,CH),3.318-3.371(2H,m,CH2),1.379-1.519(2H,m,CH2),1.335(9H,s,
3CH3), 0.965 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz, CH3)
Embodiment 3:(R) preparation of -3- amino butanols
50g N-Boc- (R) -3- amino butanols are taken, are dissolved in 350mL concentrated hydrochloric acids/methanol system, it is small in 25 DEG C of reactions 6
When, GC detects raw material, and the reaction was complete, and 54g potassium carbonate is added, and stirs 1 hour, and product, nothing are evaporated under reduced pressure to after filter liquor concentration
Color liquid, 21g, yield 90%, purity 99%, ee values are constant.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ3.438-3.499(2H,m,CH2),2.842-2.889(1H,m,CH),
1.340-1.412 (2H, m, CH2), 0.952-0.968 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz, CH3).All references mentioned in the present invention is all
It is incorporated as referring in this application, as if each reference was individually incorporated by reference.In addition, it should also be understood that, readding
After the above-mentioned instruction content for having read the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes to the present invention, these
Equivalent form is also fallen within the scope of the appended claims of the present application.