CN1084241A - A kind of method and device that obtains anchored force - Google Patents
A kind of method and device that obtains anchored force Download PDFInfo
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- CN1084241A CN1084241A CN 92110784 CN92110784A CN1084241A CN 1084241 A CN1084241 A CN 1084241A CN 92110784 CN92110784 CN 92110784 CN 92110784 A CN92110784 A CN 92110784A CN 1084241 A CN1084241 A CN 1084241A
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Abstract
The method of the anchored force that the present invention relates to obtain to make object be fixed in ground and the device of this method of use.The characteristics of this method and apparatus are to utilize upper end closed, handtailor container that the lower end is open and ground form enclosure space, with vacuum pump this space is vacuumized then, the pressure reduction that makes this container top upper and lower surface form directed towards ground is made a concerted effort, and makes a concerted effort as the anchored force to wanted fixed object with this.Owing to can producing the anchorage effect identical with beating anchoring pile and accumulation load method, the present invention need not piling or carrying heavy goods preloading, therefore not only can save piling facility, expense or the spent manpower and materials of preloading carrying heavy goods, and the occasion that should not use applicable to the equipment of frequent transfer tasks field and piling or accumulation load method.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of acquisition make object be fixed in ground (general reference earth surface) power (abbreviation anchored force) method and for using the custom-designed device of this method.
In many occasions, people need be fixed in ground with equipment or utensil, so that these equipment or utensil can be stablized arrangement on ground, perhaps can apply active force above its deadweight to ground.The common practice is to play anchoring pile or the preloading counterweight is set.Just play anchoring pile, need the special equipment facility on the one hand, the expense costliness, thereby for the equipment utensil that needs often to shift, be not suitable for very much, on the other hand, for the ground of some specific conditions, as the soft ground, mud bank, sand ground, the bottom or the scleroid cement floor of surfacing etc. perhaps need to play very dark stake, perhaps are not suitable for piling.With regard to the preloading counterweight, general method is to pile to cut on equipment with steel ingot or concrete ingot to form counterweight, because steel ingot or concrete ingot own wt and volume are bigger, occasion for the big anchored force of needs, carry and load and unload above-mentioned weight and all will take large-scale carrying machines and tool, expend a large amount of manpowers, material resources and fund, and also operating efficiency is very low.Especially, for those equipment utensil such as pile press and the simple and crude abominable equipment utensil of those work-yard conditions such as military equipment or camp equipments that needs often to shift the place, its inadequacy is particularly outstanding.
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of new method that obtains anchored force, it neither needs to play anchoring pile, also need not carrying heavy goods and makes counterweight, and when not needing anchored force or transfer equipment, can easily remove anchored force, and easy to operate, can be applicable to multiple ground.
Another object of the present invention is that a kind of device that uses said method will be provided, and himself is in light weight, and easy installation and removal is operated during work easily, and can reuse.
First purpose of the present invention is to realize like this, be provided with on ground that upper end closed, the bottom made by sturdy material are open, the container of exhaust opening and air inlet port is arranged on the wall, lower end (openend) and ground sealing with this container, seal its air inlet port, this internal tank is bled by its exhaust opening with vacuum pump then, make wherein to form vacuum.
Second purpose of the present invention is to realize like this, make upper end closed with sturdy material, the container that the bottom is open, exhaust opening and air inlet port are set on its wall, on its air inlet port, stop valve is set, its exhaust opening is linked to each other with the extract opening of vacuum pump, connecting elements is set on container outer surface.
With the lower end (openend) and ground sealing of said vesse, and the stop valve of closing its air inlet port place, this moment, inner surface of container and ground constituted an enclosure space.Start vacuum pump, by the exhaust opening on the wall to bleeding in this space, make this space inner air pressure descend, and move closer to vacuum, thereby between this container top upper and lower surface, form atm difference, this pressure reduction directed towards ground of making a concerted effort, its effect is identical with the anchored force that forms by beating anchoring pile or preloading weight.If the section of container is enough big, then can on container, form enough big anchored force.To need the equipment of anchoring or utensil to be connected with linkage, just above-mentioned anchored force can be delivered on this equipment or the utensil with connecting elements on this container.
Remove anchored force or equipment, when utensil need shift, only need open the stop valve at container air inlet place when needs, air is entered in the container.At this moment, disappear owing to act on the atm difference of container top upper and lower surface, so anchored force is also removed thereupon.Therefore, only need container is applied the lifting force that equals or be slightly larger than its deadweight, just container can be mentioned by ground.
Because the sealing function to air is only born on ground among the present invention, and therefore not direct bearing load does not have specific (special) requirements to ground condition.Because said apparatus can form sealing equally with water-bed ground under water, therefore, the inventive method and device also can be applied to water-bed ground.With slightly different in atmosphere be when container top surface there is not in the entry, also will bear the hydraulic pressure that forms by the depth of water on it.
Because used container is to obtain the atm difference effect in order to form vacuum among the present invention, rather than conduct oneself with dignity with it and to produce anchored force, therefore can satisfy intensity, rigidity requirement, and can bear under the condition of enough anchoring pulling force, this container can be selected light weight.
Container among the present invention can be made of steel, also can make of other sturdy material.The container section can be circle, ellipse, rectangle or other shape.
This container also should have enough height, guaranteeing container inner wall and the enough big space of formation, ground, and makes it can hold the water that is made the water that ground oozes out by vacuum action or enter container when working under water.
On this container vacuum meter or vacuum transducer spare can also be set, to show the vacuum in the container.Vacuum pump control and regulation system also can be set among the present invention, utilize of the work of the detection signal of vacuum transducer spare, to guarantee the stable operation of whole work system by this system's control and regulation vacuum pump.
Among the present invention, air filter can be set, influence the operate as normal of vacuum pump to prevent ground dust in the front-end and back-end of container exhaust opening.If ground condition cleaning, or the permission of vacuum pump performance, then above-mentioned air filter can not established yet.
Between the exhaust opening of this container and vacuum pump extract opening, a stop valve can be set, when vacuum in the container reaches requirement and keeps stablizing, can close this stop valve, and vacuum pump is shut down.
Vacuum pump among the present invention can be the separate unit vacuum pump, also can be the vacuum pump unit that many vacuum pumps are formed.
The sealing on container lower end and ground among the present invention can be adopted mode in the soil is imbedded in this container bottom.In order to improve the reliability of sealing, can diaphragm seal be set in container lower end and ground engagement place.The part that the sealing film contacts with container perimeter is should be with the container wall bonding or compress, diaphragm seal can imbed underground away from the part of container edge or with the ground compacting.
The present invention adopts open container in lower end and ground formation enclosure space, this space is vacuumized and forms required anchored force at the top surface of this container by vacuum pump.Compare with beating the anchoring pile method, superiority of the present invention do not need to be heavy pile driving equipment and facility.And anchoring pile is disposable use stake, and is for often the cut to equipment of operation of needs, less economical; Moreover piling needs the longer activity duration, and operating efficiency is low, and the present invention not only can reuse but also be simple to operate.And can shift easily and quickly.Compare with accumulation load method, the present invention significantly alleviates on weight of equipment except that having above-mentioned advantage.If realize 100 tons anchored force, need adopt 25.5 on the steel ingot of 1000 * 1000 * 500mm, cumulative volume 12.75m with preloading counterweight method
3, as adopt unidimensional concrete ingot, and then needing 82, cumulative volume reaches 41m
3As adopt the present invention's (is example with the cylindrical steel container made), realize 100 tons of anchored force, need internal diameter φ 1400mm, high 500mm, wall thickness 20mm, 8 of the steel drums of top thickness 30mm, (establish barrel interior vacuum and can reach 85%), heavily about 5.8 tons altogether, together with connecting with girder steel and vacuum pump unit weight, about about 8 tons of a complete set of equipment gross weight.Compare with accumulation load method, weight reduces more than 90%, if transportation and field condition allow to adopt the more container of heavy in section size, then gross weight of equipment also can further reduce.This shows that the present invention has not only saved a large amount of preloading weights, and exempted these weights required a large amount of manpower and materials and the expense of carrying.
Above-mentioned advantage of the present invention for frequent plant such as the pile driver that needs the transition operation, all is extremely important for military equipment and field work facility.
Another outstanding advantage of the present invention is not only to can be used for the level ground, and can be used for the ground of various angles and position.Because no matter therefore the atmospheric pressure isotropism, be hillside fields or vertical walls, or even resemble the surface that a class is pushed up in the hole, as long as can form positiver sealing, just all can use the inventive method and device to obtain anchored force with the container among the present invention.These characteristics are that the anchoring pile method is difficult for realizing, and the preloading rule can't realize.
With in like manner last, the inventive method and device also can be applicable to the ground of various conditions, no matter are hard cement floors, and still soft mud bank or sand ground are as long as can constitute positiver sealing with said vesse, just can adopt the present invention equally.In addition, because water and air have similar character, so the inventive method and install and also can be applicable to water-bed ground.With the equal condition of above-mentioned condition under, the difficulty of piling work will increase considerably, even be out of use under some condition, and the preloading rule almost is out of use fully.
The present invention also has the advantage that can realize anchored force and anchor device execution control.In many occasions, because the people can only judge by rule of thumb that to the anchored force that anchoring pile produced therefore have bigger blindness: perhaps the safety allowance of anchoring pile is excessive, causes unnecessary economic loss; Perhaps can not in time definitely grasp the actual anchored force and the variation thereof of anchoring pile, thus the gross overload accident of causing.Because the present invention obtains anchored force by vacuum pump work, the size of this anchored force directly is associated with vacuum in the container.Therefore, the operator is by vacuum meter or vacuum transducer spare in the system, can accurately grasp the size and the situation of change thereof of the actual anchored force that obtains on the container at any time, can avoid applying anchored force so on the one hand unrealisticly, cause unnecessary economic loss, can realize accurate control on the other hand, stop the overload accident operation process.
The concrete structure of concrete working condition of the present invention and device is provided by following examples and accompanying drawing thereof.
Fig. 1 is that propose according to the present invention a kind of obtains the apparatus structure schematic diagram of anchored force and at the working condition schematic diagram of soft ground.
Fig. 2 is the working condition schematic diagram of said apparatus at level and smooth concrete surface.
Fig. 3 is that a kind of apparatus structure schematic diagram that obtains anchored force of the proposition according to the present invention reaches the working condition schematic diagram at water-bed mud ground.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, device embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 includes a upper end closed by welded steel plate, the bulk containers (3) that the lower end is open, on its wall, be provided with air inlet port (2) and exhaust pipe mouth (7), air inlet stop valve (1) and discharge line valve (8) are housed respectively on this two mouth of pipe, filter mantle (6) are housed, a connecting elements (4) and a vacuum meter that is communicated with internal tank (5) are housed at the top of this container in the import department of exhaust pipe mouth (7).
In embodiment illustrated in figures 1 and 2, because this device is applied to dry ground, the ground grit may influence the work of vacuum pump (10).Therefore, in this two embodiment, exhaust pipe mouth (7) passes through an air filter (1-3) by pipeline (9), or (2-3) is connected with the extract opening of vacuum pump (10), enters vacuum pump (10) to prevent grit.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, because be,, the bottom of container (3) has been imbedded in the soft ground (1-4) for improving sealing in soft ground work, simultaneously, around container (3) lower edge, laid plastic sheeting (1-1), to improve sealing as diaphragm seal.The part that film (1-1) contacts with container (3) is crushed under the root edge of this container, backfill (1-2) compacting of film (1-1) part that (1-4) stretches towards periphery on ground.
In embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, if can guarantee enough sealings after container (3) lower edge imbedded ground (1-4), so, diaphragm seal (1-1) can not established yet.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, because be to go up work at surface smoothing, scleroid concrete surface (2-4), ground can not be imbedded in the bottom of container (3).Therefore, for improving sealing, plastic sheeting (2-1) is bonded on the wall external surface of close device (3) bottom, and the part that this film (2-1) grows spread on the ground (2-4) around container (3) lower edge, heap sand (2-2) (also available backfill) on this film then is with film (2-1) and ground (2-4) compacting.
If in the above-described embodiments, without reaching enough vacuum in film (2-1) container (3), so, the sealing film can not established yet yet, and only gets final product at container (3) lower edge heap sand or soil (2-2).
When Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 embodiment work, earlier air inlet stop valve (1) is closed, and open discharge line valve (8), and starting vacuum pump (10) then, this pump is bled in to container (3) through exhaust pipe mouth (7) by pipeline (9) and air filter (1-3) or (2-3).Because the sealing of container (3) bottom and ground, thus vacuum pump (10) with the interior air extraction of container (3) after, its inside will form negative pressure, thereby form atm difference between the upper and lower surface at container (3) top.This pressure reduction compresses container (3) with joint efforts earthward, thereby can improve the sealing (forming self-sealing packing mechanism) between this container and ground.Along with the continuous firing of vacuum pump (10), the pressure reduction of following table increases gradually on container (3) top, and reaches stationary value, thereby makes this container be anchored in ground securely.
Can understand the inner vacuum of container (3) by vacuum meter (5).Because container (3) cross-sectional area is certain value, therefore certain vacuum directly corresponding certain anchored force.When vacuum meter (5) indication container (3) internal vacuum reaches requirement and keeps stablizing, just can will need the equipment or the utensil of anchoring to be connected with the connecting elements (4) at container (3) top and tensioning through linkage.At this moment, said apparatus enters normal operating conditions.
When said apparatus is worked, should note the reading of vacuum meter (5) constantly.If it is stable that reading continue to keep, but temporary close stop valve (8) then, and vacuum pump (10) is quit work.If the reading fluctuation then should make vacuum pump (10) continue start.If downward trend appears in reading, then should take immediate steps, prevent the generation of overload accident.Said process also can be provided with automatic control system, with the empty table of vacuum pressure sensor substitution list (5), utilizes sensor output signal to pass through the work of this system's control vacuum pump (10) and stop valve (8).
When work is finished; when needing transition or removing anchored force; only need vacuum pump (10) is shut down; and open air inlet port stop valve (1); make air enter container (3) inside; this moment, pressure reduction was zero, so anchored force dissolves by itself owing to the atmospheric pressure that acts on container (3) top upper and lower surface is identical.
Device in embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 and Fig. 1, Fig. 2 embodiment is basic identical, and what slightly have any different is that container among Fig. 3 embodiment (3) bottom has increased counterweight (3-1), overturning when preventing container (3) entry.Owing to do not have the grit problem in the present embodiment working environment, so do not establish air filter before the extract opening of vacuum pump (10).With Fig. 1, what Fig. 2 embodiment was different is also to be provided with a vent valve (3-4) on pump-line (9), and to have set up a pumping hole valve (3-5) before the extract opening of vacuum pump (10).
Container (3) is hung in the water surface (3-2) by suspension rod (3-3) before, close air inlet stop valve (1), vent valve (3-4) and pumping hole valve (3-5) are opened discharge line valve (8).Put into water gradually with suspension rod (3-3) container (3) of slinging, slowly open vent valve (3-4) simultaneously, the part air in the container (3) is discharged through outlet valve (3-4) by pipeline (9) lentamente.When the air capacity of discharging reaches certain value (deadweight of container (3) or, make container (3) can overcome the buoyancy that the interior air of container (3) makes progress and when making container be settled down to the bottom), close outlet valve (3-4) by the downward effect of suspension rod (3-3).After container (3) is sink to the bottom, can apply certain downward pressure to container (3) top by suspension rod (3-3), its root edge can be inserted in the water-bed ground (3-6) more deeply, open pumping hole valve (3-5) then, and start vacuum pump (10), by pipeline (9) bled in container (3) inside.Because container (3) root edge inserts in the water-bed ground (3-6), form hermetically-sealed construction, make the outside water of container (3) can not enter internal tank, so form negative pressure gradually in the container, form pressure differential in container (3) top upper and lower surface.This pressure reduction forces the container root edge further to insert in water-bed ground (3-6), sealing is strengthened, when the reading of vacuum meter (5) reach requirement and keep stable after, with suspension rod (3-3) with linked by the anchoring object, just can produce anchorage effect to this object.
Two embodiment are identical for other working condition embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 and front.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method that obtains anchored force, it is characterized in that being provided with on ground that upper end closed, the bottom made by sturdy material are open, the container (3) of exhaust opening (7) and air inlet port (2) is arranged on the wall, lower end (openend) and ground sealing with this container, and seal its air inlet port (2), with vacuum pump (10) by exhaust opening (7) to bleeding in this container, make wherein to form vacuum.
2,, it is characterized in that the sealing of container (3) lower end and ground can take this container lower end is imbedded the method on ground according to the method for the described acquisition anchored force of claim 1.
3, according to the method for claim 1 or 2 described acquisition anchored force, it is characterized in that being equipped with diaphragm seal at the joint on container (3) lower edge and ground, the part of sealing film and container (3) EDGE CONTACT is bonding or compress with this container wall, and diaphragm seal is embedded in underground or compacting away from the part of container edge.
4, a kind of device that obtains anchored force, it is characterized in that including upper end closed, open container (3) and the vacuum pump (10) in bottom made by sturdy material, on the wall of container (3), be provided with air inlet port (2) and exhaust opening (7), stop valve (1) is housed on air inlet port (2), exhaust opening (7) links to each other with the extract opening of its sky pump (10), and container (3) external surface is provided with connecting elements (4).
5,, it is characterized in that the front-end and back-end of the exhaust opening (7) of container (3) are provided with air filter according to the device of the described acquisition anchored force of claim (4).
6,, it is characterized in that the exhaust opening (7) of container (3) links to each other with pipeline (9) with the extract opening of vacuum pump (10), can have a vent valve (3-4) on pipeline (9) according to the device of claim 4 or 5 described acquisition anchored force.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92110784 CN1084241A (en) | 1992-09-16 | 1992-09-16 | A kind of method and device that obtains anchored force |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92110784 CN1084241A (en) | 1992-09-16 | 1992-09-16 | A kind of method and device that obtains anchored force |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1084241A true CN1084241A (en) | 1994-03-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92110784 Pending CN1084241A (en) | 1992-09-16 | 1992-09-16 | A kind of method and device that obtains anchored force |
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| CN (1) | CN1084241A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103557979A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-05 | 北京林业大学 | Portable root system anchoring force tester |
| CN108166515A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-15 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of waterpower self-stabilization type underwater construction cofferdam |
-
1992
- 1992-09-16 CN CN 92110784 patent/CN1084241A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103557979A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-05 | 北京林业大学 | Portable root system anchoring force tester |
| CN103557979B (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-07-15 | 北京林业大学 | Portable root system anchoring force tester |
| CN108166515A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-15 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of waterpower self-stabilization type underwater construction cofferdam |
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