CN108418201A - A master-slave control system for a DC microgrid energy storage device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种直流微电网储能装置主从控制系统，包括分布式电源、双向DC/DC变换器、储能装置和控制器系统，本发明对双向DC/DC变换器进行逆推滑模控制，使其根据采集到的母线电压自动进行模式选择：当母线电压过高时，控制其进入Buck充电模式，电流从母线侧流向储能装置侧为蓄电池充电，此时监测蓄电池SOC，当SOC达到SOCmax时，立即停止充电；当母线电压过低时，控制其进入Boost放电模式，电流从储能装置侧流向母线侧，蓄电池放电，监测SOC，当SOC小于SOCmin时，停止放电。以此保持母线电压的稳定以及微电网功率的平衡。
The invention discloses a master-slave control system for a DC micro-grid energy storage device, which includes a distributed power supply, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, an energy storage device and a controller system. The invention reversely pushes and slides the bidirectional DC/DC converter Mode control, so that it can automatically perform mode selection according to the collected bus voltage: when the bus voltage is too high, it is controlled to enter the Buck charging mode, and the current flows from the bus side to the energy storage device side to charge the battery. At this time, the battery SOC is monitored. When the SOC reaches SOC max , the charging is stopped immediately; when the bus voltage is too low, it is controlled to enter the Boost discharge mode, the current flows from the energy storage device side to the bus side, the battery is discharged, and the SOC is monitored. When the SOC is less than SOC min , the discharge is stopped. In this way, the stability of the bus voltage and the balance of the power of the microgrid are maintained.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种储能技术，具体是一种直流微电网储能装置主从控制系统。The invention relates to an energy storage technology, in particular to a master-slave control system for a DC microgrid energy storage device.
背景技术Background technique
随着经济的不断发展，国内各行各业对电力的需求也在不断增长，国家建设发电厂和输电线路的步伐日益加快。在过去数十年里公共大电网体现出来的优势使得其快速发展，成为电力供应的主要形式。然而随着电网规模的不断扩大，大型电网系统的一些弊端也日益凸显：（1）在传统电力工业的大型电网系统中，一旦某一节点发生故障，就有可能导致大范围的供电故障；（2）大电网系统无法及时响应负载的剧烈变化，当夏季出现用电高峰，用电负载突然激增时，容易出现供电不足的问题；（3）对于偏远山区，电网电力系统建设难度大，成本高，供电效益低下。此外，世界能源的主要来源于不可再生的自然资源，地球上的资源变得越来越紧缺，难以维系人类社会的长期发展。特别是世界范围内近几年接连发生几次大面积停电事故后，大型电网系统的脆弱性充分地暴露出来，突然断电造成的不仅仅是经济损失，还会危及社会的安全和稳定。因此，利用可再生能源进行发电的微电网进入了人们的视野。With the continuous development of the economy, the demand for electricity from all walks of life in the country is also increasing, and the country is accelerating the pace of building power plants and transmission lines. In the past few decades, the advantages of the public large power grid have led to its rapid development and become the main form of power supply. However, with the continuous expansion of the grid scale, some disadvantages of the large-scale power grid system are becoming increasingly prominent: (1) In the large-scale power grid system of the traditional power industry, once a node fails, it may cause a wide range of power supply failures; ( 2) The large power grid system cannot respond to drastic changes in load in a timely manner. When there is a peak power consumption in summer and the power load suddenly increases, the problem of insufficient power supply is likely to occur; (3) For remote mountainous areas, the construction of power grid power systems is difficult and costly , low power supply efficiency. In addition, the world's energy mainly comes from non-renewable natural resources, and the resources on the earth are becoming more and more scarce, making it difficult to maintain the long-term development of human society. Especially after several large-scale power outages occurred in the world in recent years, the vulnerability of large-scale power grid systems has been fully exposed. Sudden power outages not only cause economic losses, but also endanger social security and stability. Therefore, the micro-grid using renewable energy for power generation has entered people's field of vision.
微电网是规模较小的分散的独立系统，它将分布式电源、储能装置、负荷联系到一起，直接接在用户侧，可以看作是大电网中的一个可控单元。微电网可连接到大电网，实现并网运行，也可脱离大电网，实现孤岛运行，但都必须满足电能质量要求，保证供电安全和系统稳定。由于分布式电源的稳定性较差，因此，为微电网配置储能装置具有非常广阔的发展空间。Microgrid is a small-scale decentralized independent system, which connects distributed power sources, energy storage devices, and loads, and is directly connected to the user side. It can be regarded as a controllable unit in the large power grid. The microgrid can be connected to the large power grid to achieve grid-connected operation, or it can be separated from the large power grid to achieve island operation, but it must meet the power quality requirements to ensure power supply security and system stability. Due to the poor stability of distributed power sources, there is a very broad development space for configuring energy storage devices for microgrids.
储能装置在微电网并网运行时进行充电储能，在孤网运行时能够释放电能，为微电网提供稳定的电压支持，是微电网运行稳定、保证系统不间断供电的重要保障。微电网的储能装置中电池的数量多、容量大、充放电电流大，对信息采集的实时性和电池均衡要求较高，因此，设计电池管理系统，实时监测电池状态，是储能装置能够放电调整母线电压、维持整个微电网内功率平衡的基础。The energy storage device charges and stores energy when the microgrid is connected to the grid, and can release electric energy when the grid is isolated, providing stable voltage support for the microgrid, which is an important guarantee for the stable operation of the microgrid and the uninterrupted power supply of the system. The energy storage device of the microgrid has a large number of batteries, large capacity, and large charging and discharging current, which requires high real-time information collection and battery balancing. Therefore, designing a battery management system to monitor the battery status in real time is an energy storage device that can Discharge adjusts the bus voltage and maintains the basis of power balance in the entire microgrid.
由于储能装置和母线之间存在电压差，并且储能装置有充电、放电两种工作模式，所以在储能装置和母线之间加入电力电子接口是电能在储能装置和母线之间双向流动的必要前提。Since there is a voltage difference between the energy storage device and the busbar, and the energy storage device has two working modes of charging and discharging, adding a power electronic interface between the energy storage device and the busbar will allow the bidirectional flow of electric energy between the energy storage device and the busbar necessary prerequisite.
综上，在微电网中配置储能装置、设计电池管理系统、对储能装置以及母线之间的电力电子接口进行控制，可以有效地监测电池状态，使储能装置在母线电压偏高时充电、母线电压偏低时放电，对于微电网电能充分利用、快速抑制母线电压波动、保证微电网稳定运行具有重要现实意义。To sum up, configuring the energy storage device in the microgrid, designing the battery management system, and controlling the power electronic interface between the energy storage device and the bus can effectively monitor the battery status and enable the energy storage device to charge when the bus voltage is high. 1. Discharging when the bus voltage is low is of great practical significance for making full use of the microgrid's electric energy, quickly suppressing bus voltage fluctuations, and ensuring the stable operation of the microgrid.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种直流微电网储能装置主从控制系统，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a master-slave control system for a DC microgrid energy storage device, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种直流微电网储能装置主从控制系统，包括分布式电源、双向DC/DC变换器、储能装置和控制器系统，分布式电源通过直流母线分别连接负载、双向DC/DC变换器和控制系统，双向DC/DC变换器还连接储能装置，储能装置还连接控制系统，控制系统还连接双向DC/DC变换器。A master-slave control system for a DC microgrid energy storage device, including a distributed power supply, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, an energy storage device, and a controller system. The distributed power supply is connected to the load, the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the The control system, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is also connected to the energy storage device, the energy storage device is also connected to the control system, and the control system is also connected to the bidirectional DC/DC converter.
作为本发明的进一步技术方案：所述储能装置包括主控模块、电源模块、抗干扰模块、SOC估算模块、采集模块、LCD显示模块、通信模块和PC机，主控模块分别连接电源模块、抗干扰模块、SOC估算模块、采集模块、LCD显示模块和通信模块，通信模块还连接PC机。As a further technical solution of the present invention: the energy storage device includes a main control module, a power supply module, an anti-jamming module, an SOC estimation module, an acquisition module, an LCD display module, a communication module and a PC, and the main control module is respectively connected to the power supply module, An anti-interference module, an SOC estimation module, an acquisition module, an LCD display module and a communication module, and the communication module is also connected to a PC.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明对双向DC/DC变换器进行逆推滑模控制，使其根据采集到的母线电压自动进行模式选择：当母线电压过高时，控制其进入Buck充电模式，电流从母线侧流向储能装置侧为蓄电池充电，此时监测蓄电池SOC，当SOC达到SOCmax时，立即停止充电；当母线电压过低时，控制其进入Boost放电模式，电流从储能装置侧流向母线侧，蓄电池放电，监测SOC，当SOC小于SOCmin时，停止放电。以此保持母线电压的稳定以及微电网功率的平衡。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention performs reverse push sliding mode control on the bidirectional DC/DC converter, so that it can automatically perform mode selection according to the collected bus voltage: when the bus voltage is too high, Control it to enter the Buck charging mode, and the current flows from the bus side to the energy storage device side to charge the battery. At this time, the SOC of the battery is monitored. When the SOC reaches SOC max , the charging is stopped immediately; when the bus voltage is too low, it is controlled to enter the Boost discharge mode. , the current flows from the energy storage device side to the bus side, the battery is discharged, and the SOC is monitored. When the SOC is less than SOC min , the discharge is stopped. In this way, the stability of the bus voltage and the balance of the power of the microgrid are maintained.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为储能装置电池管理系统图。Figure 1 is a diagram of the battery management system of the energy storage device.
图2为储能装置电池管理系统整体结构图。Fig. 2 is the overall structure diagram of the battery management system of the energy storage device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
请参阅图1-2，一种直流微电网储能装置主从控制系统，包括分布式电源、双向DC/DC变换器、储能装置和控制器系统，分布式电源通过直流母线分别连接负载、双向DC/DC变换器和控制系统，双向DC/DC变换器还连接储能装置，储能装置还连接控制系统，控制系统还连接双向DC/DC变换器。Please refer to Figure 1-2, a master-slave control system for a DC microgrid energy storage device, including a distributed power supply, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, an energy storage device, and a controller system. The distributed power supply is connected to the load, The bidirectional DC/DC converter and the control system, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is also connected to the energy storage device, the energy storage device is also connected to the control system, and the control system is also connected to the bidirectional DC/DC converter.
储能装置包括主控模块、电源模块、抗干扰模块、SOC估算模块、采集模块、LCD显示模块、通信模块和PC机，主控模块分别连接电源模块、抗干扰模块、SOC估算模块、采集模块、LCD显示模块和通信模块，通信模块还连接PC机。The energy storage device includes a main control module, a power module, an anti-interference module, an SOC estimation module, an acquisition module, an LCD display module, a communication module, and a PC. The main control module is connected to the power module, anti-interference module, SOC estimation module, and acquisition module respectively. , LCD display module and communication module, and the communication module is also connected to the PC.
本发明的工作原理是：本文基于直流微电网，以蓄电池储能装置为研究对象，制定主从控制策略。首先对储能装置电池管理系统进行设计，实时采集电池的电流、电压、温度信息，对SOC进行估算；之后对连接母线以及储能装置的双向DC/DC变换器进行控制，根据母线电压以及储能装置SOC状态，通过控制电流的流向来保证母线电压稳定，微电网功率平衡，最后对整体系统进行建模仿真，验证控制的有效性。具体研究内容如下：The working principle of the present invention is: based on the DC microgrid, the research object is the battery energy storage device, and a master-slave control strategy is formulated. First, design the battery management system of the energy storage device, collect the current, voltage, and temperature information of the battery in real time, and estimate the SOC; The SOC state of the energy device can be controlled to ensure the stability of the bus voltage and the power balance of the microgrid by controlling the flow of the current. Finally, the modeling and simulation of the overall system is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the control. The specific research contents are as follows:
1.针对微电网运行环境复杂、电池数量多、充放电电流大、存在电磁干扰的特点，设计储能装置的电池管理系统，对蓄电池的电流、电压、温度以及母线电压进行实时采集。当母线电压不能满足负载需求时，储能装置要作为电源为负载提供电能，因此，利用核主元分析法计算储能装置的SOC，使储能装置充放电都在合理的范围内，防止过充过放现象，达到延长蓄电池使用寿命的目的，并为之后的控制策略提供依据。1. In view of the complex operating environment of the microgrid, the large number of batteries, the large charging and discharging current, and the presence of electromagnetic interference, the battery management system of the energy storage device is designed to collect the current, voltage, temperature and bus voltage of the battery in real time. When the bus voltage cannot meet the load demand, the energy storage device should be used as a power source to provide electric energy for the load. Therefore, the SOC of the energy storage device is calculated by using the nuclear principal component analysis method, so that the charge and discharge of the energy storage device are within a reasonable range and prevent overshooting. Overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon, to achieve the purpose of prolonging the service life of the battery, and provide a basis for the subsequent control strategy.
2.根据采集到的参数制定主从控制策略。以微电网中分布式电源为从控制，始终保持最大功率输出。而储能装置作为主控制，根据母线电压的变化情况，利用逆推滑模控制方法对双向DC/DC变换器进行模式选择，从而控制储能装置的充放电。2. Formulate a master-slave control strategy based on the collected parameters. With the distributed power in the microgrid as the slave control, the maximum power output is always maintained. The energy storage device is used as the main control. According to the change of the bus voltage, the reverse sliding mode control method is used to select the mode of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, so as to control the charging and discharging of the energy storage device.
在Matlab/simulink中建立整体系统的模型，模拟微电网母线电压的不同情况，观察控制效果。Establish the model of the overall system in Matlab/simulink, simulate different situations of the bus voltage of the microgrid, and observe the control effect.
1.储能装置电池管理系统研究：1. Research on battery management system of energy storage device:
本文针对微电网的特性，以蓄电池作为储能装置的储能元件，设计电池管理系统，实时性方面作为重点研究方向，并且将微电网运行环境的电磁信号干扰考虑在内，在设计电路时对干扰进行滤波处理。建立蓄电池SOC估算模型，利用核主元分析KPCA算法对SOC进行估算。电池管理系统整体结构如图2所示。In this paper, according to the characteristics of the micro-grid, the battery is used as the energy storage element of the energy storage device, and the battery management system is designed. The real-time aspect is the key research direction, and the electromagnetic signal interference of the micro-grid operating environment is considered. Interference is filtered. The battery SOC estimation model is established, and the SOC is estimated by using the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) algorithm. The overall structure of the battery management system is shown in Figure 2.
2.主从控制策略研究。2. Master-slave control strategy research.
根据采集到的参数对储能装置实施主从控制。无论母线电压是否满足负载的需求，微电网中的分布式电源作为从控制，始终保持最大功率输出。而储能装置作为主控制，根据母线电压状态，选择双向DC/DC的工作模式而对储能装置进行充放电控制，使母线电压浮动不超过±20%。Implement master-slave control on the energy storage device according to the collected parameters. Regardless of whether the bus voltage meets the demand of the load, the distributed power generation in the microgrid acts as a slave control and always maintains the maximum power output. The energy storage device is used as the main control. According to the state of the bus voltage, the bidirectional DC/DC working mode is selected to control the charge and discharge of the energy storage device, so that the bus voltage fluctuation does not exceed ±20%.
由于直流微电网的非线性特点，本文将逆推控制理论与滑模控制相结合，对双向DC/DC变换器进行逆推滑模控制，使其根据采集到的母线电压自动进行模式选择：当母线电压过高时，控制其进入Buck充电模式，电流从母线侧流向储能装置侧为蓄电池充电，此时监测蓄电池SOC，当SOC达到SOCmax（本文定为90%）时，立即停止充电；当母线电压过低时，控制其进入Boost放电模式，电流从储能装置侧流向母线侧，蓄电池放电，监测SOC，当SOC小于SOCmin（本文定为40%）时，停止放电。以此保持母线电压的稳定以及微电网功率的平衡。Due to the nonlinear characteristics of the DC microgrid, this paper combines the reverse push control theory with the sliding mode control, and performs reverse push sliding mode control on the bidirectional DC/DC converter, so that it can automatically select the mode according to the collected bus voltage: when When the bus voltage is too high, it is controlled to enter the Buck charging mode, and the current flows from the bus side to the energy storage device side to charge the battery. At this time, the SOC of the battery is monitored. When the SOC reaches SOCmax (set as 90% in this paper), the charging is stopped immediately; when When the bus voltage is too low, it is controlled to enter the Boost discharge mode, the current flows from the energy storage device side to the bus side, the battery is discharged, and the SOC is monitored. When the SOC is less than SOCmin (40% in this paper), the discharge is stopped. In this way, the stability of the bus voltage and the balance of the power of the microgrid are maintained.
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Accordingly, the embodiments should be regarded in all points of view as exemplary and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes within the meaning and range of equivalents of the elements are embraced in the present invention. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to implementation modes, not each implementation mode only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in the various embodiments can also be properly combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
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