CN108417818A - A kind of negative electrode of lithium ion battery based on silica-base material - Google Patents

A kind of negative electrode of lithium ion battery based on silica-base material Download PDF

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CN108417818A
CN108417818A CN201810123558.7A CN201810123558A CN108417818A CN 108417818 A CN108417818 A CN 108417818A CN 201810123558 A CN201810123558 A CN 201810123558A CN 108417818 A CN108417818 A CN 108417818A
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lithium ion
ion battery
negative electrode
weight
silica
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CN108417818B (en
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高翔
魏迪锋
罗英武
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621Binders
    • H01M4/622Binders being polymers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of negative electrode of lithium ion battery based on silica-base material, the battery cathode is using silicon carbide or silicon monoxide as the negative electrode slurry of active material, and use novel water-based block polymer, acrylic/styrene/methyl acrylate/styrene block type copolymer is as binder, the binder has high adhesive effect with silicon particle, and possess high elasticity, contribute to granule atomization failure caused by alleviating the enormousness variation that based particles occur in de-/process of intercalation, electrolyte imbibition rate can be improved simultaneously, accelerate lithium ion conduction rate, substantially increase the performance of the negative electrode of lithium ion battery based on silicon.

Description

A kind of negative electrode of lithium ion battery based on silica-base material
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of lithium ion battery based on silica-base material is negative Pole.
Background technology
It is because it compares why lithium battery can be widely used in the fields such as electric vehicle, portable electronic product at this stage Capacity is high, has extended cycle life, the advantages that self discharge is small.But, that there are still electric vehicle single charge mileages travelled at present is short, fills The problems such as electric overlong time, portable electronic products battery durable ability is insufficient, capacity attenuation is too fast, there is an urgent need to further increase Lithium battery specific capacity, specific power density, cycle life etc..
The electrode of lithium ion battery is mainly made of active material, conductive agent and binder.Because silicon carbide electrode is most Big specific capacity is up to 2500mAhg-1, the theoretical maximum specific capacity of silicon monoxide electrode is up to 1800mAhg-1, it is commercial 3 times or more of graphite material, so being considered as the most potential active material of next-generation lithium ion battery.But silicon substrate is electric Pole existing volume deformation during charge and discharge cycles makes its capacity attenuation rapid, and normal use is far not achieved in cycle performance Standard.
Kynoar (PVDF) is main binder to be used in lithium battery positive and negative anodes for a long time, it has good Electrochemistry, chemistry, thermal stability have higher mechanical strength, meet as the basic demand of binders for electrodes and are able to wide General use.But recent studies have found that PVDF viscoplasticity is poor, thus its dosage is (close to 10%) on the high side in the electrodes, and PVDF Conductive son itself leads that ion energy is poor, therefore increases the conduction resistance of electronics and ion in electrode.Also, its is poor viscous Knot property and elasticity be easy to cause active material and are detached from conductive agent during charge and discharge volume change, cause battery capacity too fast Decaying.In addition, dissolving PVDF is also needed to use and is more toxic and methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) that price is relatively high is as solvent.This Outer NMP drying processes slowly easily cause PVDF and are enriched in electrode surface, and interface resistance is caused to increase.
Invention content
For it is existing in the prior art only do lithium ion battery negative pole active materials with graphite when specific capacity it is low, Bu Nengyong Making the technical issues of high performance demands electrical appliance uses, the present invention proposes a kind of negative electrode of lithium ion battery based on silica-base material, The negative electrode of lithium ion battery uses novel binders to solve silicon substrate in silicon substrate lithium ion battery actual use charge and discharge process The problem of active material breakup failure that the volume expansion of grain is brought, keep the excellent properties of the negative electrode of lithium ion battery.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of negative electrode of lithium ion battery based on silica-base material, which is characterized in that the negative electrode of lithium ion battery is will to bear Pole slurry is coated on copper foil and is prepared, and between 50-300 microns, the formula of the negative electrode slurry is thickness:Silicon carbide Or silicon monoxide 60.0-96.0 parts by weight, conductive agent 1.0-20.0 parts by weight, binder 1.0-7.5 parts by weight, thickener 1.0- 7.5 parts by weight, decentralized medium 30.0-400.0 parts by weight;
The binder is acrylic/styrene/methyl acrylate/styrene block type copolymer.
Further, the specific capacity of the silicon carbide is 420-2500mAh/g, and the specific capacity of silicon monoxide is 460- 1800mAh/g。
Further, the block copolymer structure expression formula is R-AAn1-b-Stn2-b-MAn3-b-Stn4;Wherein, R For isopropyl acidic group, acetate, 2- itrile groups acetate or 2- glycine bases;AAn1In, AA is methacrylic acid monomer units or third Acrylic monomer unit, n1 are the average degree of polymerization of AA, n1=10-40;Stn2In, St is styrenic monomer units, and n2 is the flat of St Homopolymerization is right, n2=15-8000;MAn3In, MA is methyl acrylate units, and n3 is the average degree of polymerization of MA, n3=50-8000; Stn4In, St is styrenic monomer units, and n4 is the average degree of polymerization of St, n4=15-8000.
Further, the thickener is sodium carboxymethylcellulose or polyacrylic acid.
Further, the decentralized medium is deionized water or distilled water or pure water.
Further, the conductive agent is electrically conductive graphite, conductive black, Ketjen black, graphene, carbon nanotube or SP- Li。
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
The present invention is aoxidized using acrylic/styrene/methyl acrylate/styrene block copolymer as silicon carbide or one The binder of silicon electrode, the styrene hard section in copolymer block can be used as the physical crosslinking point of polymer, can keep polymerizeing The stability of object network structure.Polymethyl acrylate soft segment is capable of providing enough elasticity, can alleviate based particles significantly and fill Huge volume change during discharge cycles, final common raising battery performance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the carbonization silicon lithium ion battery cathode energy density test chart that embodiment 1 obtains;
Fig. 2 is the carbonization silicon lithium ion battery cathode energy density test chart that comparative example obtains;
Fig. 3 is the silicon monoxide negative electrode of lithium ion battery power density test chart that embodiment 2 obtains.
Specific implementation mode
Below according to attached drawing and the preferred embodiment detailed description present invention, the objects and effects of the present invention will become brighter In vain, below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that described herein specific Embodiment is only used to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The preparation method of acrylic/styrene/methyl acrylate/styrene block type copolymer in following embodiments is joined See patent 201610671015X.
Lithium ion battery anode slurry in the present invention is prepared by following processing technology:1. thickener is added water Magnetic agitation 30-120 minutes, conductive agent and silicon carbide or silicon monoxide particle are put into planetary high-energy ball mill and dry grind 30-120 minutes;2. by step, 1. resulting material is transferred to rotation-revolution blender, is added in blender by formula weight/power ratio Whole binders and 1/4-1/2 formula weight/power ratios decentralized medium, high-speed stirred 5-30 minute stirred de-bubble 2-10 and divided Clock;3. the decentralized medium that residue 3/4-1/2 is formulated weight/power ratio is added in step 2. obtained material, high-speed stirred 5-30 divides Clock has stirred de-bubble 1-5 minutes, obtains the lithium ion battery anode slurry.Magnetic agitation rotating speed is 20-100r/min, Rotational speed of ball-mill is 200-500r/min, and high-speed stirred speed is 1000-3000r/min, and de-bubble speed is 200-1200r/min.
Embodiment 1
Lithium ion battery anode slurry is coated on copper foil and prepares negative electrode of lithium ion battery, thickness is at 50 microns.Slurry In each parts by weight of raw materials be than formula:60 parts by weight of silicon carbide, 20 parts by weight of conductive agent, 7.5 parts by weight of binder, thickener 7.5 parts by weight, wherein, the specific capacity of silicon carbide is 2500mAh/g to 30 parts by weight of decentralized medium;Conductive agent is electrically conductive graphite KS6; Thickener is sodium carboxymethylcellulose;Binder is acrylic/styrene/methyl acrylate/styrene block type copolymer, embedding The structure of section copolymer is R-AA10-b-St15-b-MA8000-b-St15;Decentralized medium is deionized water.
The lithium ion battery anode slurry is prepared by following processing technology:1. thickener is added water magnetic agitation 120 minutes, conductive agent and silicon-carbide particle were put into planetary high-energy ball mill and carry out dry grinding 120 minutes;2. by step 1. gained Material is transferred to rotation-revolution blender, and whole binders and 1/2 formula proportion by formula weight/power ratio are added in blender The decentralized medium of amount, high-speed stirred 30 minutes, has stirred de-bubble 5 minutes;3. being added in step 2. obtained material remaining The decentralized medium of 1/2 formula weight/power ratio, high-speed stirred 20 minutes have stirred de-bubble 3 minutes, it is negative to obtain the lithium ion battery Pole slurry.Magnetic agitation rotating speed is 100r/min, and rotational speed of ball-mill 500r/min, high-speed stirred speed is 2500r/min, de-bubble Speed is 1000r/min.
The formula prepares high-energy density type negative electrode of lithium ion battery, using metal lithium sheet be used as to electrode and gained lithium from Sub- battery cathode prepares 2032 type button half-cells, and high-energy type cathode has 650mAh/ after the circle cycle of 0.1C charge and discharge 100 G energy densities, it is specific as shown in Figure 1.
Comparative example 1
Binder in embodiment 1 is replaced by acrylic/styrene/methyl acrylate/styrene block type copolymer For commercial binder styrene-butadiene latex, other components and proportioning are constant, to prepare commercial li-ion battery cathode, comparison of design example 1.
Lithium ion battery anode slurry is coated on copper foil and prepares negative electrode of lithium ion battery, thickness is at 50 microns.Slurry In each parts by weight of raw materials be than formula:60 parts by weight of silicon carbide, 20 parts by weight of conductive agent, 7.5 parts by weight of binder, thickener 7.5 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight of decentralized medium.The specific capacity of silicon carbide is 2500mAh/g;Conductive agent is electrically conductive graphite KS6;Thickening Agent is sodium carboxymethylcellulose;Binder is commercial binder styrene-butadiene latex;Decentralized medium is deionized water.
The lithium ion battery anode slurry is prepared by following processing technology:1. thickener is added water magnetic agitation 60 minutes, conductive agent and silicon-carbide particle were put into planetary high-energy ball mill and carry out dry grinding 60 minutes;2. by step 1. gains Material is transferred to rotation-revolution blender, and whole binders and 1/2 formula weight/power ratio by formula weight/power ratio are added in blender Decentralized medium, high-speed stirred 15 minutes stirred de-bubble 2 minutes;3. residue 1/2 is added in step 2. obtained material It is formulated the decentralized medium of weight/power ratio, high-speed stirred 10 minutes has stirred de-bubble 1 minute, obtained lithium ion battery anode slurry.Magnetic Power speed of agitator is 50r/min, and rotational speed of ball-mill 350r/min, high-speed stirred speed is 1500r/min, and de-bubble speed is 500r/min。
The formula prepares commercial li-ion battery cathode, is used as using metal lithium sheet negative to electrode and gained lithium ion battery Pole prepares 2032 type button half-cells, has 420mAh/g energy densities after the circle of charge and discharge 100 cycle under 0.1C multiplying powers, specifically As shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 2
Lithium ion battery anode slurry is coated on copper foil and prepares negative electrode of lithium ion battery, thickness is at 300 microns.Slurry In each parts by weight of raw materials be than formula:96 parts by weight of silicon monoxide, 1 parts by weight of conductive agent, 7.5 parts by weight of binder, thickener 1 Parts by weight, 400 parts by weight of decentralized medium.Silicon monoxide theoretical specific capacity is 1800mAh/g;Conductive agent is electrically conductive graphite SFG6; Thickener is polyacrylic acid;Binder is acrylic/styrene/methyl acrylate/styrene block type copolymer, block copolymerization The structure of object is R-AA40-b-St8000-b-MA15-b-St800;Decentralized medium is distilled water.
The lithium ion battery anode slurry is prepared by following processing technology:1. thickener is added water magnetic agitation 120 minutes, conductive agent and silicon monoxide were put into planetary high-energy ball mill and carry out dry grinding 120 minutes;2. by step 1. gains Material is transferred to rotation-revolution blender, and whole binders and 1/2 formula weight/power ratio by formula weight/power ratio are added in blender Decentralized medium, high-speed stirred 30 minutes stirred de-bubble 5 minutes;3. residue 1/2 is added in step 2. obtained material It is formulated the decentralized medium of weight/power ratio, high-speed stirred 20 minutes has stirred de-bubble 3 minutes, obtained lithium ion battery anode slurry.Magnetic Power speed of agitator is 100r/min, and rotational speed of ball-mill 500r/min, high-speed stirred speed is 2500r/min, and de-bubble speed is 1000r/min。
The formula prepares high power density type negative electrode of lithium ion battery, using metal lithium sheet be used as to electrode and gained lithium from Sub- battery cathode prepares 2032 type button half-cells, and obtain power cathode has 800mAh/g energy densities under 2C multiplying powers, tool Body is as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 3
Lithium ion battery anode slurry is coated on copper foil and prepares negative electrode of lithium ion battery, thickness is at 200 microns.Slurry In each parts by weight of raw materials be than formula:75 parts by weight of silicon monoxide, 10 parts by weight of conductive agent, 1 parts by weight of binder, thickener 5 Parts by weight, 200 parts by weight of decentralized medium.Silicon monoxide theoretical specific capacity is 460mAh/g;Conductive agent is Ketjen black EC-300J; Thickener is polyacrylic acid;Binder is acrylic/styrene/methyl acrylate/styrene block type copolymer, block copolymerization The structure of object is R-AA30-b-St15-b-MA500-b-St500;Decentralized medium is pure water.
The lithium ion battery anode slurry is prepared by following processing technology:1. thickener is added water magnetic agitation 120 minutes, conductive agent and silicon monoxide were put into planetary high-energy ball mill and carry out dry grinding 120 minutes;2. by step 1. gains Material is transferred to rotation-revolution blender, and whole binders and 1/2 formula weight/power ratio by formula weight/power ratio are added in blender Decentralized medium, high-speed stirred 30 minutes stirred de-bubble 5 minutes;3. residue 1/2 is added in step 2. obtained material It is formulated the decentralized medium of weight/power ratio, high-speed stirred 20 minutes has stirred de-bubble 3 minutes, obtained lithium ion battery anode slurry.Magnetic Power speed of agitator is 100r/min, and rotational speed of ball-mill 500r/min, high-speed stirred speed is 2500r/min, and de-bubble speed is 1000r/min。
The formula prepares high power density type negative electrode of lithium ion battery, using metal lithium sheet be used as to electrode and gained lithium from Sub- battery cathode prepares 2032 type button half-cells, and obtaining power cathode has under 0.1C multiplying powers after the circle of charge and discharge 100 cycle 440mAh/g energy densities.
Embodiment 4
Lithium ion battery anode slurry is coated on copper foil and prepares negative electrode of lithium ion battery, thickness is at 100 microns.Slurry In each parts by weight of raw materials be than formula:95 parts by weight of silicon carbide, 20 parts by weight of conductive agent, 7.5 parts by weight of binder, thickener 7.5 parts by weight, 400 parts by weight of decentralized medium.Silicon monoxide specific capacity is 420mAh/g;Conductive agent is SP-Li;Thickener is poly- Acrylic acid;Binder is acrylic/styrene/methyl acrylate/styrene block type copolymer, and the structure of block copolymer is R-AA20-b-St500-b-MA230-b-St1500;Decentralized medium is pure water.
The lithium ion battery anode slurry is prepared by following processing technology:1. thickener is added water magnetic agitation 120 minutes, conductive agent and silicon carbide were put into planetary high-energy ball mill and carry out dry grinding 120 minutes;2. by step 1. resulting material It is transferred to rotation-revolution blender, is added in blender and is formulated weight/power ratio by whole binders of formula weight/power ratio and 1/2 Decentralized medium, high-speed stirred 30 minutes, has stirred de-bubble 5 minutes;3. residue 1/2 is added in step 2. obtained material to match The decentralized medium of square weight/power ratio, high-speed stirred 20 minutes, has stirred de-bubble 3 minutes, has obtained lithium ion battery anode slurry.Magnetic force Speed of agitator is 100r/min, and rotational speed of ball-mill 500r/min, high-speed stirred speed is 2500r/min, and de-bubble speed is 1000r/min。
The formula prepares high-energy density type negative electrode of lithium ion battery, uses metal lithium sheet as to electrode and gained lithium ion Battery cathode prepares 2032 type button half-cells, and obtaining power cathode has under 0.1C multiplying powers after the circle of charge and discharge 100 cycle 400mAh/g energy densities.
It will appreciated by the skilled person that the foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of invention, it is not used to limit System invention, although invention is described in detail with reference to previous examples, for those skilled in the art, according to It can so modify to the technical solution of aforementioned each case history or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features. With within principle, modification, equivalent replacement for being made etc. should be included within the protection domain of invention all spirit in invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of negative electrode of lithium ion battery based on silica-base material, which is characterized in that the negative electrode of lithium ion battery is by cathode Slurry is coated on copper foil and is prepared, and between 50-300 microns, the formula of the negative electrode slurry is thickness:Silicon carbide or Silicon monoxide 60.0-96.0 parts by weight, conductive agent 1.0-20.0 parts by weight, binder 1.0-7.5 parts by weight, thickener 1.0- 7.5 parts by weight, decentralized medium 30.0-400.0 parts by weight;
The binder is acrylic/styrene/methyl acrylate/styrene block type copolymer.
2. the negative electrode of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 based on silica-base material, which is characterized in that the silicon carbide Specific capacity be 420-2500mAh/g, the specific capacity of silicon monoxide is 460-1800mAh/g.
3. the negative electrode of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2 based on silica-base material, which is characterized in that described is embedding Section copolymer structure expression formula is R-AAn1-b-Stn2-b-MAn3-b-Stn4;Wherein, R is isopropyl acidic group, acetate, 2- itrile group second Acidic group or 2- glycine bases;AAn1In, AA is methacrylic acid monomer units or acrylic monomer units, and n1 is being averaged for AA The degree of polymerization, n1=10-40;Stn2In, St is styrenic monomer units, and n2 is the average degree of polymerization of St, n2=15-8000;MAn3 In, MA is methyl acrylate units, and n3 is the average degree of polymerization of MA, n3=50-8000;Stn4In, St is styrene monomer list Member, n4 are the average degree of polymerization of St, n4=15-8000.
4. the negative electrode of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 based on silica-base material, which is characterized in that described Thickener is sodium carboxymethylcellulose or polyacrylic acid.
5. the negative electrode of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 based on silica-base material, which is characterized in that described Decentralized medium is deionized water or distilled water or pure water.
6. the negative electrode of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 based on silica-base material, which is characterized in that described Conductive agent is electrically conductive graphite, conductive black, Ketjen black, graphene, carbon nanotube or SP-Li.
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CN112531171A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-19 萝北瑞喆烯碳新材料有限公司 Graphene-coated silicon carbide negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN112625197A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-04-09 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 Multi-block binder and preparation method and application thereof
CN112786888A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-05-11 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 Binder, negative electrode slurry, negative electrode and lithium ion battery
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CN111430667A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-07-17 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 Negative electrode slurry, negative electrode plate, power battery and electric automobile
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CN112625197A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-04-09 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 Multi-block binder and preparation method and application thereof
CN112786888A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-05-11 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 Binder, negative electrode slurry, negative electrode and lithium ion battery
CN112920354A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-06-08 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 Block polymers and lithiation and methods of making and using the same
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