CN108417795A - A kind of preparation method of transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material Download PDF

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CN108417795A
CN108417795A CN201810124117.9A CN201810124117A CN108417795A CN 108417795 A CN108417795 A CN 108417795A CN 201810124117 A CN201810124117 A CN 201810124117A CN 108417795 A CN108417795 A CN 108417795A
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transition metal
carbodiimide
composite material
salt
mixture
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CN108417795B (en
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李嘉胤
郭鹏辉
王蓉
齐慧
苏江明
曹丽云
杨飞
席乔
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

Inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound are obtained mixture by a kind of preparation method of transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material after grinding, the quality of inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is 4 in mixture:1‑1:7;Under an argon atmosphere by mixture, 30 60min are kept the temperature in 100 170 DEG C, 1h 5h is then kept the temperature at 500 700 DEG C, obtain transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material.Transition metal material structure and nitrogen-doped carbon prepared by the present invention is compound, can be obviously improved electric conductivity and structural stability of the material in charge and discharge process.Transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material prepared by the present invention has high sodium ion storage performance, and charge/discharge capacity is high and high rate performance is splendid.

Description

A kind of preparation method of transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material
Technical field
The invention belongs to composite materials to synthesize field, and in particular to a kind of transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide is compound The preparation method of material.
Background technology
Since lithium ion battery has energy density high, service life is long, and advantages of environment protection, recent years become Research hotspot, and it is successfully realized commercialization.But lithium resource is relatively low in the reserves of the earth, expensive become continues Develop a bottleneck of lithium ion battery.Because there is an urgent need to find a kind of rich reserves, kin member usually replaces lithium Element.Sodium and the element that lithium is same main group, and sodium is higher in the reserves of the earth, and it is widely distributed.Therefore big in recent years The researcher of amount has put into a large amount of energy in the research of sodium-ion battery, and sodium-ion battery also achieves fast in recent years The development of speed.However, sodium element differs larger with the radius of elemental lithium, therefore volume expansion becomes restriction sodium-ion battery development A principal element.The oxide of iron have high power capacity, low cost, derive from a wealth of sources, it is nontoxic the advantages that, with existing graphite electricity Pole is compared, and theoretical capacity is only 372mAhg-1, has significant advantage.Transition metal nitride is because of its low and flat charge and discharge Potential plateau, high reversible response characteristic and capacity it is big the features such as, caused the extensive concern of scientific worker.Transition metal Nitride is a kind of negative material for causing extensive concern.Carbon material usually has good electric conductivity and structural stability, therefore It for other active materials frequently as one of composition of composite material through providing support.If can in the synthesis of FeN materials with carbon Synchronous material progress is compound, then is expected to solve the problems, such as set forth above.Therefore, how while synthesizing FeN materials formed with Its compound carbon material is an important research contents.Carbodiimide transition metal salt (MNCN, M are transition metal) is a kind of Anode material of lithium-ion battery with high charge-discharge capacity potentiality, however the material is extremely severe due to being synthetically prepared condition requirement It carves, it is more difficult to directly obtain the material, it is more difficult to obtain the composite construction of the material, thus significantly limit the application of the material. If can one step of inventive technique directly to construct high conductivity material compound with it, to improve its electric conductivity, and by surface cladding come Alleviate the volume expansion occurred when embedded sodium ion and abjection, is then expected to promote the material answering in battery electrode material field With.
Invention content
The present invention is complicated for transition metal in the prior art/transition metal carbodiimide composite material synthesis step, closes The problems such as higher at cost, it is therefore intended that propose a kind of preparation method of transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material, By carbon coating, it can effectively solve transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide volume expansion, while two kinds of materials are compounded in The reactivity for also improving battery is further improved, battery structure is made more to stablize, to improve the multiplying power of battery and follow Ring performance.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material, includes the following steps:
1) by inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound, mixture is obtained after grinding, it is inorganic in mixture The quality of transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is 4:1-1:7;
2) 30-60min under an argon atmosphere by mixture, is kept the temperature in 100-170 DEG C, 1h- is then kept the temperature at 500-700 DEG C 5h obtains transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material.
The present invention, which further improves, to be, inorganic transition metal salt is zinc salt, chromic salts, manganese salt or silver salt, wherein zinc salt For arbitrary two kinds in zinc oxalate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc sulfate, chromic salts is arbitrary in chromic acetate, chromic nitrate, chromium chloride Two kinds, manganese salt is arbitrary two kinds in manganese salicylate, manganese acetate, manganese oxalate, and silver salt is in silver formate, silver nitrate, silver acetate Arbitrary two kinds.
The present invention, which further improves, to be, carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is urea, melamine, dicyandiamide, cyanamide, carbon Diimine, cyanuric acid or trithiocyanuric acid.
The present invention, which further improves, to be, with the rate of 2-20 DEG C/min from room temperature to 100-170 DEG C.
The present invention, which further improves, to be, 500-700 is warming up to from 100-170 DEG C with the heating rate of 2-20 DEG C/min ℃。
The present invention, which further improves, to be, heat preservation carries out in tube furnace.
Compared with prior art, the device have the advantages that:
1) present invention is made using carbon containing nitrogen organic compound and transition metal organic acid, inorganic transition metal salt as raw material Standby transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material, the technology synthesis material is cheap, and preparation method is simple, can show Writing reduces the manufacturing cost of transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material in prior art.
2) the transition metal material structure prepared by the present invention and nitrogen-doped carbon are compound, can be obviously improved material in charge and discharge Electric conductivity in the process and structural stability.
3) there is transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material prepared by the present invention high sodium ion to store Performance, charge/discharge capacity is high and high rate performance is splendid.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the XRD diagram of product prepared by embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of product prepared by embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the transmission electron microscope picture of product prepared by embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is assembled into button cell for 1 resulting materials of embodiment and tests its anode material of lithium-ion battery performance map.
Fig. 5 is the XRD diagram of product prepared by embodiment 2.
Fig. 6 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of product prepared by embodiment 2.
Fig. 7 is the transmission electron microscope picture of product prepared by embodiment 2.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings..
1) take certain mass analytically pure inorganic transition metal salt (can be zinc salt, chromic salts, manganese salt or silver salt, wherein Zinc salt is arbitrary two kinds in zinc oxalate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc sulfate, and chromic salts is in chromic acetate, chromic nitrate, chromium chloride Arbitrary two kinds, manganese salt is arbitrary two kinds in manganese salicylate, manganese acetate, manganese oxalate, and silver salt is silver formate, silver nitrate, silver acetate In arbitrary two kinds), organic compound raw material (can be urea, melamine, dicyandiamide, cyanamide, carbodiimide, trimerization Cyanic acid, trithiocyanuric acid etc.), obtain mixture after mixed grinding in glass mortar, in mixture transition metal source with it is organic The quality of compound is than range from 4:1-1:7, which is denoted as A;
2) product A is placed in quartz or alumina crucible, and crucible is placed in tube furnace, under an argon atmosphere, with -2- The rate of 20 DEG C/min keeps the temperature 30-60min from room temperature to 100-170 DEG C, then proceedes to the heating of 2-20 DEG C/min Rate continues to keep being warming up to 500-700 DEG C, and keeps the temperature 1h-5h, and products therefrom is transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide Composite material.
Embodiment 1
1) analytically pure zinc oxalate, zinc sulfate and urea are fully ground in glass mortar and are formed uniformly mixture A, Wherein zinc oxalate and zinc sulfate are respectively 2.0g, urea 2.0g;
2) mixture A from mortar is transferred to silica crucible, and silica crucible is placed in tube furnace, in argon gas atmosphere Under, 170 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 25 DEG C/min, and keep the temperature 1.5h, then proceed to continue to keep with the heating rate of 2 DEG C/min 600 DEG C are warming up to, and keeps the temperature 1.5h, obtains product B.
Product B is analyzed using Rigaku D/max2000PCX- x ray diffractometer xs, the XRD of products therefrom is shown in attached drawing 1.It will The sample is observed under scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, as can be seen that shell-like structure, knot is presented in product from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 Structure surface has more polyhedral structure.The product of gained is prepared into button-shaped lithium ion battery, specific encapsulation step It is as follows:By activity powder, conductive agent (Super P), bonding agent (carboxyl methyl cellulose) is 8 according to mass ratio:1:1 proportioning After grinding uniformly, slurry is made, equably slurry is applied on copper foil with coating device, then in 80 DEG C of dryings of vacuum drying chamber 12h.Electrode slice is assembled into sodium ion half-cell later, constant current charge-discharge survey is carried out to battery using new prestige electrochemical workstation Resulting materials are assembled into button cell and test its anode material of lithium-ion battery by examination, test voltage 0.01V-3.0V Can, as shown in figure 4, battery presents the capacity of 700mAh/g under the current density of 100mA/g, under the current density of 5A/g The still capacity with 300mAh/g or more, it is seen that material has excellent high rate performance and charge/discharge capacity.
Embodiment 2
1) analytically pure chromic acetate, chromium chloride and melamine are fully ground in glass mortar and are formed uniformly mixing Object A, wherein chromic acetate 1g, chromium chloride 1g, melamine 2g;
2) mixture A from mortar is transferred to silica crucible, and silica crucible is placed in tube furnace, in argon gas atmosphere Under, 200 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 25 DEG C/min, and keep the temperature 10min, then proceed to the heating rate with 3 DEG C/min after continuation of insurance It holds and is warming up to 700 DEG C, and keep the temperature 1h, obtain product B.
Product B is analyzed using Rigaku D/max2000PCX- x ray diffractometer xs, the XRD of products therefrom is shown in attached drawing 5.It will The sample is observed under scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, it can be seen from figures 6 and 7 that the multi-panel of accumulation is presented in product Body structure and polyhedron are grown on the carbon shell structure surface of thin layer.
Embodiment 3
1) it by inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound, is fully ground uniformly, obtains in glass mortar Mixture, the quality of inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is 4 in mixture:1;Wherein, inorganic transition metal Salt is the mixture of silver formate and silver nitrate.Carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is melamine.
2) mixture is transferred to silica crucible from mortar, and silica crucible is placed in tube furnace, in argon gas atmosphere Under, 60min to 100 DEG C and is kept the temperature from room temperature with the rate of 2 DEG C/min, then proceedes to the heating rate liter with 2 DEG C/min Temperature is to 500 DEG C and keeps the temperature 5h, obtains transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material.
Embodiment 4
1) it by inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound, is fully ground uniformly, obtains in glass mortar Mixture, the quality of inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is 1 in mixture:7;Wherein, inorganic transition metal Salt is the mixture of chromic acetate and chromic nitrate.Carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is dicyandiamide.
2) mixture is transferred to silica crucible from mortar, and silica crucible is placed in tube furnace, in argon gas atmosphere Under, 50min to 120 DEG C and is kept the temperature from room temperature with the rate of 5 DEG C/min, then proceedes to the heating rate liter with 5 DEG C/min Temperature is to 700 DEG C and keeps the temperature 1h, obtains transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material.
Embodiment 5
1) it by inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound, is fully ground uniformly, obtains in glass mortar Mixture, the quality of inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is 2 in mixture:1;Wherein, inorganic transition metal Salt is the mixture of manganese salicylate and manganese oxalate.Carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is carbodiimide.
2) mixture is transferred to silica crucible from mortar, and silica crucible is placed in tube furnace, in argon gas atmosphere Under, 40min to 160 DEG C and is kept the temperature from room temperature with the rate of 8 DEG C/min, then proceedes to the heating rate liter with 13 DEG C/min Temperature is to 600 DEG C and keeps the temperature 3h, obtains transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material.
Embodiment 6
1) it by inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound, is fully ground uniformly, obtains in glass mortar Mixture, the quality of inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is 20 in mixture:7;Wherein, inorganic transition metal Salt is the mixture of zinc sulfate and zinc acetate.Carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is cyanuric acid.
2) mixture is transferred to silica crucible from mortar, and silica crucible is placed in tube furnace, in argon gas atmosphere Under, 40min to 150 DEG C and is kept the temperature from room temperature with the rate of 10 DEG C/min, is then proceeded to the heating rate of 17 DEG C/min It is warming up to 550 DEG C and keeps the temperature 4h, obtain transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material.
Embodiment 7
1) it by inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound, is fully ground uniformly, obtains in glass mortar Mixture, the quality of inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is 5 in mixture:7;Wherein, inorganic transition metal Salt is the mixture of manganese acetate and manganese oxalate.Carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is trithiocyanuric acid.
2) mixture is transferred to silica crucible from mortar, and silica crucible is placed in tube furnace, in argon gas atmosphere Under, 45min to 140 DEG C and is kept the temperature from room temperature with the rate of 15 DEG C/min, is then proceeded to the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min It is warming up to 650 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2h, obtain transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material.
Embodiment 8
1) it by inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound, is fully ground uniformly, obtains in glass mortar Mixture, the quality of inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is 24 in mixture:7;Wherein, inorganic transition metal Salt is the mixture of silver formate and silver acetate.Carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is cyanamide.
2) mixture is transferred to silica crucible from mortar, and silica crucible is placed in tube furnace, in argon gas atmosphere Under, 30min to 170 DEG C and is kept the temperature from room temperature with the rate of 20 DEG C/min, is then proceeded to the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min It is warming up to 700 DEG C and keeps the temperature 1h, obtain transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of preparation method of transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material, which is characterized in that including following step Suddenly:
1) by inorganic transition metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound, mixture is obtained after grinding, inorganic transition in mixture The quality of metal salt and carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is 4:1-1:7;
2) 30-60min under an argon atmosphere by mixture, is kept the temperature in 100-170 DEG C, 1h-5h is then kept the temperature at 500-700 DEG C, Obtain transition metal/transition metal carbodiimide composite material.
2. a kind of preparation method of transition metal according to claim 1/transition metal carbodiimide composite material, special Sign is, inorganic transition metal salt is zinc salt, chromic salts, manganese salt or silver salt, wherein zinc salt be zinc oxalate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, Arbitrary two kinds in zinc sulfate, chromic salts is arbitrary two kinds in chromic acetate, chromic nitrate, chromium chloride, and manganese salt is manganese salicylate, acetic acid Arbitrary two kinds in manganese, manganese oxalate, silver salt is arbitrary two kinds in silver formate, silver nitrate, silver acetate.
3. a kind of preparation method of transition metal according to claim 1/transition metal carbodiimide composite material, special Sign is that carbon containing nitrogen organic compound is urea, melamine, dicyandiamide, cyanamide, carbodiimide, cyanuric acid or three polysulfides Cyanic acid.
4. a kind of preparation method of transition metal according to claim 1/transition metal carbodiimide composite material, special Sign is, with the rate of 2-20 DEG C/min from room temperature to 100-170 DEG C.
5. a kind of preparation method of transition metal according to claim 1/transition metal carbodiimide composite material, special Sign is, 500-700 DEG C is warming up to from 100-170 DEG C with the heating rate of 2-20 DEG C/min.
6. a kind of preparation method of transition metal according to claim 1/transition metal carbodiimide composite material, special Sign is that heat preservation carries out in tube furnace.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109817935A (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-05-28 陕西科技大学 A kind of compound iron carbodiimide cell negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN111129456A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-05-08 西安工业大学 Co-doped FeNCN/C and preparation method and application thereof
CN113023785A (en) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-25 陕西科技大学 Iron-carbon diimine nano material based on dense growth of carbon cloth and preparation method and application thereof
CN113224303A (en) * 2021-05-08 2021-08-06 陕西科技大学 Preparation method of iron cyanamide material for realizing graphitized carbon coating by in-situ autocatalysis

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CN106587160A (en) * 2016-03-28 2017-04-26 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 Carbodiimide compound, and preparation method and applications thereof
CN106783236A (en) * 2017-02-20 2017-05-31 青岛科技大学 A kind of N doping graphitized carbon/transition metal oxide nano composite material and preparation method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104045116A (en) * 2014-06-12 2014-09-17 江苏大学 Preparation method of nano porous metal oxide/carbon lithium ion battery cathode material
EP3104437A1 (en) * 2015-06-10 2016-12-14 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Metal carbodiimides and metal cyanamides as electrode materials
CN106587160A (en) * 2016-03-28 2017-04-26 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 Carbodiimide compound, and preparation method and applications thereof
CN106783236A (en) * 2017-02-20 2017-05-31 青岛科技大学 A kind of N doping graphitized carbon/transition metal oxide nano composite material and preparation method thereof

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109817935A (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-05-28 陕西科技大学 A kind of compound iron carbodiimide cell negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN109817935B (en) * 2019-01-31 2021-10-29 陕西科技大学 Composite iron-carbon diimine battery negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN111129456A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-05-08 西安工业大学 Co-doped FeNCN/C and preparation method and application thereof
CN111129456B (en) * 2019-12-18 2022-06-24 西安工业大学 Co-doped FeNCN/C and preparation method and application thereof
CN113023785A (en) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-25 陕西科技大学 Iron-carbon diimine nano material based on dense growth of carbon cloth and preparation method and application thereof
CN113224303A (en) * 2021-05-08 2021-08-06 陕西科技大学 Preparation method of iron cyanamide material for realizing graphitized carbon coating by in-situ autocatalysis

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