CN108416137A - It is divided and the method for tracking in a kind of aircraft manufacturing convenient for simplifying expression standard component - Google Patents
It is divided and the method for tracking in a kind of aircraft manufacturing convenient for simplifying expression standard component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108416137A CN108416137A CN201810176039.7A CN201810176039A CN108416137A CN 108416137 A CN108416137 A CN 108416137A CN 201810176039 A CN201810176039 A CN 201810176039A CN 108416137 A CN108416137 A CN 108416137A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- standard component
- threedimensional model
- information
- straight line
- model file
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to aircraft digital manufacturing technology field, provides in a kind of aircraft manufacturing and divided and the method for tracking convenient for simplifying expression standard component, include mainly four steps：1) hierarchical structure of parameter set in threedimensional model, each linear position for positioning nail hole point are obtained；2) expression standard component will be simplified to instantiate, and calculates the position of each standard component；3) standard component of instantiation is divided in technological procedure with deflection type；4) threedimensional model is parsed, judges the change type of the standard component expressed by the model, and carry out tracing and positioning.The present invention realizes the instantiation management to simplifying expression standard component, efficiently solves simplified standard component and occurs the phenomenon that leakage is used or reused in use, the occurrence rate of such mistake in partition process is made to be reduced to zero；Improve the efficiency that change is implemented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aircraft digital manufacturing technology field, provide in a kind of aircraft manufacturing convenient for simplifying expression standard component
The method for dividing and tracking.
Background technology
The standard component needed in aircraft manufacturing is very more, if with single instance and matched these standard components in the design phase
There is the mode of solid threedimensional model to express, can make that aircraft threedimensional model is excessively huge, is not easy to the change of threedimensional model, deposits
It stores up, check.It needs to simplify in this case and expresses a part of standard component, conventional method is to indicate a nail using a line
The position of hole point, and mark the standard component used on the nail hole point.These information are stored using a threedimensional model file to use
These lines are carried out tissue typing by tree structure, then.It is meant that in straight line 1, straight line 2 as shown in Figure 1, dotted line collection 1 is expressed
Position is fitted with HBXXX1, HBXXX2 standard component.If there are symmetrical structures for these standard components simultaneously, need not be repeatedly above-mentioned
Work only need to record which threedimensional model file symmetrical structure this standard component is in threedimensional model file (anti-part).It is different
The tree structure of this simplified expression of demand undertissue can change, but expression mean it is roughly the same.
The above method the design phase solve due to standard component usage amount it is big caused by a series of problems, but in technique
Service stage but causes great trouble for.Each threedimensional model file for standard component includes a large amount of standard component,
These standard components need to be assigned in multiple technological procedures in actual use, due in file interrecord structure information and directly
Line position information and every straight line represent the installation site of multiple standard components, so can only record which has been used in technological procedure
The standard component and usage quantity of figure number.If the threedimensional model file changes, it cannot quickly position and this time change
The technological procedure of influence, need to be to using all technological procedures of the threedimensional model to investigate.If used in technological procedure
It is the anti-part in symmetrical member, then needing to refer to showing in symmetrical member, part is modified.In Aviation Industry, such threedimensional model text
Part change amount is huge, and the standard component in technological procedure and mark expressed in threedimensional model file are easily caused after a large amount of changes
Quasi- part goes to check this inconsistent phenomenon the phenomenon that in figure number or quantity not being inconsistent, and without effective mechanism, can only be manually
It goes to check and compare.
Invention content
The present invention, which is directed in current aerospace manufacturing industry, designs end largely using simplified expression standard component progress threedimensional model
Provide and caused by manufacture end complex management, heavy workload, inaccurate data the problems such as, propose a kind of convenient for simplifying expression standard
Part divides and the method for tracking.This method has the characteristics that efficient, the accurate height of data, area of computer aided degree are high.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：
It divides and the method for tracking, includes the following steps convenient for simplifying expression standard component in a kind of aircraft manufacturing：
The first step obtains the hierarchical structure of parameter set in threedimensional model, each linear position for positioning nail hole point
A) the relative position M of the threedimensional model file is obtainedd(pd, Td), wherein pdFor starting point, TdTo deflect matrix.It obtains
The threedimensional model file for simplifying expression standard component is taken, MBD information is read, judges whether threedimensional model file is symmetrical member, if
It is not to enter step b analytic structure information, if it is needs to continue to judge that this document is to show part or anti-part in symmetrical member, such as
Fruit is to show that part is then directly entered step b, then needs to obtain the threedimensional model file for showing part if it is anti-part and be marked, later
Enter step b.
B) read threedimensional model file in for the hierarchical structure of organizational standard part and figure number, the straight line of standard component
Title.
C) information of every straight line, including starting point, direction, length are read.
The information that above-mentioned steps obtain is kept in, is used for subsequent processing.
Second step will simplify expression standard component and instantiate, and calculates the position of each standard component
A) expression standard component will be simplified according to the hierarchical structure obtained in the first step to instantiate：
By straight line set L { l under the same level1, l2, l3..., ln, standard component set N { n1, n2,
n3..., nmCarry out cartesian product operation：
Set S is then the set of instantiation standard component.
B) for each standard component S in set SiPosition be straight line liThe position at place；If three dimensional file origin position
Set Md(pd, Td) be not origin in global position, then the global position for calculating standard component is needed, it only need to be two according to place straight line
Endpoint (pi1, pi2) calculate starting point and ending point position pi1′、pi2', wherein pij'=pij×Td+pd；If this document is symmetrical
The anti-part of part then also needs to calculate pij", it is pij' it is symmetric points about the plane of symmetry.
C) for each standard component example Si, according to road warp+straight line title+mark part of level where it, calculate and generate
Unique encodings ci, obtain the unique encodings set C { c of all examples under the threedimensional model file1, c2... cnAnd record ci
With siCorrespondence.
Database table is created, for major key, the information of set S to be stored in set C, storage content includes unique compiles
Code, instance number, figure number, routing information, location information.
Third walks, and parses for the first time, divides the standard component of instantiation in technological procedure with deflection type
For the standard component example S that is obtained in second step to technological procedure A { a1, a2, a3......anDeflection typeization point,
Create data base table recording siDivision relationship into A.The s that will be divided into S in AiMark has been divided in the database
Note, has the standard component of the label that cannot divide again, avoids repeating to divide.There is no the example of division mark to believe in inquiry database
Breath, can obtain unallocated standard component and be reminded, avoid neglected loading.
4th step parses threedimensional model, judges the change type of the standard component expressed by the model, and is tracked and determines
Position.
If provided again after the threedimensional model file amendment of same number, obtained after executing the first step and second step successively
Instantiate standard component set SaWith number set Ca, comparison set C and Ca：
If ci∈ C and ci∈Ca, then c is needediCorresponding s1, sa1Location information, it is fixed if position is different
Position s1Divided ax。
If ci∈ C andThen position ciCorresponding s1Divided ax。
IfAnd ci∈Ca, then execute third step and repartition.
Simplify expression standard component by what above-mentioned steps divided, not only may insure the accuracy of data, but also traceable
The whereabouts of standard component, quickly positioning change.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention realizes the instantiation management to simplifying expression standard component, effective to solve
There is the phenomenon that leakage is used or reused in use in simplified standard component of having determined, makes the appearance of such mistake in partition process
Rate is reduced to zero.The present invention, which is directed to, to be simplified the change of expression standard component and proposes the variation of standard component navigating to specific work
The method of skill regulation improves the efficiency that change is implemented.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the instantiation for simplifying expression standard component, deflection type division realization procedure chart.
Fig. 2 is the instantiation for simplifying expression standard component, division, change process.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, which is broadly divided into four steps, such as Fig. 2 institutes
Show：1) hierarchical structure of parameter set in threedimensional model, each linear position for positioning nail hole point are obtained；2) expression standard will be simplified
Part is instantiated, and calculates the position of each standard component；3) standard component of instantiation is divided in technological procedure with deflection type；4)
Threedimensional model is parsed, judges the change type of the standard component expressed by the model, and carry out tracing and positioning.In conjunction with data
Processing mode illustrates：
The step 1) is carried out secondary development and is read in threedimensional model file by the interface of the offer of Three-dimensional Design Software
Data：
A) the relative position M of the threedimensional model filed(pd, Td), wherein pdFor starting point, Td is deflection matrix.Obtain letter
Change the threedimensional model file of expression standard component, reads MBD information, judge whether threedimensional model file is symmetrical member, if not
Enter step b, if it is need to continue to judge that this document is to show part or anti-part in symmetrical member, if it is show part then directly into
Enter step b, then need to obtain the threedimensional model file for showing part if it is anti-part and be marked, enters step b later.
B) read threedimensional model file in for the hierarchical structure of organizational standard part and figure number, the straight line of standard component
Title.
C) information for reading every straight line includes starting point, direction, length.
The information that above-mentioned steps obtain is kept in, is used for subsequent processing.
The step 2) will simplify expression standard component according to the hierarchy information obtained in step 1) and instantiate：
By the straight line set L { l under the same level1, l2, l3..., ln, standard component set N { n1, n2,
n3..., nmCarry out cartesian product operation：
Set S is then the set of instantiation standard component.
For each standard component S in set SiPosition be straight line liPosition, if three dimensional file origin position Md
(pd, Td) be not origin in global position, then the global position for calculating standard component is needed, it only need to be according to two endpoints of place straight line
(pi1, pi2) calculate starting point and ending point position pi1′、pi2', wherein pij'=pij×Td+pd；If this document is symmetrical member
Anti- part then also needs to calculate pij", it is pij' the symmetric points about the plane of symmetry.
For each standard component example si, unique to calculate according to road warp+straight line title+mark part of level where it
Coding.Such as the number of the part HBXXX1.1 installed on the marked nail hole points of straight line .1 under Fig. 1 dotted line collection .1 is according to " XX tri-
Dimension module file dotted line collection .1 straight line .1 HBXXX1.1 " carry out MD5 codes calculating, generate the unique encodings c of fixed lengthi, obtain
The unique encodings set C { c of all examples under the threedimensional model file1, c2... cnAnd record ciWith siCorrespondence.
Database table is created, for major key, the information of set S to be stored in set C, storage content includes unique compiles
Number, instance number, figure number, routing information, location information.
The step 3) is for the standard component example S that obtains in step 2) to technological procedure A { a1, a2, a3......anDisappear
Consumption formulaization point creates data base table recording siDivision relationship into A.The s that will be divided into S in AiIn the database into
Capable division mark, has the standard component of the label that cannot divide again, avoids repeating to divide.It inquires in database without dividing mark
The example information of note can obtain unallocated standard component and be reminded, avoid neglected loading.
The part of divided mistake can be used in S ' records S；S ＂=S-S ' records can be used and technologist is reminded not make
Standard component, anti-leak-stopping point.And for siThe standard component of ∈ S ' cannot be divided into A again, avoid repeating to divide.
Handled again after the step 4) the threedimensional model file amendment, successively execute step 1), 2) after instantiated
Standard component set SaWith number set Ca, compare set C, Ca：
If ci∈ C and ci∈Ca, then c is needediCorresponding s1, sa1Location information, in data if position is the same
C is marked in libraryi∈CaTo have divided, s is positioned if position is different1Divided ax。
If ci∈ C andThen position ciCorresponding s1Divided ax。
IfAnd ci∈Ca, then follow the steps and 3) repartition.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for dividing and tracking convenient for simplified expression standard component in aircraft manufacturing, it is characterised in that following steps：
The first step obtains the hierarchical structure of parameter set in threedimensional model, each linear position for positioning nail hole point
A) the relative position M of the threedimensional model file is obtainedd(pd, Td), wherein pdFor starting point, TdTo deflect matrix；Obtain letter
Change the threedimensional model file of expression standard component, reads MBD information, judge whether threedimensional model file is symmetrical member, if not
B analytic structure information is entered step, if it is needs to continue to judge that this document is to show part or anti-part in symmetrical member, if it is
Show that part is then directly entered step b, then need to obtain the threedimensional model file for showing part if it is anti-part and be marked, enters later
Step b；
B) read threedimensional model file in for the hierarchical structure of organizational standard part and figure number, the name of straight line of standard component
Claim；
C) information of every straight line, including starting point, direction, length are read；
The information that above-mentioned steps obtain is kept in, is used for subsequent processing；
Second step will simplify expression standard component and instantiate, and calculates the position of each standard component
A) expression standard component will be simplified according to the hierarchical structure obtained in the first step to instantiate：
By straight line set L { l under the same level1, l2, l3..., ln, standard component set N { n1, n2, n3..., nm}
Carry out cartesian product operation：
Set S is the set for instantiating standard component；
B) for each standard component S in set SiPosition be straight line liThe position at place；If three dimensional file origin position Md
(pd, Td) be not origin in global position, then the global position for calculating standard component is needed, it only need to be according to two endpoints of place straight line
(pi1, pi2) calculate starting point and ending point position pi1′、pi2′, wherein pij′=pij×Td+pd；If this document is symmetrical member
Anti- part then also needs to calculate pij″, it is pij′It is the symmetric points about the plane of symmetry；
C) for each standard component example Si, according to road warp+straight line title+mark part of level where it, calculate and generate unique compile
Code ci, obtain the unique encodings set C { c of all examples under the threedimensional model file1, c2... cnAnd record ciWith si's
Correspondence；
Database table is created, for major key, the information of set S to be stored in set C, storage content includes unique encodings, reality
Example number, figure number, routing information, location information；
Third walks, and parses for the first time, divides the standard component of instantiation in technological procedure with deflection type
For the standard component example S that is obtained in second step to technological procedure A { a1, a2, a3......anDeflection typeization point, create number
S is recorded according to library tableiDivision relationship into A；The s that will be divided into S in AiDivision mark is carried out in the database, is had
The standard component of the label cannot divide again, avoid repeating to divide；There is no the example information of division mark, energy in inquiry database
It accesses unallocated standard component and is reminded, avoid neglected loading；
4th step parses threedimensional model, judges the change type of the standard component expressed by the model, and carry out tracing and positioning；
If provided again after the threedimensional model file amendment of same number, example is obtained after executing the first step and second step successively
Change standard component set SaWith number set Ca, comparison set C and Ca：
If ci∈ C and ci∈Ca, then c is needediCorresponding s1, sa1Location information position s if position is different1Quilt
The a of divisionx；
If ci∈ C andThen position ciCorresponding s1Divided ax；
IfAnd ci∈Ca, then execute third step and repartition.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810176039.7A CN108416137B (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2018-03-02 | Method for conveniently dividing and tracking simplified expression standard part in aircraft manufacturing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810176039.7A CN108416137B (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2018-03-02 | Method for conveniently dividing and tracking simplified expression standard part in aircraft manufacturing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108416137A true CN108416137A (en) | 2018-08-17 |
| CN108416137B CN108416137B (en) | 2021-10-01 |
Family
ID=63129609
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810176039.7A Active CN108416137B (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2018-03-02 | Method for conveniently dividing and tracking simplified expression standard part in aircraft manufacturing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108416137B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109214086A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-15 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | A method of product structure and model consistency derived from verifying VPM |
| CN111143480A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-05-12 | 李�荣 | Method for conveniently dividing and tracking simplified expression standard part in aircraft manufacturing |
| CN111368368A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-07-03 | 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 | Method and device for constructing ship piping component library, storage medium and terminal |
| CN116976208A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-31 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Aviation fastener dividing method based on machine learning |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080111813A1 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-15 | Gatzke Timothy D | Method and apparatus for placing fasteners in a model-based definition |
| CN101738983A (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2010-06-16 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Airplane complex construction member numerical control processing tool standard locator automatically selecting method |
| CN101989263A (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-03-23 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Method for realizing automatic data reconfiguration between isomeric systems |
| CN102324072A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-01-18 | 西安易博软件有限责任公司 | Full three-dimensional digital knowledge base system and application method of knowledge base |
| CN103745071A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-04-23 | 北京数码大方科技股份有限公司 | Data processing method and device for labeled product manufacturing information |
| CN103996218A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-08-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | Method for establishing flexible three-dimensional part model database |
| CN106426189A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2017-02-22 | 福建工程学院 | Automatic deviation correcting method for workpiece clamping of grinding and polishing robot |
-
2018
- 2018-03-02 CN CN201810176039.7A patent/CN108416137B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080111813A1 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-15 | Gatzke Timothy D | Method and apparatus for placing fasteners in a model-based definition |
| CN101989263A (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-03-23 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Method for realizing automatic data reconfiguration between isomeric systems |
| CN101738983A (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2010-06-16 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Airplane complex construction member numerical control processing tool standard locator automatically selecting method |
| CN102324072A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-01-18 | 西安易博软件有限责任公司 | Full three-dimensional digital knowledge base system and application method of knowledge base |
| CN103745071A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-04-23 | 北京数码大方科技股份有限公司 | Data processing method and device for labeled product manufacturing information |
| CN103996218A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-08-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | Method for establishing flexible three-dimensional part model database |
| CN106426189A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2017-02-22 | 福建工程学院 | Automatic deviation correcting method for workpiece clamping of grinding and polishing robot |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| VISWANATHAN KRISHNAN .ETC: ""A Model-Based Framework to Overlap Product Development Activities"", 《MANAGEMENT SCIENCE》 * |
| 亢颖等: ""飞机数字化装配数据集成管理研究"", 《航空制造技术》 * |
| 郭洪杰等: ""以模型为核心的飞机智能化装配工艺设计"", 《航空制造技术》 * |
| 韩志仁等: ""基于MBD的标准件信息快速获取及标注方法研究"", 《沈阳航空航天大学学报》 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109214086A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-15 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | A method of product structure and model consistency derived from verifying VPM |
| CN109214086B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2023-05-05 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Method for verifying consistency of product structure and model derived from VPM |
| CN111143480A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-05-12 | 李�荣 | Method for conveniently dividing and tracking simplified expression standard part in aircraft manufacturing |
| CN111368368A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-07-03 | 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 | Method and device for constructing ship piping component library, storage medium and terminal |
| CN111368368B (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2023-02-17 | 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 | Method and device for constructing ship piping component library, storage medium and terminal |
| CN116976208A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-31 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Aviation fastener dividing method based on machine learning |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108416137B (en) | 2021-10-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108416137A (en) | It is divided and the method for tracking in a kind of aircraft manufacturing convenient for simplifying expression standard component | |
| US7571182B1 (en) | Emulation of a balanced hierarchy from a nonbalanced hierarchy | |
| Poess et al. | TPC-DI: the first industry benchmark for data integration | |
| JP5342087B2 (en) | Computer system and data management method | |
| CN102426582B (en) | Data manipulation management devices and data manipulation management method | |
| CN101887365B (en) | Method and system for constructing executable code for component-based applications | |
| CN102541521B (en) | Automatic operating instruction generating device based on structured query language and method | |
| CN101901265B (en) | Objectification management system of virtual test data | |
| CN110517357B (en) | Three-dimensional graphics annotation with semantic attributes | |
| CN101506804A (en) | Methods and apparatus for maintaining consistency during analysis of large data sets | |
| CN104778540A (en) | BOM (bill of material) management method and management system for building material equipment manufacturing | |
| CN103430144A (en) | Data source analytics | |
| CN102918530A (en) | Data mart automation | |
| CN104102677A (en) | Method and device for updating data of electronic map and server | |
| CN107203468A (en) | A kind of software version evolution comparative analysis method based on AST | |
| CN104715032A (en) | Mapping system and method of Chinese and English table name and field name of report system | |
| CN104508662A (en) | System and method for the classification of storage | |
| CN109857822A (en) | Meta-model conversion method and management system based on chart database | |
| CN111190814B (en) | Method and device for generating software test case, storage medium and terminal | |
| EP2343658A1 (en) | Federation as a process | |
| CN107291938A (en) | Order Query System and method | |
| Scherbaum et al. | Spline: Spark lineage, not only for the banking industry | |
| CN103309888A (en) | Method and device for verifying data of electronic map | |
| CN114817226A (en) | Government data processing method and device | |
| CN103345485A (en) | Method and system for automatic generation of mainframe platform dynamic reports |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |