CN108415109B - Optical retroreflector and reflector array - Google Patents
Optical retroreflector and reflector array Download PDFInfo
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- CN108415109B CN108415109B CN201810089252.4A CN201810089252A CN108415109B CN 108415109 B CN108415109 B CN 108415109B CN 201810089252 A CN201810089252 A CN 201810089252A CN 108415109 B CN108415109 B CN 108415109B
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
- G02B5/122—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
Abstract
The invention discloses an optical retroreflector and a reflector array, which are composed of anisotropic media, and the shapes of the anisotropic media can be adjusted according to requirements. The anisotropic medium used has a main axis direction along which the permittivity and permeability are very large, while the permittivity and permeability in the direction perpendicular to the main axis tend to be zero. The entrance and exit faces of the device are both planar and are connected by this highly anisotropic medium with a major axis direction. As long as the point distribution on the incident surface and the emergent surface meets the reversal relation of 180 degrees, the device can realize the effect of an optical retroreflector, namely, light waves incident on the device at a certain angle are reflected back in the original opposite direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to an optical retroreflector.
Background
Retro-reflection (retro-reflection) refers to the phenomenon in which reflected light travels in a direction exactly opposite to that of the incident light. The optical retroreflector has important application in various fields such as optical measurement, warning signs, road traffic safety products (such as reflective films for manufacturing traffic signs), personal traffic safety products (such as reflective vests worn by traffic polices, cleaning workers and the like) and the like. The traditional optical retroreflector is mainly designed based on a geometric optical method, and can be mainly divided into two types of corner cube retroreflectors [ 1, 2 ] and cat eye retroreflectors [ 3, 4 ]. The retroreflector on the vehicle is composed of an angular prism array, and can retroreflect incident light in the opposite direction, so that the retroreflector plays a role of warning. In the angular prism array, each reflecting unit is a concave pyramid prism formed by three mutually perpendicular surfaces. When the incident light is vertical to the reflecting unit, the reflected light is strongest (the efficiency is highest), the incident light angle is changed, the reflecting area is reduced, and the reflecting intensity is weakened. The effective working angle can only be from-45 degrees to +45 degrees. Another type of cat-eye reflector is inspired by the fact that cat's eyes are strongly reflected when illuminated by light at night. At present, such cat-eye retroreflectors are realized mainly by means of glass bead arrays. The cat-eye retroreflector is also not ideal in terms of efficiency and effective working angle because the glass bead array is filled with many other coatings around the surface of the object to effectively fix and protect the glass bead array.
【1】Scholl,M.S.Ray trace through a corner-cube retroreflector with complex reflection coefficients.JOSA A,12(7),1589-1592(1995).
【2】Eckhardt,H.D.Simple model of corner reflector phenomena.Applied Optics,10(7),1559-1566(1971).
【3】Takatsuji,T.,Goto,M.,Osawa,S.,Yin,R.,&Kurosawa,T.Whole-viewing-angle cat's-eye retroreflector as a target of laser trackers.Measurement Science and Technology,10(7),N87(1999).
【4】Biermann,M.L.,Rabinovich,W.S.,Mahon,R.,&Gilbreath,G.C.Design and analysis of a diffraction-limited cat’s-eye retroreflector.Optical Engineering,41(7),1655-1660(2002).
Disclosure of Invention
1. The object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a high-quality glass.
In order to solve the problems that the effective working angle of the existing optical retroreflection technology is limited, and the efficiency is limited, a high-efficiency wide-working-angle retroreflector realized by means of a high-anisotropy medium and a reflector array are further provided.
2. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is disclosed.
The invention provides an optical retroreflector, which is composed of anisotropic media, wherein each adopted anisotropic medium has a main axis direction, the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability along the main axis direction are very large, the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability perpendicular to the main axis direction tend to be zero, the anisotropic media are connected through the high anisotropic medium with the main axis direction, an incident surface and an emergent surface are both planes, points on the incident surface and the emergent surface are in one-to-one correspondence, and the distribution meets the reversal relation of 180-degree angles, namely, light waves incident on the device at a certain angle are reflected back according to the original opposite direction.
In a further specific embodiment, the two isosceles right triangle anisotropic media are symmetrically arranged, the main axis direction of the first anisotropic medium is +45 degrees relative to the bottom edge, the main axis direction of the second region anisotropic medium is-45 degrees relative to the bottom edge, the working surface of the device is the bottom edge formed by the two anisotropic media, and the point on the bottom edge of the first region anisotropic medium and the point on the bottom edge of the second region anisotropic medium satisfy the inverse correspondence of an angle of 180 degrees.
In a further specific embodiment, the two anisotropic media are respectively in a quarter-circle structure, one side of each of the two anisotropic media is arranged in close proximity to form a semicircular structure, the main axis direction of the two anisotropic media is along the tangential direction of the semicircle, the working surface of the device is the bottom edge formed by the two anisotropic media, and the point on the bottom edge of the first region anisotropic medium and the point on the bottom edge of the second region anisotropic medium satisfy the inverse correspondence of an angle of 180 degrees.
In a further specific embodiment, two right triangles and an isosceles triangle anisotropic medium form a flat rectangular reflector, the main axis direction of the anisotropic medium in the two right triangle areas is along the y direction, the main axis direction of the isosceles triangle highly anisotropic medium is along the x direction, the working surface of the device is a base composed of two anisotropic media, and the point on the base of the anisotropic medium in the first area and the point on the base of the anisotropic medium in the second area satisfy the inverse correspondence of an angle of 180 degrees.
In a further embodiment, the incident angle of the incident light is-80 to +80 degrees with respect to the center line of the isosceles triangle.
The invention provides an optical retroreflector array, which is used for carrying out array combination according to the direction of a main shaft designed as required to form a compact large-area retroreflector array.
In a further embodiment, isosceles triangle optical retro-reflectors are used to form a square back-to-back for 360 degree retro-reflection.
3. The invention has the beneficial effects.
(1) The device of the invention can effectively work from-80 degrees to +80 degrees with a very large effective working angle range. And the device can be further expanded to a full-space 360-degree working angle.
(2) The efficiency of the device of the invention is very high. The device can achieve a retroreflective efficiency of greater than 70% when incident light is incident on the working surface of the device at an incident angle of from-60 degrees to +60 degrees. Even at incident angles from-80 to-60 degrees (or +60 to +80 degrees) the retroreflective efficiency can be higher than 50%.
(3) The shape of the device according to the invention can be designed arbitrarily, for example, very thin.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship of the change of the incident angle in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical spirit and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable to examiners of the patent office and particularly to the public, the applicant shall describe in detail below by way of examples, but the description of the examples is not a limitation of the present invention, and any equivalent changes made according to the present inventive concept, which are merely formal and insubstantial, shall be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The optical retroreflector used in the present invention is composed of an anisotropic medium. The anisotropic medium used herein has a principal axis direction along which the dielectric constant and permeability of the medium are very large, and perpendicular to the principal axis direction, the dielectric constant and permeability of the medium tend to be zero. The entrance and exit faces of the device are both planar and are connected by this highly anisotropic medium with a major axis direction. The device can realize the effect of an optical retroreflector as long as the point distribution on the incident surface and the exit surface satisfies the reversal relation of an angle of 180 degrees. And other areas except the device are all air, so that the device can be used in a normal environment and has a wide application range. After the external light or light waves irradiate on the working surface of the device, high-efficiency reverse reflection can be realized within a wide angle range of (-80 degrees to +80 degrees).
As shown in FIG. 1 (two-dimensional cross section), the optical retroreflector provided by the present invention is a structure formed by two anisotropic media arranged next to each other on one side of an isosceles right triangle, and the structure is formed by an isosceles right triangle formed by anisotropic media (1-1) and (1-2). The anisotropic medium used herein has a principal axis direction along which the dielectric constant and permeability of the medium are very large, and perpendicular to the principal axis direction, the dielectric constant and permeability of the medium tend to be zero. The direction of the major axis of the anisotropic medium in region (1-1) is along +45 degrees (with respect to the horizontal x-axis) and the direction of the major axis of the anisotropic medium in region (1-2) is along-45 degrees (with respect to the horizontal x-axis). The other areas are all air. The working faces of the device are S1 and S2.
The optical retro-reflector provided by the invention can realize the retro-reflection efficiency of more than 70% when the incident angle of the incident light is from-60 degrees to +60 degrees (relative to the y axis) to the working surface of the device. Even at incident angles from-80 to-60 degrees (or +60 to +80 degrees) the retroreflective efficiency can be higher than 50%. The entrance and exit faces of the device are both planar and are connected by this highly anisotropic medium with a major axis direction. The device can realize the effect of the optical retroreflector as long as the dot distribution on the incident surface and the exit surface satisfies the 180-degree angle inversion relationship, and the shape of the device is not limited to the isosceles right triangle shown in the drawing.
S1 and S2 are the working surfaces of the device (which are the two abutting planes). The connection between S1 and S2 is made by highly anisotropic media (1-1) and (1-2) having a major axis. In such a highly anisotropic medium, the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of the medium in the direction along the major axis are very large, while the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of the medium in the direction perpendicular to the major axis tend to be zero. The major axis of media (1-1) is oriented at +45 degrees (relative to the x-axis), while the major axis of media (1-2) is oriented at-45 degrees (relative to the x-axis). Note that the media are just isosceles right triangles, but the shape can be flexibly adjusted in the actual design (in this case, the distribution of the main axis direction also changes). The highly anisotropic media (1-1) and (1-2) with the main axis direction are equivalent to 'waveguides' with directional guidance, and points on the surfaces S1 and S2 are in one-to-one correspondence. With the anisotropic medium of the principal axis direction arranged in fig. 1, the dot distributions on the surfaces S1 and S2 just satisfy the inverse correspondence of the 180-degree angle. In this case, the whole device can generate the effect of back reflection for the light incident on the working surface.
The relationship of the retroreflective efficiency of the corresponding device of fig. 1 as a function of the angle of incidence is shown in fig. 4. Note that the device itself is symmetrical along the y-axis. Therefore, we plot only the case of incidence angles from 0 degrees to +80 degrees in analyzing efficiency. In addition, a method capable of further expanding the effective working angle range of the device is provided, namely 4 isosceles right triangle devices in the figure 1 are combined back to form a square, and the full-space 360-degree effective back reflection can be realized.
One solution to achieve such a highly anisotropic medium is given here (the specific implementation is not limited to this): an anisotropic medium with the principal axis along +45 degrees (relative to the x-axis) in (1-1) of fig. 1 can be realized by alternating metal plates and zero-index materials along the + 45-degree direction; an anisotropic medium with its principal axis along-45 degrees (relative to the x-axis) in (1-2) of fig. 1 can be achieved by alternating metal plates and zero index material along-45 degree direction. Note that the cell size of the metal plate and zero index of refraction is required to be around one tenth of the operating wavelength. This structure is designed for TM polarized waves.
Example 2
The distribution of the highly anisotropic medium between the connections S1 and S2 of the optical retro-reflector proposed by the present invention can be achieved in other ways, and the key to the retro-reflection is to make the dot distribution on the surfaces S1 and S2 satisfy the inverse correspondence of 180 degrees. It should be noted that the retroreflector can be realized as long as the dot distribution on the S1 and S2 faces just satisfies the inverse correspondence of 180 degrees, and the shape of the retroreflector is not necessarily only the shape of the isosceles right triangle given in fig. 1.
An optical retro-reflector of a semi-circular configuration as in fig. 2, where the major axis direction of the highly anisotropic medium (designated 2-1) is along the tangential direction of the semi-circle.
Example 3
An optical retro-reflector with a flat rectangular structure as in fig. 3 can also achieve the same retro-reflection effect. The major axis of the highly anisotropic media in the 3-1,3-2 regions is now along the y-direction, while the major axis of the highly anisotropic media in the 3-3 regions is along the x-direction.
Example 4
The optical retro-reflectors of any of the above embodiments 1-3 may be arranged in an array structure for use to form an optical retro-reflector array, thereby achieving a compact and large-area retro-reflection effect.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms indicating an orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Claims (7)
1. An optical retroreflector, comprising: the high-degree anisotropic medium with the main shaft direction is connected, the incident surface and the emergent surface are planes, the points on the incident surface and the emergent surface correspond one to one, and the distribution meets the inversion relation of 180-degree angles, namely, light waves incident on the retroreflector at a certain angle are reflected back in the original opposite direction.
2. The optical retro-reflector as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the optical retroreflector is characterized in that two isosceles right triangle anisotropic media (1-1, 1-2) are symmetrically arranged, the direction of a main shaft of the first anisotropic medium (1-1) is +45 degrees relative to a bottom edge, the direction of a main shaft of the second anisotropic medium (1-2) is-45 degrees relative to the bottom edge, a working surface of the optical retroreflector is a bottom edge formed by the two anisotropic media, and a point on the bottom edge of the first anisotropic medium and a point on the bottom edge of the second anisotropic medium meet the inverse corresponding relation of an angle of 180 degrees.
3. The optical retro-reflector as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the two anisotropic media (2-1, 2-2) are respectively of a quarter-circle structure, one sides of the two anisotropic media are arranged in a close proximity mode to form a semicircular structure, the main axis directions of the two anisotropic media are along the tangential direction of the semicircle, the working surface of the optical retroreflector is the bottom edge formed by the two anisotropic media, and the point on the bottom edge of the first anisotropic medium and the point on the bottom edge of the second anisotropic medium meet the reversal corresponding relation of an angle of 180 degrees.
4. The optical retro-reflector as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the optical retro-reflector comprises a flat rectangular structure reflector, two right-angled triangle anisotropic media and an isosceles triangle anisotropic medium, wherein the main shaft directions of the two right-angled triangle anisotropic media are along the y direction, the main shaft direction of the isosceles triangle anisotropic medium is along the x direction, the working surface of the optical retro-reflector is a bottom side formed by the two right-angled triangle anisotropic media, and the point on the bottom side of the first right-angled triangle anisotropic medium and the point on the bottom side of the second right-angled triangle anisotropic medium meet the reversal corresponding relation of an angle of 180 degrees.
5. The optical retro-reflector as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the incident angle of the incident light is-80 degrees to +80 degrees relative to the center line of the isosceles triangle.
6. An optical retroreflector array, comprising: the optical retro-reflector of claim 1, wherein the array combination is performed according to the main axis direction, so as to form a compact large-area retro-reflector array.
7. The optical retroreflector array of claim 6 wherein: the optical retroreflectors form a square back to perform 360-degree retroreflection.
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| JP2004326083A (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-11-18 | Seiko Instruments Inc | Method for manufacturing mirror, and mirror device |
| CN101392103A (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2009-03-25 | Jds尤尼弗思公司 | Anisotropic magnetic flakes |
| CN102738592A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-17 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Meta-material for realizing deflection of electromagnetic waves |
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| US20140243483A1 (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-08-28 | California Institute Of Technology | Chiral Polymers for the Self-Assembly of Photonic Crystals |
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| CN1157929A (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1997-08-27 | 汪凌志 | Optical element for controling surface image changing mirror surface reflection and its manufacturing method |
| JP2004086164A (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2004-03-18 | Sharp Corp | Corner cube array and its fabricating method |
| CN203587889U (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2014-05-07 | 浙江大学 | Electromagnetic wave stealth device |
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| JP2004326083A (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-11-18 | Seiko Instruments Inc | Method for manufacturing mirror, and mirror device |
| CN101392103A (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2009-03-25 | Jds尤尼弗思公司 | Anisotropic magnetic flakes |
| CN102738592A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-17 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Meta-material for realizing deflection of electromagnetic waves |
| CN102800987A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-11-28 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Metamaterial reflecting mirror |
| US20140243483A1 (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-08-28 | California Institute Of Technology | Chiral Polymers for the Self-Assembly of Photonic Crystals |
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