CN108414716B - Device and method for detecting organic matter components of sewage - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting organic matter components of sewage Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001651 autotrophic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002479 acid--base titration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- HTKFORQRBXIQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N allylthiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)NCC=C HTKFORQRBXIQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229960001748 allylthiourea Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 101100436078 Caenorhabditis elegans asm-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100204282 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) Asm-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/1826—Organic contamination in water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1215—Combinations of activated sludge treatment with precipitation, flocculation, coagulation and separation of phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting organic matter components of sewage. The device for detecting the organic matter component of the sewage comprises a closed container, a sealing plug, a ball with a reflux Kong Fangjian, an electric stirrer, an aeration head, a dissolved oxygen probe, a temperature sensor, an electric heating rod, a temperature and dissolved oxygen tester, a data signal input end, a computer, a data output end, a controller, an air outlet valve relay, an electric heating rod relay, an electric stirrer relay, an aeration relay, an air pump and an air outlet valve. Also discloses a method for detecting the organic matter component of the sewage by using the detection device. The detection method is based on an activated sludge process model, on one hand, the biological degradation process of the organic matters is carried out from the biochemical reaction point of view, on the other hand, the sewage composition is divided from the physical property point of view according to the expression form of the existing form, and a determination scheme is provided according to different mechanisms, so that the detection efficiency and accuracy of the organic matter components are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for detecting organic matter components of sewage.
Background
In recent decades, an activated sludge process has been greatly developed, not only organic carbon can be removed, but also nitrogen and phosphorus can be removed, but for a long time, most of the methods adopting experience or semi-experience are adopted to design and operate the activated sludge system, and the research on biological treatment theory is not in depth. Because of the complexity of the sewage water quality components and the activated sludge process, the application of an activated sludge mathematical model design, management and stamping sewage treatment plants is a necessary development trend of the water treatment technology in China in order to have deeper understanding on the law of the phenomenon studied.
Along with the increasing frequency of mathematical models and computer technology in the application of activated sludge technology, the International Water Assistant (IWA) continuously provides an activated sludge model 1-3 (ASM 1, ASM2 and ASM2D, ASM) through summarizing the work results of previous researchers, and provides a universally applicable platform for the development, operation management, process design and scientific research of new international sewage treatment technologies. The ASM series models are applied to actual sewage treatment plants, and very useful theoretical basis is provided for operation management of sewage treatment plants, optimization, upgrading and reconstruction of the existing technology and the like.
However, in practical applications, there are certain difficulties in the effective use of ASM models, mainly due to analytical determination of the quality of incoming water and actual correction of model parameters. Because the ASM model contains the solubility and non-solubility, inert and non-inert substances such as COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in water, some are difficult to directly measure, and some analytical measurement methods are not standardized. On the other hand, the model water inflow components have larger difference in numerical values due to different factors such as economy, living habit, pipe network arrangement and the like in different areas, and cannot directly refer to research results at home and abroad, so that actual measurement on the model water inflow components is necessary.
At present, most sewage treatment plants in China only monitor and collect data on conventional indexes such as COD, SS, nitrogen and phosphorus, but the further subdivision of the components and the measurement of model parameters are less. Therefore, the determination of the component parameters of the model is a great difficulty which needs to be overcome in the application of the mathematical model of the activated sludge. With the deep research of the activated sludge process, the mathematical model is more and more complex, and the accuracy and the testability of each parameter are more and more required, and the measurement means of the model parameters in the current model are lagged behind the development of the model. Therefore, it is important to obtain model parameters through reliable detection methods and devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for detecting organic matter components of sewage, wherein the method is based on an activated sludge process model, on one hand, the biological degradation process of the organic matters is carried out from the biochemical reaction perspective, on the other hand, the sewage is divided from the physical quality perspective according to the appearance form of the existence form, and a measuring scheme is provided according to different mechanisms, so that the detection efficiency and accuracy of the organic matter components are improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the device for detecting the organic matter component of the sewage comprises a reaction system, a detection system, a control system and a data acquisition system;
the reaction system comprises a closed container, a sealing plug is arranged at the top of the closed container, a ball with a reflux Kong Fangjian, an electric stirrer, a dissolved oxygen probe, a temperature sensor and an electric heating rod are sequentially arranged in the sealing plug, the ball with the reflux Kong Fangjian is connected with the sealing plug through an air outlet valve, and an aeration head is arranged at the bottom of the closed container;
the detection system comprises a temperature and dissolved oxygen tester, and the temperature and dissolved oxygen tester is respectively connected with a dissolved oxygen probe and a temperature sensor;
the control system comprises a controller, wherein the controller is provided with an air outlet valve relay, an electric heating rod relay, an electric stirrer relay and an aeration relay, the air outlet valve relay is connected with the air outlet valve, the electric heating rod relay is connected with the electric heating rod, the electric stirrer relay is connected with the electric stirrer, and the aeration relay is connected with the aeration head through an air pump;
the data acquisition system comprises a computer, wherein the computer is provided with a data signal input end and a data output end, the data signal input end is connected with the temperature and dissolved oxygen meter, and the data output end is connected with the controller.
The temperature and the dissolved oxygen meter set the concentration of the dissolved oxygen to be 2 mg/L-6 mg/L, and the temperature to be 19.5 ℃ to 20.5 ℃.
A method for detecting organic matter components of sewage comprises the following steps:
1) Dividing organic components: dividing organic matters in sewage into soluble fermentation products S according to an activated sludge ASM2D model A Fermentable readily biodegradable organic matter S F Non-biodegradable organic matter S in dissolved state I Slowly degradable granular organic matter X S Particulate non-biodegradable organic matter X I Heterotrophic bacteria X H The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein S is A And S is F All belong to the organic matter S which is easy to be biodegraded S ；
2) S determination by intermittent activated sludge method I : inoculating activated sludge into sewage, aerating, flocculating and precipitating the effluent, filtering, and measuring dissolved COD in the effluent f The value is S I ；
3) Determination of S by distillation and condensation method A : heating distilled sewage, collecting distillate of fermentation product, and measuring S in the distillate A Concentration;
4) Measurement of S S 、X S And X H : will be activeAdding sludge and sewage into the detection device, sealing, aerating, reacting, measuring oxygen consumption rate change curve of the sludge, and calculating S by integrating curve areas S 、X S And X H Is a concentration of (2);
5) Calculation S F And X I : s is calculated according to material balance F And X I Wherein: s is S F ＝S S －S A ；X I ＝COD T －S S －X S －S I －X H 。
The step 2) of the detection method specifically comprises the following steps: inoculating activated sludge into sewage to make the ratio F/M of sludge load and sludge quantity be 0.05-0.2, continuously aerating, taking out water, adding zinc sulfate under the condition of pH value being 10-11, removing formed colloid, filtering and measuring dissolved COD in the water f The value is S I 。
In the step 3) of the detection method, the heating and distilling sewage is specifically to add 0.5-2% of sodium hydroxide solution by volume percent into the sewage for heating and distilling, wherein the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 5-20%.
In step 3) of the detection method, S is measured A The method is an acid-base titration method, and concretely comprises the following steps: the fermentation product distillate was titrated with a standard solution of sodium hydroxide with phenolphthalein as indicator at the end of the titration at ph=8.3 while the phenolphthalein was pink.
In the step 4) of the detection method, the aeration needs to ensure that the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the device is more than 6mg/L, then the aeration is stopped, and the nitrification inhibitor is added to inhibit the activity of autotrophic bacteria.
In the step 4) of the detection method, the mixed solution of the activated sludge and the sewage is completely filled in a closed container, and the reaction is carried out in a sealed state, wherein the pH of the reaction is 7.5-8.5.
In step 4) of the detection method, S S 、X S And X H The concentration calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the above formula:
V W -volume of sewage, L;
v-volume of sludge, L;
Y H -a productivity coefficient of the heterologous bacteria;
t 1 -time, h, of the first inflection point in the oxygen consumption rate curve;
t 2 -time, h, of the second inflection point in the oxygen consumption rate curve;
r 1 -oxygen consumption rate profile from 0 to t 1 Oxygen consumption rate of the segment, mg/(L.min);
r 2 from t in the oxygen consumption rate profile 1 To t 2 Oxygen consumption rate of the segment, mg/(L.min);
r 3 t in the oxygen consumption rate variation curve 2 The subsequent oxygen consumption rate, mg/(L.min);
r(t 0 )—t 0 consumption rate of the instant heterotrophic bacteria, mg/(L.h);
μ H maximum specific growth rate of the heterotrophic bacteria, d -1 ；
Y H -a productivity coefficient of the heterologous bacteria;
S S 、X S and X H The concentration units of (C) are mg/L.
In the step 2) or the step 4) of the detection method, the activated sludge is the sludge in an endogenous respiration state, and the age of the sludge is 1-3 days.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The method is based on an activated sludge process model, on one hand, the biological degradation process of the organic matters is carried out from the biochemical reaction point of view, on the other hand, the sewage composition is divided from the physical property point of view according to the expression form of the existing form, and a determination scheme is provided according to different mechanisms, so that the detection efficiency and accuracy of the organic matter components are improved.
2) The device provided by the invention is added with the splash-proof ball with the backflow hole, reduces the loss of mixed liquid in the process of multiple short-time strong aeration, and ensures the tightness of the reactor in the reaction process by controlling the air outlet valve at the lower end of the ball with the backflow Kong Fangjian through the relay.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sewage organic matter component detection device;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change in oxygen consumption rate of sludge.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sewage organic matter component detection device. In fig. 1, a closed container; 2. a sealing plug; 3. a ball with reflow Kong Fangjian; 4. an electric mixer; 5. an aeration head; 6. a dissolved oxygen probe; 7. a temperature sensor; 8. an electric heating rod; 9. temperature and dissolved oxygen meter; 10. a data signal input terminal; 11. a computer; 12. a data output terminal; 13. a controller; 14. an air outlet valve relay; 15. an electric bar relay; 16. an electric mixer relay; 17. an aeration relay; 18. an air pump; 19. and an air outlet valve.
The following describes the detection device of the organic matter component of the sewage according to the present invention with reference to fig. 1, and the device includes a reaction system, a detection system, a control system, and a data acquisition system; the reaction system comprises a closed container (1), wherein a sealing plug (2) is arranged at the top of the closed container (1), a ball (3) with a reflux Kong Fangjian, an electric stirrer (4), a dissolved oxygen probe (6), a temperature sensor (7) and an electric heating rod (8) are sequentially arranged in the sealing plug (2), the ball (3) with the reflux Kong Fangjian is connected with the sealing plug (2) through an air outlet valve (19), and an aeration head (5) is arranged at the bottom of the closed container (1);
the detection system comprises a temperature and dissolved oxygen meter (9), and the temperature and dissolved oxygen meter (9) is respectively connected with a dissolved oxygen probe (6) and a temperature sensor (7);
the control system comprises a controller (13), wherein the controller is provided with an air outlet valve relay (14), an electric heating rod relay (15), an electric mixer relay (16) and an aeration relay (17), the air outlet valve relay (14) is connected with an air outlet valve (19), the electric heating rod relay (15) is connected with an electric heating rod (8), the electric mixer relay (16) is connected with an electric mixer (4), and the aeration relay (17) is connected with an aeration head (5) through an air pump (18);
the data acquisition system comprises a computer (11), wherein the computer (11) is provided with a data signal input end (10) and a data output end (12), the data signal input end (10) is connected with the temperature and dissolved oxygen meter (9), and the data output end (12) is connected with the controller (13).
DO and temperature in the closed container are monitored in real time through a temperature and dissolved oxygen tester, a dissolved oxygen probe and a temperature sensor, and the DO and the temperature are input into a computer through a data signal input end, so that whether the reactor is to be heated and aerated is judged according to the set DO and temperature conditions. The calculated result is output to the controller through the data signal output end, and is fed back to the electric heating rod and the aeration head in the closed container through the electric heating rod relay and the aeration relay, so that DO and temperature of the reaction system are ensured. Through an air outlet valve relay in the controller, an air outlet valve at the lower end of the splash-proof ball with a reflux hole is automatically opened during aeration and communicated with the reaction device, so that the mixed liquid can be prevented from splashing during aeration, and the mixed liquid is prevented from losing; after aeration, the outlet valve at the lower end of the ball with reflux Kong Fangjian is closed, and the electric stirrer is started by the relay of the electric stirrer, so that the reactor is always in a complete mixing state.
Preferably, the volume of the closed container is 3L to 10L.
Preferably, the temperature and dissolved oxygen meter set the dissolved oxygen concentration to be 2 mg/L-6 mg/L and the temperature to be 19.5-20.5 ℃.
Preferably, the volume of the ball with return Kong Fangjian is 200 mL-300 mL.
Preferably, the controller is a programmable controller.
Preferably, the electric heating rod is a single-head heating pipe.
A method for detecting organic matter components of sewage comprises the following steps:
1) Dividing organic components: according to an activated sludge ASM2D model (an activated sludge model Activated Sludge Model D developed by International Water Association), organic matters in sewage are divided into soluble fermentation products S A Fermentable readily biodegradable organic matter S F Non-biodegradable organic matter S in dissolved state I Slowly degradable granular organic matter X S Particulate non-biodegradable organic matter X I Heterotrophic bacteria X H The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein S is A And S is F All belong to the organic matter S which is easy to be biodegraded S ；
2) S determination by intermittent activated sludge method I : inoculating activated sludge into sewage, aerating, flocculating and precipitating the effluent, filtering, and measuring dissolved COD in the effluent f The value is S I ；
3) Determination of S by distillation and condensation method A : heating distilled sewage, collecting distillate of fermentation product, and measuring S in the distillate A Concentration;
4) Measurement of S S 、X S And X H : adding activated sludge and sewage into the detection device, sealing, aerating, reacting, measuring oxygen consumption rate change curve of the sludge, and calculating S by integrating curve area S 、X S And X H Is a concentration of (2);
5) Calculation S F And X I : s is calculated according to material balance F And X I Wherein: s is S F ＝S S －S A ；X I ＝COD T －S S －X S －S I －X H 。
Further, step 1) of the detection method is to divide the organic matter component into a dissolved state S and a granular state X according to the difference of physical and chemical characteristics, and then divide the organic matter component into a fermentation product and a fermentable organic matter which is easy to biodegrade and is not biodegradable according to the degradation process and the difficulty level thereof.
Further, the step 2) of the detection method specifically comprises: inoculating activated sludge into sewage to make the ratio F/M of sludge load F and sludge quantity M be 0.05-0.2, continuously aerating for several days, then taking out water, making pH valueAdding zinc sulfate under the condition of 10-11 to form Zn (OH) 2 Removing the formed colloid, filtering, and measuring the dissolved COD in the water f The value is S I 。
Further, in the step 3) of the detection method, the heating and distilling sewage is specifically to add 0.5-2% of sodium hydroxide solution by volume percent into the sewage for heating and distilling, wherein the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 5-20%; preferably, the heating distillation of the sewage is specifically performed by adding 1% by volume of sodium hydroxide solution into the sewage for heating distillation, wherein the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10%. Due to S A Is subjected to the determination of ammonia nitrogen and H contained in sewage 2 S and CO 2 And the like, so that NaOH needs to be added for distillation to remove ammonia nitrogen and H in the water sample 2 S and CO 2 Etc.
Further, in step 3) of the detection method, S is measured A The method is an acid-base titration method, and concretely comprises the following steps: the fermentation product distillate was titrated with a standard solution of sodium hydroxide with phenolphthalein as indicator at the end of the titration at ph=8.3 while the phenolphthalein was pink.
Further, in step 4) of the detection method, aeration is required to ensure that the dissolved oxygen concentration in the device is more than 6mg/L, then aeration is stopped, and nitrification inhibitor is added to inhibit autotrophic bacteria activity.
Preferably, the nitrification inhibitor is added as Allylthiourea (ATU), and the allylthiourea is added so that the ATU concentration in the closed vessel is 18mg/L to 22mg/L, more preferably 20mg/L. The activity of autotrophic bacteria can be inhibited by adding ATU, and OUR interference caused by the autotrophic bacteria is eliminated.
In the step 4) of the detection method, the mixed solution of the activated sludge and the sewage is completely filled in a closed container, and the reaction is carried out in a sealed state, wherein the pH of the reaction is 7.5-8.5; after the muddy water mixed solution is added into the detection device, the device is required to be fully filled, no air bubbles exist, and the device is sealed by a sealing plug.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change in oxygen consumption rate of sludge. In FIG. 2, total oxygen consumption (curve product) is calculated according to the change trend of oxygen consumption rateArea) is divided into three parts, respectively representing S in sewage S 、X S And oxygen consumption of endogenous respiration of microorganisms in the raw sludge. Corresponding to different oxygen consumption rates r 1 、r 2 、r 3 The concentration of each component was calculated by integrating the area of the curve. In the following, referring to FIG. 2, step 4) of the detection method S is described S 、X S And X H The concentration calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in formula (1) or (2):
V W -volume of sewage, L;
v-volume of sludge, L;
Y H -a productivity coefficient of the heterologous bacteria;
t 1 -time, h, of the first inflection point in the oxygen consumption rate curve;
t 2 -time, h, of the second inflection point in the oxygen consumption rate curve;
r 1 -oxygen consumption rate profile from 0 to t 1 Oxygen consumption rate of the segment, mg/(L.min);
r 2 from t in the oxygen consumption rate profile 1 To t 2 Oxygen consumption rate of the segment, mg/(L.min);
r 3 t in the oxygen consumption rate variation curve 2 The subsequent oxygen consumption rate, mg/(L.min).
X H The dissolved oxygen consumption rate of the inlet water is measured by the detection device, and the ATU is added to inhibit nitrification, so that the method is calculated according to the formula (3):
in the formula (3):
r(t 0 )—t 0 consumption rate of the instant heterotrophic bacteria, mg/(L.h);
μ H maximum specific growth rate of the heterotrophic bacteria, d -1 ；
Y H -the productivity coefficient of the iso-aerobic bacteria.
S S 、X S And X H The concentration units of (C) are mg/L.
Further, in step 4) of the detection method, the activated sludge is required to be firstly measured for the concentration of the sludge VSS and the COD value of the sewage to be detected, so that the ratio F/M of the sludge load F to the sludge quantity M is between 0.05 and 0.2.
Further, in step 2) or step 4) of the detection method, the activated sludge is a sludge in an endogenous respiration state, and the age of the sludge is 1 to 3 days, preferably 2 days.
In step 5), COD T I.e. the total COD.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The materials used in the examples are commercially available from conventional sources unless otherwise specified.
An embodiment of a device for detecting organic matter components in sewage:
as shown in FIG. 1, the device for detecting the organic matter component of the sewage comprises a reaction system, a detection system, a control system and a data acquisition and processing system: the reaction system comprises a closed container (1), the volume is 5L, a sealing plug (2) is arranged, a ball (3) with a backflow Kong Fangjian, an electric stirrer (4), a dissolved oxygen probe (6), a temperature sensor (7) and an electric heating rod (8) are sequentially arranged in the sealing plug (2), an aeration head (5) is paved at the bottom of the container, wherein the ball (3) with a backflow Kong Fangjian is provided with an air outlet valve (19), and the aeration head (5) is connected with an air pump (18); the detection system detects the temperature and DO in the reactor mainly through a temperature and DO determinator (9). The control system comprises a controller (13), an air outlet valve relay (14), an electric heating rod relay (15), an electric stirrer relay (16) and an aeration relay (17), wherein the air outlet valve relay (14) is connected with an air outlet valve (19), the electric heating rod relay (15) is connected with an electric heating rod (8), the electric stirrer relay (16) is connected with an electric stirrer (4), and the aeration relay (17) is connected with an air pump (18) to feed back detection data. The data acquisition processing system comprises a data signal input end (10), a computer (11) and a data output end (12), and processes the data acquired by the detection system and outputs the data to the controller (13).
The equipment information used by the detection device is as follows:
ball with reflow Kong Fangjian: model A3384-B250mL-1EA, upper grind 24/40, lower grind 19/22, volume 250mL;
electric mixer: JB60-S electric stirrer;
temperature and dissolved oxygen meter: a hash sc200 dissolved oxygen meter;
and (3) a controller: FX1N-14MR-001 Mitsubishi programmable controller;
electric heating rod: a single-head heating tube.
The detection device mainly comprises two processes of aeration and reaction, wherein the aeration is used for ensuring that the device after mud-water mixing has high enough initial DO concentration (> 6 mg/L), and the device is fully filled with mixed liquid and is in a sealing state in the reaction process after the aeration is finished, so that the design of the device is required to meet the experimental requirements of the two processes.
The detection device works as follows: DO and temperature in the closed container (1) are monitored in real time through a temperature and dissolved oxygen tester (9), a dissolved oxygen probe (6) and a temperature sensor (7), and are input into a computer (11) through a data signal input end (10), and whether the reactor is to be heated and aerated is judged according to the set DO and temperature conditions. The calculated result is output to a controller (13) through a data signal output end (12), and is fed back to an electric heating rod (8) and an aeration head (5) in the closed container (1) through an electric heating rod relay (15) and an aeration relay (16), so that DO and temperature of the reaction system are ensured. Through an air outlet valve relay (14) in the controller (13), an air outlet valve (19) at the lower end of the reflux Kong Fangjian ball (3) is automatically opened during aeration, so that the reflux Kong Fangjian ball is communicated with the reaction device, the mixed liquid can be prevented from splashing during aeration, and the mixed liquid is prevented from losing; after aeration, the outlet valve (19) at the lower end of the ball (3) with reflux Kong Fangjian is closed, and the electric stirrer (4) is started through the electric stirrer relay (16) so that the reactor is always in a complete mixing state.
The embodiment of the method for detecting the organic matter component of the sewage comprises the following steps:
taking water from a sewage plant in Guangzhou city, wherein the main water quality indexes are as follows: COD: 150-450 mg/L, NH 4 + -N: 10-30 mg/L, TN: 15-50 mg/L, TP: 1-4 mg/L, SS: 130-320 mg/L, pH value 6.9-7.1. The detection method is described below with reference to fig. 1.
1) Dissolved non-biodegradable organic matter S I Is determined by: determination of total COD (COD) of the influent T ). Placing 5L of sludge in an aerobic tank into a container, standing and precipitating for 30min, discharging supernatant, adding distilled water to a bottle full of the bottle, standing and precipitating again after full aeration and stirring, discharging supernatant, repeating the steps for three times, wherein the total aeration time is about 6-8 h, so that the sludge is in an endogenous respiration state, and measuring the sludge solubility MLSS. Taking the water and the sludge treated by the method, fully aerating the mixed solution F/M=0.2 for 5 days, taking out the water, and adding zinc sulfate under the condition of pH=10.5 to form Zn (OH) 2 The flocs are used for removing colloid in water, and then a filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.45 μm is used for filtering the water sample. The flocculation method can effectively remove the residual COD of the colloidal organic matters in the water, and the detected COD f The value is regarded as S I 。
2) Fermentation product S A Is determined by: 100mL of water sample was first taken in a 250mL distillation flask, zeolite was added, 3 drops of phenolphthalein solution were dropped into the flask, then 1mL of 10% sodium hydroxide solution was added to make it alkaline, heating was performed until 60mL of distillation flask solution remained, and this fraction was discarded. Then adding 40mL of distilled water into a distillation flask, simultaneously adding 10mL of 10% phosphoric acid to acidify an experimental water sample, heating until the solution is 20mL, cooling, adding 50mL of distilled water, heating again to obtain a distillate, dripping 10 drops of phenolphthalein reagent into the distillate, titrating with 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide, and taking pH=8.3 (weak alkalinity) as a tool for judging the other end point, wherein the titration reaches the end point when the phenolphthalein is pink. Recording volume V NaOH mL, S can be calculated from formula (4) A 。
In the formula (4):
V NaOH -volume of NaOH consumed, mL;
c, titration consumes the concentration of NaOH standard solution and mol/L;
v-the volume of the water sample to be measured, mL.
Ammonia nitrogen and H contained in sewage 2 S and CO 2 Etc. will interfere with S A Therefore, these interfering factors should be excluded during the test. Adding NaOH for distillation to remove ammonia nitrogen and H in water sample 2 S and CO 2 Etc.
3) Easily biodegradable organic matter S S And slowly degradable organic matter X S Is determined by: determining a proper F/M ratio (F/M=0.05-0.2) according to experimental requirements, thereby determining the water inlet volume V in the device W And the volume V of the sludge.
Adding the sludge in an endogenous respiration state into the device, fully aerating the sludge, wherein the aim of aeration is to ensure that the device after mixing the sludge and the water has high enough initial DO concentration #>6 mg/L). Aeration is stopped, and L mL of a nitrification inhibitor Allyl Thiourea (ATU) solution with the concentration of 20g/L is added to ensure that the concentration of the ATU in the OUR reactor is 20mg/L, thereby inhibiting the activity of autotrophic bacteria and eliminating OUR interference caused by the autotrophic bacteria. Volume V W If there is room in the bottle after adding the waste water, distilled water is added until the reactor is completely filled, no air bubbles exist, the reactor is closed by a sealing plug, and the magnetic stirrer and the DO determinator are started. When DO in the reactor is reduced to 2mg/L, the reactor is opened for aeration to enable DO to reach more than 6mg/L, aeration is stopped, and an exhaust valve is kept open so as to discharge bubbles generated by strong aeration in the reactor, and the rapid reduction of DO after sealing is avoided. After the numerical value displayed by the dissolved oxygen meter is reduced and stabilized, the exhaust valve is closed, and the change of the dissolved oxygen in the device is continuously monitored. The above steps are continued until the oxygen consumption rate reaches a constant value, the microorganism enters an endogenous respiration level, and the test is ended. After calculation, the concentration of dissolved oxygen can be drawnThe change of the degree with time can be seen in fig. 2. The determined easily biodegradable organic matter S can be calculated by using the formulas (1) and (2) S And slowly degradable organic matter X S 。
4) Heterotrophic bacteria X H Is determined by: adding sewage water sample into the device to fill the device, wherein the nitrification inhibitor ATU in the device is 20mg/L, continuously measuring the change of dissolved oxygen in the reactor for a period of time (about 30 minutes) in a sealing way, and obtaining heterotrophic bacteria X according to a formula (3) H Is a value of (2).
5) Calculating the remaining component parameters by material balance, S F According to formula S F ＝S S -S A Calculation, X I According to formula X I ＝COD－S S －X S －S I －X H And (5) calculating.
The results of the detection of the organic components according to the above-described specific implementation procedure are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 organic component concentration
Claims (9)
1. A method for detecting organic matter components of sewage is characterized in that: detecting by using a detection device of organic matter components of sewage;
the detection device for the organic matter component of the sewage comprises a reaction system, a detection system, a control system and a data acquisition system;
the reaction system comprises a closed container, a sealing plug is arranged at the top of the closed container, a ball with a reflux Kong Fangjian, an electric stirrer, a dissolved oxygen probe, a temperature sensor and an electric heating rod are sequentially arranged in the sealing plug, the ball with the reflux Kong Fangjian is connected with the sealing plug through an air outlet valve, and an aeration head is arranged at the bottom of the closed container;
the detection system comprises a temperature and dissolved oxygen tester, and the temperature and dissolved oxygen tester is respectively connected with a dissolved oxygen probe and a temperature sensor;
the control system comprises a controller, wherein the controller is provided with an air outlet valve relay, an electric heating rod relay, an electric stirrer relay and an aeration relay, the air outlet valve relay is connected with the air outlet valve, the electric heating rod relay is connected with the electric heating rod, the electric stirrer relay is connected with the electric stirrer, and the aeration relay is connected with the aeration head through an air pump;
the data acquisition system comprises a computer, wherein the computer is provided with a data signal input end and a data output end, the data signal input end is connected with the temperature and dissolved oxygen meter, and the data output end is connected with the controller;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) Dividing organic components: dividing organic matters in sewage into soluble fermentation products S according to an activated sludge ASM2D model A Fermentable readily biodegradable organic matter S F Non-biodegradable organic matter S in dissolved state I Slowly degradable granular organic matter X S Particulate non-biodegradable organic matter X I Heterotrophic bacteria X H The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein S is A And S is F All belong to the organic matter S which is easy to be biodegraded S ；
2) S determination by intermittent activated sludge method I : inoculating activated sludge into sewage, aerating, flocculating and precipitating the effluent, filtering, and measuring dissolved COD in the effluent f The value is S I ；
3) Determination of S by distillation and condensation method A : heating distilled sewage, collecting distillate of fermentation product, and measuring S in the distillate A Concentration;
4) Measurement of S S 、X S And X H : adding activated sludge and sewage into the detection device, sealing, aerating, reacting, measuring the oxygen consumption rate change curve of the sludge, and calculating S by integrating the curve area S 、X S And X H Is a concentration of (2);
5) Calculation S F And X I : s is calculated according to material balance F And X I Wherein: s is S F =S S －S A ；X I =COD T －S S －X S －S I －X H 。
2. The method for detecting organic matter components in sewage according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature and the dissolved oxygen meter set the concentration of the dissolved oxygen to be 2 mg/L-6 mg/L and the temperature to be 19.5 ℃ to 20.5 ℃.
3. The method for detecting organic matter components in sewage according to claim 1, wherein: the step 2) is specifically as follows: inoculating activated sludge into sewage, continuously aerating to obtain water with a sludge load/sludge amount ratio F/M of 0.05-0.2, adding zinc sulfate under a pH of 10-11, removing formed colloid, filtering, and measuring dissolved COD in the water f The value is S I 。
4. The method for detecting organic matter components in sewage according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), heating and distilling the sewage, specifically, adding 0.5-2% of sodium hydroxide solution by volume percent into the sewage for heating and distilling, wherein the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 5-20%.
5. The method for detecting organic matter components in sewage according to claim 4, wherein: in step 3), S is measured A The method is an acid-base titration method, and concretely comprises the following steps: the fermentation product distillate was titrated with a standard solution of sodium hydroxide with phenolphthalein as indicator at the end of the titration at ph=8.3 while the phenolphthalein was pink.
6. The method for detecting organic matter components in sewage according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), the aeration needs to ensure that the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the device is more than 6mg/L, then the aeration is stopped, and the nitrification inhibitor is added to inhibit the activity of autotrophic bacteria.
7. The method for detecting organic matter components in sewage according to claim 6, wherein: in the step 4), the mixed solution of the activated sludge and the sewage is completely filled in a closed container, and the reaction is carried out in a sealed state, wherein the pH of the reaction is 7.5-8.5.
8. The method for detecting organic matter components in sewage according to claim 7, wherein: in step 4), S S 、X S And X H The concentration calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
；
；
；
in the above formula:
-volume of sewage, L;
V -sludge volume, L;
-a productivity coefficient of the heterologous bacteria;
-time, h, of the first inflection point in the oxygen consumption rate curve;
-time, h, of the second inflection point in the oxygen consumption rate curve;
from the profile of oxygen consumption rate0 to->Oxygen consumption rate of the segment, mg/(L.min);
from +.>To->Oxygen consumption rate of the segment, mg/(L.min);
-in the oxygen consumption rate profile +.>The subsequent oxygen consumption rate, mg/(L.min);
—/>consumption rate of the instant heterotrophic bacteria, mg/(L.h);
maximum specific growth rate of the heterotrophic bacteria, d -1 ；
-a productivity coefficient of the heterologous bacteria;
S S 、X S and X H The concentration units of (C) are mg/L.
9. The method for detecting organic matter components in sewage according to claim 3 or 8, characterized by comprising the steps of: the activated sludge is sludge in an endogenous respiration state, and the age of the sludge is 1-3 days.
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| CN111781022B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-12-27 | 甘肃农业大学 | Sampling device for determining concentration of heterotrophic microorganisms in livestock-raising sewage by activated sludge |
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