CN108414483A - A kind of fluorescence probe and its preparation method and application for dopamine determination - Google Patents
A kind of fluorescence probe and its preparation method and application for dopamine determination Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fluorescence probes for dopamine determination, using L arginine as carbon source, there is the carbon quantum dot of hyperfluorescence transmitting by hydro-thermal method one-step synthesis, and it is characterized by ultra-violet absorption spectrum (UV), fluorescence spectrum (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) etc., it was confirmed that synthesize the fluorescence property of carbon quantum dot and the functional groups such as great amount of hydroxy group, carbonyl are contained on surface.The fluorescence quenching of C dots using C dots as the fluorescence probe of detection dopamine, and is optimized experiment condition such as pH, carbon dots dosage, reaction temperature and time according to dopamine simultaneously.Under optimal detection condition, the quantitative detecting method of dopamine is established, detection limit is down to 93nM, it was demonstrated that this method can be used for the Sensitive Detection of dopamine in actual sample.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fluorescent probe technique field more particularly to a kind of fluorescence probes and its system for dopamine determination
Preparation Method and application.
Background technology
Dopamine, that is, 4- (2- amino-ethyls) -1,2 benzenediols, structure are as follows：
Dopamine is a kind of nerve conduction mediator, is played in central nervous system and peripheral neverous system highly important
Effect.Research shows that DOPAMINE CONTENT IN RABBIT horizontal abnormality will lead to schizophrenia, senile dementia and Parkinson's disease.Dopamine hydrochloride
For the hydrochloride form of dopamine, clinically dopamine hydrochloride injection is usually used in treating great psychic trauma, openheart surgery, the heart
It suffers a shock caused by dirty failure etc., is a kind of to be widely used general pressor agent.Therefore, a kind of simple, economic, sensitive inspection is found
The method for surveying DOPAMINE CONTENT IN RABBIT in clinical medicine is necessary.
Currently, document it has been reported that largely detection dopamine method, wherein based on electrochemical method.For example, logical
Direct current electrochemical deposition is crossed, is prepared for threadiness, sheet and the coralliform of gold respectively on PET substrate
Nano material, and modified and be used for Electrochemical Detection dopamine on electrode.Feng et al. loads to two-sided conductive carbon tape
On ito glass, and electrode is made after multi-walled carbon nanotube and perfluorinated sulfonic acid modification, the DOPA for being extracted in rat striatum
The detection of amine.Also have in addition, detecting the common method of dopamine：Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, colorimetric detection
Deng.Electrochemistry is that the sensitive quick analysis method of one kind be can't deny, but the cumbersome and complicated of electrode production process is also to have
What mesh was seen altogether.Raman spectrum has good sensitivity and selectivity, but needs expensive instrument and equipment, is not suitable for conventional inspection
It surveys.Colorimetric method is a kind of simple and quick analysis method, but its detection range is relatively narrow, and accuracy is relatively low.Therefore, it establishes a kind of
The method of sensitive, quick, economic analysis dopamine is necessary.
Herein using L-arginine as carbon source, there is the carbon quantum dot of hyperfluorescence transmitting using hydro-thermal method one-step synthesis.It is real
Process discovery is tested, the addition of dopamine can effectively quench the fluorescence of carbon quantum dot, and its fluorescent quenching degree and dopamine is dense
Good linear relationship is presented in degree.Based on this, carbon quantum dot will be synthesized as the fluorescence probe of detection dopamine, establish one kind
Simply, the fluorescence analysis method of economic, green detection dopamine, and be applied in dopamine hydrochloride injection and urine sample
The detection of dopamine.
Invention content
Technical problems based on background technology, the present invention propose a kind of fluorescence probe for dopamine determination.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of fluorescence probe for dopamine determination, the probe are specially：Using L-arginine as carbon source, using hydro-thermal method
The carbon quantum dot with hyperfluorescence transmitting of one-step synthesis.
A kind of preparation method of fluorescence probe for dopamine determination, includes the following steps：Arginine is weighed, is added super
Pure water dissolves, and is transferred in reaction kettle after mixing, reacts 4-8h at 160-200 DEG C, will be anti-after cooled to room temperature
Answer liquid to cross 0.22 μm of miillpore filter, filtrate is to synthesize fluorescent carbon quantum dot solution, place it in 4 DEG C of refrigerator preserve it is standby
With, you can.
Preferably, the temperature in the reaction kettle is 180 DEG C.
The invention has the beneficial effects that：The present invention has using L-arginine as carbon source, by hydro-thermal method one-step synthesis
The carbon quantum dot of hyperfluorescence transmitting, and pass through ultra-violet absorption spectrum (UV), fluorescence spectrum (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
(FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) etc. characterizes it, it was confirmed that synthesize carbon quantum dot fluorescence property and
Contain the functional groups such as great amount of hydroxy group, carbonyl in surface.The fluorescence quenching of C-dots is made C-dots according to dopamine simultaneously
To detect the fluorescence probe of dopamine, and experiment condition such as pH, carbon dots dosage, reaction temperature and time are optimized.
Under optimal detection condition, the quantitative detecting method of dopamine is established, detection limit is down to 93nM, it was demonstrated that this method can be used for reality
The Sensitive Detection of dopamine in the sample of border.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1：Arginine dosage one be periodically added the hydrations of different volumes at the fluorescence spectra (A) of carbon quantum dot and glimmering
Light intensity map (B)；
Figure:2：The fluorescence spectra (A) and fluorescence intensity figure (B) of the C-dots synthesized under different temperatures；
Figure:3：The fluorescence spectra (A) and fluorescence intensity figure (B) of the C-dots of different time synthesis；
Fig. 4：The synthesis of C-dots and fluorescence sense detection dopamine schematic diagram and its ultraviolet, fluorescence, infrared and XPS characterizations
Figure；
Fig. 5：The influence of pH, C-dots dosage, reaction temperature and time to C-dots-TZ systems fluorescence intensity (quenching)；
Fig. 6：The interference test of DA and C-dots systems, a concentration of 12.50 μM of phosphate buffer pH=8.0, DA；It is anti-
Bad hematic acid, Zn2+、Ca2+For 0.25mM, remaining is 1.25mM；
Specific implementation mode
One, the synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dot
This experiment uses L-arginine for carbon source, using hydro-thermal method one-step synthesis fluorescent carbon quantum dot, is as follows：
First, 0.10g arginine is weighed, the ultrapure water dissolutions of 20mL are added, are transferred to after mixing in 50mL reaction kettles, in 180 DEG C
Reaction solution after cooled to room temperature, is crossed 0.22 μm of miillpore filter by lower reaction 6h, and filtrate is that synthesize fluorescent carbon quantum dot molten
Liquid is placed it in 4 DEG C of refrigerator and is saved backup.
The investigation of carbon quantum dot synthesis condition
The investigation of 1.1 reactant amount ratios
In order to study in building-up process, the dosage of carbon source and reaction medium to synthesizing the influence of the fluorescence property of C-dots,
Be 0.10g by the fixed arginic quality of carbon source therefore in synthesis, be separately added into 10,15,20,25,30,35,40mL water in
6h is reacted at 180 DEG C, synthesizes the fluorescence spectrum and intensity of C-dots solution.As shown in Figure 1, when one timing of arginine dosage, with
The increase of water volume, the presentation of C-dots solution fluorescence intensity first enhances the trend weakened afterwards；When 20mL water is added, C- is synthesized
The fluorescence intensity level of dots solution is maximum, therefore experimental selection adds the optimal proportion of 20mL water to be synthesized with 0.10g arginine.
The investigation of 1.2 reaction temperatures
Experiment find, reaction temperature to synthesize C-dots solution fluorescence property have a great impact, therefore to synthesis when
Reaction temperature is investigated.The fluorescence spectrum of the C-dots synthesized under conditions of 160,170,180,190,200 DEG C respectively
And intensity, shown in figure (Fig. 2), reaction temperature is too high or too low to be unfavorable for synthesizing fluorescence C-dots, this may be because of temperature
It spends the low carbonization for being unfavorable for carbon source and forms carbon quantum dot particle, and temperature is excessively high, may lead to small formed that be excessively carbonized
Grain occurs to reunite and influence fluorescence intensity.The experimental result shows that fluorescence is the strongest at 180 DEG C, therefore selects 180 DEG C and be
Best reaction temperature.
The investigation in 1.3 reaction time
In order to confirm that the reaction time can have an impact the fluorescence intensity of C-dots, thus synthesis when to different reactions when
Between investigated.The fluorescence spectrum and intensity of the C-dots synthesized at 4-9h.From the figure 3, it may be seen that increasing with the reaction time, C-
Dots fluorescence intensities gradually increase；Maximum value is reached to 6h or so；Subsequent fluorescence intensity continuously decreases.Therefore, experimental selection is best
Generated time is 6h.
Two, the characterization of carbon quantum dot
(1) ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy：The maximum of synthesized material is measured using UV-2550 ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometers
Absorption peak does blank with ultra-pure water, and the wave-length coverage of scanning is 200-600nm, and the slit width of scanning is 2.0nm.
(2) fluorescence spectrum：Cary Eclipse fluophotometers are selected to measure the fluorescence spectrum of synthesized C-dots, institute
Excitation is 295nm, and excitation and transmite slit width are 5nm.
(3) infrared spectrum：Using 6700 type Fourier transform infrared spectrometers of Nicolet, in the condition of nitrogen protection
Under, the C-dots solids being dried to obtain are mixed with KBr and be ground into superfine powder, tabletting are carried out at 15000psi, so
Carry out the scanning of infrared spectrum again afterwards, the wave-number range of scanning is 4000-500cm-1。
(4) x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)：Select U.S. Thermo ESCALAB 250Xi, monochromatic Al Ka (hv=
1486.6eV), power 150W, 500 μm of beam spots；In conjunction with can be calibrated with C1s 284.8.
2.1 carbon quantum dot ultraviolet-visibles and spectrofluorimetry
A is the ultra-violet absorption spectrum for synthesizing C-dots in Fig. 4, it can be seen that carbon dots have apparent absorption in 300nm or so
Peak, this may be to show that there are C=C structures caused by the transition of π → π *.B is that C-dots is in excitation wavelength in Fig. 4
Emission spectrum under 295nm, maximum emission peak are located at 345nm.The another excitation wavelength that changes measures its emission spectrum, acquired results
It is found that the change of excitation wavelength will cause fluorescence intensity to change correspondingly, but can't cause the apparent motion of emission spectrum position,
Show that the C-dots ingredients of synthesis are single, have good homogeneity.C-dots solution will be prepared and place 3 in 4 DEG C of refrigerators
Without generating precipitation after month, fluorescence intensity is also held essentially constant, and showing that the C-dots solution of synthesis can preserve steadily in the long term makes
With.
Again according to the not influence to fluorescence intensity to the C-dots solution of same volume, the experimental results showed that, with carbon amounts
The increase of son point liquor capacity, fluorescence intensity also gradually increase, and peak position is also without apparent motion.Further study showed that C-dots
Good linear relationship, linear equation I=0.8900V+ is presented with the volume (V) of its solution in the fluorescence intensity (I) of solution
67.06, related coefficient 0.9960.Show that the fluorescence is generated by the C-dots solution synthesized.And it will make in experimentation
Reagent such as water, arginic aqueous solution is measured under identical conditions, fluorescence phenomenon is not observed, also from side
It illustrates to successfully synthesize the carbon quantum dot with strong stability fluorescent characteristic.
The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of 2.2 carbon quantum dots is analyzed
Experiment characterizes L-arginine and synthesis C-dots using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, as a result such as Fig. 4
(a) and shown in (b).As seen from the figure, carbon dots are in 3420cm-1And 1091cm-1There is the stretching vibration of O-H and C-O in place, this can
Raw material L-arginine can be come from.1650cm-1There is the stretching vibration of C=O and C=C in place.2950cm-1、1390cm-1With
2095cm-1Place is respectively the stretching vibration of C-H, C=N.
2.3 carbon quantum dot elemental analyses
Further to analyze the element composition and structure of functional groups that prepare C-dots, we have carried out X to it and have penetrated
The measurement of photoelectron spectra, the results are shown in Figure 4.Fig. 4 (A) is the full spectrograms of XPS of carbon quantum dot, 285.8,400.6,
531.0eV having apparent three peaks, respectively C1s, N1s, O1s.Wherein, C1s swarmings are fitted, three peaks can be obtained and be located at
284.5eV, 285.3eV, 288.1eV (Fig. 4 (B)) correspond to C-C/C=C, C-N, C=O.Carrying out swarming to N1s can obtain
Two peaks 398.9eV, 399.9eV (Fig. 4 (C)), correspond to C-N-C, C-N respectively.O1s is subjected to peak-fit processing, obtain 530.8eV,
Two peaks 531.6eV (Fig. 4 (D)), have corresponded to C-O, C=O respectively.The presence of these oxygen-containing groups illustrates that carbon quantum dot has very well
Water solubility, it is as a result almost the same with infrared spectrum characterization.
Three, detection method
Fluorescence probe of 3.1 carbon quantum dots as detection dopamine
Fig. 4 is the preparation process of fluorescent carbon quantum dot and the schematic diagram of fluorescence sense detection dopamine.It is with L-arginine
Carbon source has synthesized the carbon quantum dot solution with fluorescent both energy by one step hydro thermal method.Hand is characterized through infrared spectrum, XPS etc.
Section proves that its surface mainly contains the functional groups such as great amount of hydroxy group, carbonyl.Experiment is found, when dopamine is added, synthesizes carbon quantum
The fluorescence of point solution has occurred apparent Quenching, and further study showed that, content and the C-dots that dopamine is added are molten
Good linear relationship is presented in the fluorescent quenching efficiency of liquid, based on this using the C-dots aqueous solutions of preparation as detection dopamine
Fluorescence probe.Experiment is also optimized the conditions such as pH, C-dots dosage, reaction temperature and time, best what is obtained
The content of dopamine in injection sample and urine sample is detected under experiment condition.
Detection dopamine is as follows：The phosphate of 800 μ L C-dots solution, 1000 μ L pH=8.0 is slow
The dopamine stock solution (1.00mM) or other interfering substances for rushing solution and different volumes sequentially add in 5mL centrifuge tubes,
It is used in combination ultra-pure water to be settled to 4mL, then shakes up and balance 2.5h at 45 DEG C, finally in λexIts fluorescence intensity is measured when=295nm.
3.2 the optimization of testing conditions
3.2.1 system optimization pH
Experiment finds that the fluorescent quenching of carbon quantum dot is less efficient, therefore has mainly investigated pH herein in acid condition
Influence of the acidity to system in 6.0-8.5.With C-dots solution, fluorescence intensity level is F at 345nm0, after dopamine is added
The fluorescence intensity of system is F, with relative intensity of fluorescence value (F0/ F) it is quantitative criterion.Experimental implementation is as follows：In 7 centrifuge tubes
It is separately added into 800 μ L C-dots solution, the phosphate buffer solution of 1000 μ L difference pH value and the DOPA of 150 μ L 1.00mM
Amine storing solution adds water constant volume to 4mL, balances 2.5h at 45 DEG C after mixing, measures its fluorescence intensity, as a result such as Fig. 5 (A)
It is shown：Increase with pH, the fluorescent quenching efficiency of system gradually increases；As pH=8.0, quenching efficiency reaches maximum value；Continue to increase
Big pH keeps stablizing after the fluorescent quenching efficiency slightly reduction of system.Therefore, the pH of the optimum detection dopamine of experimental selection is
8.0。
3.2.2 the selection of carbon quantum dot dosage
The dosage of C-dots not only influences its fluorescence intensity, can also cause to show to the sensitivity of its reactivity and detection
Writing influences, therefore in the case that remaining condition is consistent, carbon dots dosage is investigated in experiment, as a result as shown in Fig. 5 (B).
As can be seen from the figure：When carbon quantum dot dosage is 800 μ L, for fluorescent quenching efficiency value up to maximum, reaction is most sensitive.C-
Dots dosages are too low or therefore the excessively high raising for being all unfavorable for fluorescent quenching efficiency selects 800 μ L for best C-dots herein
Dosage.
3.2.3 the investigation of reaction temperature and time
During fluorescence analysis measures, the influence of temperature and time is also extremely important, therefore, the case where remaining condition is consistent
Under, influence of the reaction time to system fluorescent quenching efficiency is investigated at 25,35,45,55 DEG C respectively herein, such as Fig. 5 (C) institute
Show.It can be seen from the figure that temperature is higher, the faster of progress is reacted, quenching efficiency is in first to increase becoming of being held essentially constant afterwards
Gesture.Since when the temperature is excessively high, the fluorescent strength determining value deviation of C-dots solution is larger, therefore, considers, final choice is most
Good reaction temperature is 45 DEG C, reaction time 2.5h.
3.2.4 response of the coexisting substances to system
In order to verify whether the fluorescence probe designed herein based on C-dots Fluorescence Quenching Principles has detection dopamine
It is selective, carry out interference test.It is main to have investigated in urine sample and injection sample substance that may be present to system
It influences, the results are shown in Figure 6.It was found that as glucose, lactose, oxalic acid, L-cysteine, L-Histidine, L-lysine, urea, K+、Mg2+、100 times of a concentration of dopamine when, as ascorbic acid, Zn2+、Ca2+A concentration of DOPA
At 20 times of amine, will not interference be generated to the measurement of dopamine.It can be seen that the chaff interferent coexisted in common actual sample
Matter substantially will not have an impact the detection of dopamine.
3.3 methodological study
The drafting of standard curve
In obtained optimal detection condition i.e. pH=8.0 phosphate buffer solutions, carbon dots dosage is 800 μ L, 45 DEG C of conditions
Lower reaction 2.5 hours, is added the Dopamine hydrochloride solution of different volumes, and it is respectively 0.00,0.50,0.75 to make its ultimate density,
It 2.50,5.00,7.50,12.50,17.50,25.00,32.50,40.00,50.00,60.00,75.00 and 100.00 μM, measures
Its fluorescence intensity.The increase with dopamine concentration is can be seen that from the fluorescence spectrum of system, the fluorescence intensity of system gradually drops
It is low；With a concentration of abscissas of DA, fluorescent quenching degree (F0/ F) it is that ordinate draws standard curve.It is F to obtain linear equation0/F
=0.0206C+1.0091 (R=0.9995).Show dopamine concentration within the scope of 0.50~100.00 μM with the fluorescence of carbon dots
Good linear relationship is presented in quenching degree, and detection limit (3 σ/K) is 93nM.
The detection of dopamine, recovery of standard addition and precision test in actual sample
This method is applied to the analysis detection of dopamine in dopamine hydrochloride injection, urine, passes through recovery of standard addition
And the measurement of precision, demonstrate the practicability of this method.
Sample treatment：Dopamine hydrochloride injection (10mg/mL) is directly bought from Hospital, and 1mL is taken to be diluted with ultra-pure water
To 250mL, 0.45 μm of miillpore filter is crossed, filtrate saves backup；Normal adults urine sample is collected, 5mL is pipetted, uses pH=
8.0 phosphate buffer solution is diluted to 50mL, crosses 0.45 μm of miillpore filter, collects filtrate and saves backup.
The rate of recovery and Precision Experiment：To prove the accuracy and precision of this method, by basic, normal, high three concentration water
Flat dopamine is added separately in real sample, and it is respectively 2.50 μ Μ, 5.00 μ Μ, 7.50 μ Μ to make its ultimate density, has been carried out time
Yield is tested, and each sample parallel determination 5 times the results are shown in Table 2-3.The rate of recovery and relative standard deviation be respectively 100.29%~
104.21% and 0.47%~5.42%, it is as a result satisfactory.It is more in actual sample to show that the method established herein can be applied to
The quantitative detection of bar amine.
The rate of recovery of dopamine and Precision Experiment result (n=5) in 1 actual sample of table
Method compares
The range of linearity and detection limit of the detection dopamine method of document proposition are listed in table 1.Method proposed in this paper
In contrast, detection limit is relatively low, though the range of linearity is not widest, actually detected needs can be met.And this method is simple, green
Color, quickly, it is accurate, there is certain advantage.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of fluorescence probe for dopamine determination, which is characterized in that the probe is using L-arginine as carbon source, using water
The carbon quantum dot with hyperfluorescence transmitting of hot method one-step synthesis.
2. a kind of preparation method of fluorescence probe for dopamine determination, which is characterized in that include the following steps：Weigh smart ammonia
Acid is added ultrapure water dissolution, is transferred in reaction kettle after mixing, reacts 4-8h at 160-200 DEG C, naturally cools to room
Reaction solution is crossed 0.22 μm of miillpore filter by Wen Hou, and filtrate is to synthesize fluorescent carbon quantum dot solution, places it in 4 DEG C of refrigerator
In save backup, you can.
3. the preparation method for the fluorescence probe of dopamine determination as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described is anti-
It is 180 DEG C to answer the temperature in kettle.
4. being used for the fluorescence probe of dopamine determination as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the dopamine determination side
Method includes the following steps：
A, by 800 μ L C-dots solution, the phosphate buffer solution of 1000 μ L pH=8.0 and the 1.00mM of different volumes are more
Bar amine stock solution sequentially adds in 5mL centrifuge tubes, is used in combination ultra-pure water to be settled to 4mL, then shakes up and balance 2.5h at 45 DEG C,
Finally its fluorescence intensity is measured in λ ex=295nm；
B, standard curve is drawn；
C, DOPAMINE CONTENT IN RABBIT is calculated.
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