CN108411895A - Pipe row's pump mud injected foundation processing method - Google Patents

Pipe row's pump mud injected foundation processing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108411895A
CN108411895A CN201810148959.8A CN201810148959A CN108411895A CN 108411895 A CN108411895 A CN 108411895A CN 201810148959 A CN201810148959 A CN 201810148959A CN 108411895 A CN108411895 A CN 108411895A
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China
Prior art keywords
grouting
mud
slip casting
pipe
curing agent
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Pending
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CN201810148959.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
龚红旗
沙励
吴海波
刘剑
陈超
杨颖�
李建
朱亚娟
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Shanghai Bay Infrastructure Construction (group) Ltd By Share Ltd
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Shanghai Bay Infrastructure Construction (group) Ltd By Share Ltd
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Priority to CN201810148959.8A priority Critical patent/CN108411895A/en
Publication of CN108411895A publication Critical patent/CN108411895A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/02Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
    • E02D15/04Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, bore-holes or narrow shafts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of pipes to arrange pump mud injected foundation processing method, including:Grouting Pipe merging need to be handled into soil layer, row pattern is formed by appropriate spacing;In the top of row pattern Grouting Pipe setting connection transverse tube, connection transverse tube is further connected to grouting pump, forms grouting pipeline system;Mud curing agent mixed liquor is made using pulping equipment, soil layer need to be handled by being pumped by grouting pipeline system;Slip casting is pumped into, to ensure the unimpeded of later stage grouting pipeline at the end of using clean plasm;According to first time grouting process, repeatedly slip casting, until reaching design requirement by processing soil layer.The present invention greatly reduces construction cost, and the slip casting simultaneously of multiple multiple spot may be implemented in pipe row's grouting pipeline system, greatly improves construction efficiency, shortens construction period using mud curing agent mixed liquor as injecting paste material.Meanwhile the compensatory slip casting of dynamic in real time is repeated several times in single-point, solve due to lasting foundation deformation, soil erosion, surface subsidence and the foundation construction that occurs protects problem.

Description

Pipe row's pump mud injected foundation processing method
Technical field
The invention belongs to foundation stabilization or protective treatment technical fields, specifically, being to arrange pump mud slip casting about a kind of pipe Method for processing foundation.
Background technology
In Foundation Treatment, situations such as being frequently encountered settlement of foundation cracking, soil erosion, underground opening.At present Common compaction grouting technique carries out basement process.
Compaction grouting refers to that the soil body is poured into the hole crept into foundation soil in advance and pressed to very thick slurries, in slip casting Place forms slurry bubble, and the soil body around the diffusion couple of slurries generates compression.Slurry is completely instead of the soil body of range of grouting, in slip casting There are big plastically deforming areas for proximity, and flexible deformation occurs for the region soil body of syneresis bubble farther out, thus the density of soil obviously increases Add.
Compaction grouting is to pour into the larger cement mortar or chemical grout of concentration, slurries when slip casting starts using higher pressure Larger gap is always first filled, soil body hole is then penetrated under larger pressure.It is squeezed as soil layer pore water pressure increases Firming body is generated and is cleaved until there is shearing crack, and slurries fill crack therewith, forms slurry arteries and veins so that formed newly in the soil body Mesh skeleton structure.Arteries and veins is starched in forming process due to occupying a part of space in the soil body, in addition soil layer inner pore is by slurries It is permeated, thus the soil body is compacted, new slurry arteries and veins composite foundation is constituted, improves the intensity and barrier performance of the soil body, simultaneously Also the physico-mechanical properties for changing the soil body improve the bearing capacity of soft soil foundation.
It is formed about slurry bubble in slip casting tube end, when the diameter of slurry bubble is smaller, grouting pressure is substantially along the radial direction of drilling Extension.With the gradual increase of slurry bubble size, just generates larger upper lifting force and ground is made to lift.
Compaction grouting is usually used in middle sandy ground base and clay foundation, if there is suitable drainage condition that can also adopt in clay ground With.When may cause high pore water pressure in the soil body such as draining difficulty, then very low slip casting rate must be taken.Densification fills Slurry can be used for unsaturated soil body, and underpinning technique is carried out and in heavy excavation or tunnel excavation to neighbour to adjust differential settlement Nearly soil is reinforced.
It is applicable in geology:Unsaturated water geological stratification.Cohesive soil, sand clay.
Compaction grouting is disadvantageous in that:
1, construction cost is high:Since injecting paste material uses cement mortar or chemical grout, injecting paste material cost often to reach 80% or more mortar depositing construction cost.
It 2, can only single slip casting:Injecting cement paste solidification after Cheng Shizhuan, with hole position can only once grouting molding, cannot repeatedly dynamic Slip casting.
It 3, can only single-pipe grouting:Compaction grouting is primary only to carry out slip casting to a floral tube, and slip casting efficiency is low, and slurries cannot Multiple spot realizes dynamic equilibrium adjustment.
4, the scope of application is insufficient:To mud or the ground of water conservation, moisturizing, the flexible mud sealing of holding is needed to protect not It is applicable in.
5, dynamic information construction cannot be repeated:Many times, the soil erosion, surface subsidence of ground, foundation deformation are One long process will also generate new sedimentation and deformation, this is just needed after disposable slip casting compensates foundation deformation and soil erosion Compensatory mortar depositing construction is wanted to accomplish to repeat real-time dynamic information, traditional disposable grouting process can not solve this very well Problem.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention be that improve present in existing press injecting method it is of high cost, be unable to real-time compensation etc. and lack Point, to provide a kind of pipe row pump mud injected foundation processing method.
To achieve the above object, use following solution of the invention:
A kind of pipe row pump mud injected foundation processing method, includes the following steps:
Step 1, it is placed in Grouting Pipe:Grouting Pipe merging need to be handled into soil layer, row pattern is formed by appropriate spacing;
Step 2, installing pipe heat-extraction system:In the top of row pattern Grouting Pipe setting connection transverse tube, connection transverse tube further passes through Steel compiles pipe and is connected to grouting pump, forms grouting pipeline system;
Step 3, slurrying:Using pulping equipment, add water stirring that mud is made in mud or bentonite, and it is solid to mix mud Agent forms mud curing agent mixed liquor, and by weight percentage, the addition of sludge curing agent is the 5%~15% of mud;
Step 4, first time slip casting:Mud curing agent mixed liquor is pumped by grouting pipeline system need to handle soil layer, and Real time monitoring;
Step 5, the unimpeded maintenance of pipeline:Slip casting is pumped at the end of using the clean plasm for not mixing sludge curing agent, to protect Demonstrate,prove the unimpeded of later stage grouting pipeline;
Step 6, slip casting is repeated:As ground constantly deforms in construction, slip casting compensation is carried out in real time, is noted according to first time Sizing process, repeatedly slip casting, until reaching design requirement by processing soil layer.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the pulp making operations of the step 3, mud curing agent mixed liquor obtained Specific gravity control is 1.2~1.4.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the first time slip casting of the step 4, first with without the clear of sludge curing agent Slip casting is starched, mud curing agent mixing liquid grout is then gradually switched to.
According to the present invention, the real time monitoring in the step 4 includes that monitoring foundation deformation compensates situation, mud curing agent mixes It closes the amount of being pumped into of liquid and whether there is a situation where grouts.
According to the present invention, when there is aperture grout or foundation deformation, loss, hole have been compensated when, stop note Slurry.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, further include the result to preceding once grouting before the repetition slip casting of the step 6 The step of being detected.
According to the present invention, the detection refers to whether reaching design requirement by processing soil layer after once grouting before detecting.
According to the present invention, time of the detection is 3~5 days after preceding once grouting, or produces apparent new Foundation deformation.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step 4 and step 6, grouting pressure is controlled in 0.5~2MPa.
Pipe row's pump mud injected foundation processing method of the present invention has the advantages that:
What 1, the present invention was initiative mixes mud curing agent mixed liquor made of sludge curing agent with mud or bentonite is Injecting paste material uses cement mortar or chemical sizwe, cost to significantly reduce about 60%, and can reach using tradition compared to existing The identical construction effect of injecting paste material.
2, pipe row's grouting pipeline system that the present invention designs, may be implemented the slip casting simultaneously of multiple multiple spot, greatly improves and apply Work efficiency rate, shortens construction period.
3, being repeated as many times of slip casting, real-time compensation, dynamic information may be implemented in grouting process of the invention, so as to The dynamic information of soil erosion, surface subsidence, foundation deformation during enough solving a stage under persistent state is constructed.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of Grouting Pipe.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of pulping equipment.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of pipe row's pump mud slip casting.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, pipe row's pump mud injected foundation processing method of the present invention is made with specific embodiment further detailed It describes in detail bright.It should be understood that following embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention not for restriction the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, principles and methods
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of Grouting Pipe used in pipe row's pump mud injected foundation processing method of the present invention.As shown, Grouting Pipe uses the steel floral tube 10 of diameter 42mm, thickness 4mm, and injected hole 11 is uniformly opened up within the scope of 2 meters of the rear end of steel floral tube 10, The aperture of injected hole 11 is preferably 5mm;The bottom of steel floral tube 10 is set as cone point 12, facilitates insertion into soil layer.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the pulping equipment of the present invention.As shown, pulping equipment includes the slurrying pond 20 being disposed adjacent With pulp storage tank 30, and the agitator 50 that is connect with pulp storage tank 30 by stock line 60, wherein slurrying pond 20 and pulp storage tank 30 Between be equipped with slurry channel 40 so that injecting paste material obtained can pass through slurry channel 40 and enter pulp storage tank 30 and stores up in slurrying pond 20 It deposits;The top in slurrying pond 20 is equipped with agitating device 21, and the agitating paddle of agitating device 21 stretches into slurrying pond 20;Pulp storage tank 30 it is upper Side is equipped with pump for mortar transmission 31, the injecting paste material in pulp storage tank 30 is delivered to agitator 50, agitator 50 by stock line 60 It is equipped with another agitating device 51, for being stirred for uniformly before injecting paste material leads to grouting pump.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of pipe row's pump mud injected foundation processing method of the present invention.As shown, several are noted first The slurry pipe insertion of (steel floral tube) 10 need to be handled in the soil body, and more Grouting Pipes 10 form row pattern (pipe row) at suitable intervals;More notes The upper end hose 80 of slurry pipe 10 is connected to a horizontal transverse-pipe 70, and horizontal transverse-pipe 70 further compiles pipe 90 by steel and is connected to note Stock pump 100 forms the higher injecting cement paste of intensity 200 after the completion of slip casting on the injected hole periphery of Grouting Pipe 100.
In the present invention, injecting paste material is that mud or a small amount of sludge curing agent of bentonite incorporation are formulated mud curing agent and mix Close liquid:First add water stirring that mud is made in mud or bentonite, then by the 5~15% of mud weight, sludge curing agent is added, stirs Mud curing agent mixed liquor (injecting paste material) is obtained after mixing uniformly;The sludge curing agent can be for example cement or other Common curing agent in field.Preferably, the specific gravity control of the mud curing agent mixed liquor is 1.2~1.4.
When pipe row pump mud grouting process using the present invention is constructed, Grouting Pipe, installing pipe heat-extraction system, system are first plugged Then slurry relies on grouting pump to carry out slip casting to soil layer by pipe heat-extraction system, grouting pressure is controlled in 0.5~2MPa;Each slip casting When, first using the clean plasm without sludge curing agent, then gradually switch to mud curing agent mixed liquor;It is supervised in real time during slip casting Control, including monitoring foundation deformation compensates situation, the amount of being pumped into of mud curing agent mixed liquor and whether there is a situation where grouts;When There is aperture grout or foundation deformation, when loss, hole have been compensated, stops slip casting;It is changed to use before stopping slip casting Clean plasm slip casting terminates again, and concentration of hydraulic mixture is gradually reduced, so that slip casting stops remaining mud in grouting behind shaft or drift lining pipeline and is free of curing agent, Ensure the unimpeded of later stage grouting pipeline;Construction effect is checked after 3~5 days, and design requirement, or production are such as not achieved by processing soil layer Apparent new settlement of foundation and deformation have been given birth to, then has repeated the above grouting operation, until reaching design requirement.
Embodiment 2, pipe row's pump mud mortar depositing construction
2 × 60MW grades of certain high and new technology industrial development zone Distribution of Natural formula energy source station project has one layer of seabed shell at 6-8 meters of basement process Sedimentary, shell matter content 50~60%, about 2 meters of thickness belong to pervious bed, will seriously affect vacuum preloading quality, needs to carry out Isolation processing, otherwise design requirement will be not achieved in basement process vacuum degree and settling amount.
And need to take measures there are one soft-shelled turtle pond is supported in disposal field west side, prevent foundation deformation, the water and soil stream of supporting soft-shelled turtle pond It loses, subsidence crack.
Conventional scheme may be used compaction grouting+mud stirring wall and carry out protective treatment.
But consider that its disadvantage is as follows:
A, conventional grouting process uses neat slurry, it is likely that will have an adverse effect to young soft-shelled turtle;
B, conventional slip casting cannot carry out being repeated as many times slip casting in real time, cannot be carried out well as ground Continuous Settlement deforms Real-time compensation;
C, conventional mud stirring wall cost is excessively high, and the duration is long;
D, current place cannot be satisfied the operation side of the big machinery of mud stirring wall construction.
It is studied through inquiring into, determines " slip casting of pipe row's pump mud " technique using the present invention, carry out construction of prevention work.
Preliminary design arrangement and method for construction is as follows:
1, mud injection pipe uses 32 steel floral tubes of Φ, and 8 meters of length, 2 meters of bottom end trepanning length, 1.5 meters of spacing, row pattern is set to close It seals at ditch.
2, on-site slurry is prepared, and specific gravity control is 1.2~1.4;It is suitably added mud curing agent, curing agent blending amount is mud Starch the 5~15% of weight.
3, antiseepage grouting:It is equivalent to mud stirring wall, plays sealing, isolation, antiseepage.Single single hole note mud amount reaches The rear termination of one of following standard:A, single hole slip casting 0.5m3;B, aperture grout.
4, compensation and grouting:Be equivalent to traditional compaction grouting, rise compensation protective action, prevent erosion, settlement of foundation, It cracks in face.Start slip casting when finding that apparent sedimentation and deformation occurs in ground by monitoring, foundation deformation cracking stops after being compensated.
Specific construction technique is as follows:
1, construction pump mud pipe
Grouting Pipe (steel floral tube) is made of galvanizing pipe, and tip is made in bottom, and 8 meters long, injected hole, hole are opened in 2 meters of bottom end Diameter 5cm;
It ditches on the outside of vacuum preloading process range line, is constructed using digging machine, 2 meters of trench depth is 1 meter wide, forms guide channel;
It is pressed into steel floral tube with digging machine bucket at guide channel center, 8 meters of spray of molten steel pipe range, 1.5 meters of spacing, pipe end is higher by bottom of trench 20cm;
2, pipe system is installed
Grouting Pipe push pipe interface housing connects steel and compiles pipe, and iron wire is used in combination to bind;
It connects steel and compiles 0.5 meter of length of tube, steel floral tube is inserted in one end, and one end connects slip casting transverse tube;
Pipe row is formed after connection, slip casting transverse tube is compiled pipe by steel and connect with grouting pump.
3, mud agent
Mud slurrying pond is set, and wide 4 meters long 1 meter of the 6 meters of depths in slurrying pond above set pulping equipment;
Using mud slurrying within the scope of place, bentonite also can be suitably purchased;
Concentration of hydraulic mixture control is between proportion is 1.2~1.4;
Sludge curing agent is added according to on-site actual situations, sludge curing agent incorporation is the 5~15% of mud weight.
4, antiseepage grouting
Clean plasm slip casting is first used, is gradually changed to mud curing agent mixed liquor afterwards;
Grouting pressure is controlled in 0.5~2MPa;
It was found that when aperture grout or single hole grouting amount are more than 0.5m3, stop this slip casting;
It when determining to stop slip casting, is changed to again terminate using clean plasm slip casting, so that remaining in slip casting stopping grouting behind shaft or drift lining pipeline Mud is free of curing agent, ensures the unimpeded of later stage grouting pipeline;
5, compensation and grouting
After previous slip casting, and groundwork detection and monitoring are carried out in real time, find new soil erosion, foundation settlement deformation occur When, next slip casting is carried out in time, repeats " the obviously deformation-mortar depositing construction-monitoring of monitoring-ground " process, until no longer generating new Soil erosion and foundation settlement deformation until.
Treatment effect:
After the engineering method of the taken present invention is sealed isolation construction, place vacuum preloading vacuum degree has reached design requirement 80kPa or more, basement process quality reach design requirement, achieve good economic effect and mass effect.
Compared to existing similar construction method, pipe using the present invention row's pump mud grouting construction method, cost reduction is about 70%.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of pipe row pump mud injected foundation processing method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1, it is placed in Grouting Pipe:Grouting Pipe merging need to be handled into soil layer, row pattern is formed by appropriate spacing;
Step 2, installing pipe heat-extraction system:In the top of row pattern Grouting Pipe setting connection transverse tube, connection transverse tube is further compiled by steel Pipe is connected to grouting pump, forms grouting pipeline system;
Step 3, slurrying:Using pulping equipment, add water stirring that mud is made in mud or bentonite, and mix sludge solidification Agent forms mud curing agent mixed liquor, and by weight percentage, the addition of sludge curing agent is the 5%~15% of mud;
Step 4, first time slip casting:Mud curing agent mixed liquor is pumped by grouting pipeline system need to handle soil layer, and in real time Monitoring;
Step 5, the unimpeded maintenance of pipeline:Slip casting is pumped into, after guarantee at the end of using the clean plasm for not mixing sludge curing agent Phase grouting pipeline it is unimpeded;
Step 6, slip casting is repeated:According to first time grouting process, repeatedly slip casting, wanted until reaching design by processing soil layer It asks.
2. pipe row pump mud injected foundation processing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the slurrying of the step 3 In operation, the specific gravity control of mud curing agent mixed liquor obtained is 1.2~1.4.
3. pipe row pump mud injected foundation processing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first of the step 4 When secondary slip casting, first with the clean plasm slip casting without sludge curing agent, then gradually switch to mud curing agent mixing liquid grout.
4. pipe row pump mud injected foundation processing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reality in the step 4 When monitoring include monitoring mud curing agent mixed liquor the amount of being pumped into and whether there is a situation where grouts.
5. pipe according to claim 4 row's pump mud injected foundation processing method, which is characterized in that when occur aperture grout, Or soil erosion and settlement of foundation stop slip casting when being compensated.
6. pipe row pump mud injected foundation processing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the repetition of the step 6 Further include the steps that being detected to the result of preceding once grouting before slip casting.
7. pipe row pump mud injected foundation processing method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the detection refers to detection Whether design requirement is reached by processing soil layer after preceding once grouting.
8. pipe according to claim 6 row's pump mud injected foundation processing method, which is characterized in that the time of the detection is 3~5 days after preceding once grouting, or produce apparent new settlement of foundation and deformation.
9. pipe row pump mud injected foundation processing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 4 and step 6 In, grouting pressure is controlled in 0.5~2MPa.
CN201810148959.8A 2018-02-13 2018-02-13 Pipe row's pump mud injected foundation processing method Pending CN108411895A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113373951A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-09-10 杭州交投建设工程有限公司 Silt slope stability control method for slope stabilization by using chemical improvement reagent
CN113373950A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-09-10 杭州交投建设工程有限公司 Chemically improved curtain and well point dewatering foundation pit water stop structure and construction method
CN115959882A (en) * 2022-12-12 2023-04-14 哈尔滨师范大学 Charcoal powder slurry for permafrost, grouting method and grouting device

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CN1243903A (en) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-09 强化土工程株式会社 Multi-dot foundation filling method and apparatus
CN101694096A (en) * 2009-10-13 2010-04-14 广东省基础工程公司 Treatment method for grouting sand-layer foundation on the condition of flowing water
JP2011106148A (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-06-02 Fudo Tetra Corp Soil improving method and soil improving structure
CN102206939A (en) * 2011-04-26 2011-10-05 李燕青 Method for processing soft soil foundation of high vacuum drainage filter pipe capable of being grouted
CN103205962A (en) * 2013-04-27 2013-07-17 杨众 Grouting lifting method of subsided terrace
CN104452740A (en) * 2014-11-21 2015-03-25 淮海工学院 Method for reinforcing and treating liquefied sandy soil foundation
CN106013051A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-10-12 深圳市宏业基基础工程有限公司 Special clay curing liquid deep stirring method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1243903A (en) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-09 强化土工程株式会社 Multi-dot foundation filling method and apparatus
CN101694096A (en) * 2009-10-13 2010-04-14 广东省基础工程公司 Treatment method for grouting sand-layer foundation on the condition of flowing water
JP2011106148A (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-06-02 Fudo Tetra Corp Soil improving method and soil improving structure
CN102206939A (en) * 2011-04-26 2011-10-05 李燕青 Method for processing soft soil foundation of high vacuum drainage filter pipe capable of being grouted
CN103205962A (en) * 2013-04-27 2013-07-17 杨众 Grouting lifting method of subsided terrace
CN104452740A (en) * 2014-11-21 2015-03-25 淮海工学院 Method for reinforcing and treating liquefied sandy soil foundation
CN106013051A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-10-12 深圳市宏业基基础工程有限公司 Special clay curing liquid deep stirring method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113373951A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-09-10 杭州交投建设工程有限公司 Silt slope stability control method for slope stabilization by using chemical improvement reagent
CN113373950A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-09-10 杭州交投建设工程有限公司 Chemically improved curtain and well point dewatering foundation pit water stop structure and construction method
CN115959882A (en) * 2022-12-12 2023-04-14 哈尔滨师范大学 Charcoal powder slurry for permafrost, grouting method and grouting device
CN115959882B (en) * 2022-12-12 2024-06-25 哈尔滨师范大学 Biological carbon powder slurry for permafrost, grouting method and grouting device

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Application publication date: 20180817