CN108408709A - A kind of preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108408709A CN108408709A CN201810275574.8A CN201810275574A CN108408709A CN 108408709 A CN108408709 A CN 108408709A CN 201810275574 A CN201810275574 A CN 201810275574A CN 108408709 A CN108408709 A CN 108408709A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation processes of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material, are completed by following steps：The higher iron powder of purity and manganese powder are selected, granularity selection is in 20 mesh between 20000 mesh；According to certain mass than choosing manganese powder, iron powder, phosphoric acid and lithium source solution, dilution, which is placed in acid-resistant reactor, stirs, and iron powder, manganese powder and phosphoric acid is made fully to react；Lithium source solution is added in obtained reaction precursor slurry to stir, selected lithium source solution is soluble lithium source lithium hydroxide or lithium acetate；Obtained slurry is transferred to reaction kettle, starts hydro-thermal reaction；The slurry obtained after reaction is separated by solid-liquid separation, and the solid phosphoric acid ferromanganese lithium isolated carries out inclusion carbonization annealing, and iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material is made.Compared with prior art, cost of the present invention is relatively low, and technological operation is convenient, and the iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material commercial value not only made is higher, but also manufacturing process does not pollute, and meets the requirement currently to environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of chemical material synthesizing technology, and in particular to a kind of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate crystalline lithium
The preparation process of material.
Background technology
With the high speed development of electric vehicle, the gradually expansion of 3C, the energy storage market demand also put forward the energy density of material
Higher requirement is gone out.Although ternary material energy density is higher but safety problem is not well solved so far, system
It is standby to need a large amount of rare element cobalt.Although traditional LiFePO4 has environmental-friendly, safe, cheap a, system such as long-life
Row advantage, but the voltage of its 3.2V limits the performance of its energy density.Although lithium manganese phosphate has similar with LiFePO4
Olivine rock-steady structure, the also voltage platform with 4.1V, but its electric conductivity is particularly poor, belongs to insulator, it is difficult into
The effective charge and discharge of row limit its commercialization.In this context it is found that adulterating ferro element inside lithium manganese phosphate, iron and manganese
Arbitrary ratio dissolves each other, and can form solid solution, can change the electric conductivity of lithium manganese phosphate.
Invention content
To solve drawbacks described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline materials
Preparation process, cost of manufacture is relatively low, easy to operate, and the iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material commercial value not only made is higher, but also
Manufacturing process does not pollute, and meets the requirement currently to environmental protection.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate crystalline lithium
The chemical formula of the preparation process of material, the crystalline material is
LiFe (1-x) MnxPO4 (wherein 0.05≤x≤0.8), x indicate atomic ratio or molar ratio, when x is less than 0.05, master
Item is LiFePO4, and high voltage platform is almost without performance, and when x is more than 0.8, through multiple repetition test, its chemical property is anxious
Play deteriorates, and the reaction equation of the preparation process is
Fe+Mn+ H3PO4+LiOH → LiFe (1-X) MnXPO4+H2+H2O,
Wherein Fe indicates that iron powder, Mn indicate manganese powder, H3PO4 indicates that phosphoric acid, LiOH indicate lithium hydroxide solution,
Its preparation process includes the following steps：
1）The higher iron powder of purity and manganese powder, the particle size range of 20-20000 mesh of granularity selection, selection is selected to can guarantee reaction speed
Degree is more moderate, is easy to control, and reaction is excessively fierce when granularity is meticulous, is difficult to control；
2）By Fe：Mn：H3PO4：LiOH=(1-x)：x：1：The mass ratio of (1.01-1.1) weighs iron powder, manganese powder, phosphoric acid and lithium source
The dilution of iron powder, manganese powder and phosphoric acid is first placed in acid-resistant reactor and stirs, iron powder, manganese powder and phosphoric acid is made fully to react by solution,
Reaction time is 5-24 hours；
3）Step 2）In lithium source solution be added in obtained reaction precursor slurry stir, selected lithium source solution is can
Dissolubility lithium source lithium hydroxide or lithium acetate；
4）By step 3）Obtained slurry is transferred to reaction kettle, starts hydro-thermal reaction, and reaction temperature is 160-240 DEG C, and pressure is
0.6-2.5MPa, reaction time are 3-12 hours, and speed of agitator is between 80-1400r/min；
5）By step 4）In be separated by solid-liquid separation by the slurry obtained after hydro-thermal reaction, the solid phosphoric acid ferromanganese lithium isolated into
Row inclusion carbonization annealing, it is 550-850 degree that when annealing, which is passed through inert gas shielding or selection vacuum, annealing temperature, is moved back
The fiery time is 3-24 hours, and iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material is made.
Preferably, step 1）In selection iron powder and manganese powder reaction before using electrolysis, reduction or atomization process at
Reason.
Step 1）The middle granularity for choosing iron powder and manganese powder is in 200 mesh between 8000 mesh.
Step 2）In abundant reaction process, it is passed through with the oxidizing gas for improving reaction rate effect, the oxidation
Property gas be air or oxygen or ozone.
Step 2）In abundant reaction process, the organic acid for having and accelerating reaction balanced action is added, additional proportion is
0.1-1, which is citric acid or acetic acid or carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid.
Step 2）In abundant reaction process, acid-resistant reactor is heated, manganese powder and phosphoric acid is made to react completely, is heated
Temperature is 25-80 DEG C.
Step 3）It is middle that lithium source solution is added in such a way that stirring atomization is added.
Heating temperature to acid-resistant reactor is 35-60 DEG C.
Mode of heating to acid-resistant reactor is oil bath or water-bath or steam or far infrared or electrical heating.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：1）The present invention is through the above technical solutions, obtained pollution-free inexpensive manganese phosphate
Iron crystalline lithium material effectively raises the integral level of the material at this stage compared with traditional technology, and synthesis cost is very low,
As can be seen that raw material sources are nontoxic and cheap extensively from technical recipe；
2）The product quality of prior art is not integrally good enough, environmental pollution, discharges a large amount of waste water and gas, high energy consumption（Solid phase method is every
1 ton of product of production about discharges 350 cubes of carbon dioxide, and some also has ammonia, oxycarbide, nitrogen oxides, high-energy ball milling energy
Consumption is also very high, and power is all at 200KW/ hours or more）, and cost is high, and the technique that the present invention uses can be with
Change this situation, it is environment friendly and pollution-free；
3）Solid phase method is difficult to make qualified iron manganese phosphate for lithium, and conventional hydrothermal method needs the lithium hydroxide and molysite manganese of 3 times of input
Salt, not only recycling is difficult, pollutes, and lithium source price goes up for a long time, increases synthesis cost, and the present invention only needs to put into
1 times of lithium source, and the price of iron powder and manganese powder have synthesis equation to can be seen that the synthesis production of this technique also below molysite and manganese salt
Object is target product iron manganese phosphate for lithium, water and hydrogen, and hydrogen is as good clean energy resource, when heated as combustion well
Material；
4）The iron manganese phosphate for lithium chemical property that the present invention prepares is good, and grain size is at nanometer normal distribution；
5）The iron manganese phosphate for lithium that the present invention prepares, charge 162mah/g, and discharge 151mah/g, 1C 148 mah/g of electric discharge, material
Real density is up to 4.0g/cm3,Batch stable and consistent, multiplying power discharging property is good, and processing performance is good, can be competent at power battery to just
The high requirement of pole material effectively increases the energy density of positive electrode.
Description of the drawings
Below according to accompanying drawings and embodiments, the technical characteristic of the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is shape appearance figure of the iron manganese phosphate for lithium under Electronic Speculum in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the particle size distribution figure of iron manganese phosphate for lithium in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the XRD diagram of iron manganese phosphate for lithium in the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment one
A kind of preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material, includes the following steps：
1）By iron powder, manganese powder, phosphoric acid, according to molar ratio 0.3：0.7：1 is weighed, and phosphoric acid diluted concentration is 40%；
2）By step 1）The substance of middle weighing is added acid-resistant reactor and controls temperature of reaction system between 30 DEG C, is passed through oxygen,
Start pre-reaction, 24 hours reaction time；
3）Step 2）Lithium hydroxide solution is added after reaction, lithium hydroxide and phosphoric acid press 1：1 mixes, after mixing forerunner
Body is transferred to autoclave, confined reaction, and the temperature in building-up process is 120-260 DEG C, autoclave pressure 0.2-4.7MPa, entirely
Reaction process carries out continuously dispersion stirring, and reaction time control controls heating rate in 1-10 DEG C/min in 3-24 hour,
Rate of temperature fall is controlled in 1-20 DEG C/min；
4）Step 3）In hydro-thermal reaction after the completion of, make iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystal nucleation crystal growth, then cool down, go out kettle, Gu
Liquid detaches, dry under low temperature or vacuum；
5）By step 4）In obtained presoma by inclusion carbonization annealing（Referenced patent：ZL201410141267.2）,
800 degree or so of annealing temperature, soaking time 24 hours, and iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material is made after being passed through inert protective gas.
Embodiment two
A kind of preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material, includes the following steps：
1）By iron powder, manganese powder, phosphoric acid, according to molar ratio 0.5：0.5：1-1.2 is weighed, and phosphoric acid diluted concentration is 35%；
2）By step 1）The substance of middle weighing is added acid-resistant reactor and controls temperature of reaction system between 25~80 DEG C, is passed through oxygen
Gas starts pre-reaction, 18 hours reaction time；
3）Step 2）Lithium hydroxide solution is added after reaction, lithium hydroxide and phosphoric acid press 1-1.2：1 mixing, after mixing
Presoma is transferred to autoclave, confined reaction, and the temperature in building-up process is 120-260 DEG C, autoclave pressure 0.2-4.7MPa,
Entire reaction process carries out continuously dispersion stirring, reaction time control in 3-24 hour, control heating rate 1-10 DEG C/
Min, control rate of temperature fall is in 1-20 DEG C/min；
4）Step 3）In hydro-thermal reaction after the completion of, make iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystal nucleation crystal growth, then cool down, go out kettle, Gu
Liquid detaches, dry under low temperature or vacuum；
5）By step 4）In obtained presoma by inclusion carbonization annealing（Referenced patent number：
ZL201410141267.2）, 800 degree or so of annealing temperature, soaking time 24 hours, and phosphorus is made after being passed through inert protective gas
Sour ferromanganese crystalline lithium material.
Embodiment three
A kind of preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material, includes the following steps：
1）By iron powder, manganese powder, phosphoric acid, according to molar ratio 0.4：0.6：1-1.2 is weighed, and phosphoric acid diluted concentration is 30%；
2）By step 1）The substance of middle weighing is added acid-resistant reactor and controls temperature of reaction system between 25~80 DEG C, is passed through oxygen
Gas starts pre-reaction, 18 hours reaction time；
3）Step 2）Lithium hydroxide solution is added after reaction, lithium hydroxide and phosphoric acid press 1-1.2：1 mixing, after mixing
Presoma is transferred to autoclave, confined reaction, and the temperature in building-up process is 120-260 DEG C, autoclave pressure 0.2-4.7MPa,
Entire reaction process carries out continuously dispersion stirring, reaction time control in 3-24 hour, control heating rate 1-10 DEG C/
Min, control rate of temperature fall is in 1-20 DEG C/min；
4）Step 3）In hydro-thermal reaction after the completion of, make iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystal nucleation crystal growth, then cool down, go out kettle, Gu
Liquid detaches, dry under low temperature or vacuum；
5）By step 4）In obtained presoma by inclusion carbonization annealing（Referenced patent number：
ZL201410141267.2）, 800 degree or so of annealing temperature, soaking time 24 hours, and phosphorus is made after being passed through inert protective gas
Sour ferromanganese crystalline lithium material.
Example IV
A kind of preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material, includes the following steps：
1）By iron powder, manganese powder, phosphoric acid, according to molar ratio 0.2：0.8：1-1.2 is weighed, and phosphoric acid diluted concentration is 25%；
2）By step 1）The substance of middle weighing is added acid-resistant reactor and controls temperature of reaction system between 25~80 DEG C, is passed through oxygen
Gas starts pre-reaction, 20 hours reaction time；
3）Step 2）Lithium hydroxide solution is added after reaction, lithium hydroxide and phosphoric acid press 1-1.2：1 mixing, after mixing
Presoma is transferred to autoclave, confined reaction, and the temperature in building-up process is 120-260 DEG C, autoclave pressure 0.2-4.7MPa,
Entire reaction process carries out continuously dispersion stirring, reaction time control in 3-24 hour, control heating rate 1-10 DEG C/
Min, control rate of temperature fall is in 1-20 DEG C/min；
4）Step 3）In hydro-thermal reaction after the completion of, make iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystal nucleation crystal growth, then cool down, go out kettle, Gu
Liquid detaches, dry under low temperature or vacuum；
5）By step 4）In obtained presoma by inclusion carbonization annealing（Referenced patent number：
ZL201410141267.2）, 800 degree or so of annealing temperature, soaking time 24 hours, and phosphorus is made after being passed through inert protective gas
Sour ferromanganese crystalline lithium material.
The iron manganese phosphate for lithium chemical property that the present invention prepares is good, and grain size is at nanometer normal distribution, referring to can in attached drawing 2
To obtain.
It is the XRD diagram of iron manganese phosphate for lithium in the present invention referring to attached drawing 3, is a kind of x qualitative spectrochemical analyses figure, is able to demonstrate that this
A substance is exactly iron manganese phosphate for lithium.
Described above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and above-mentioned specific embodiment is not limitation of the present invention,
Retouching, modification or the equivalent replacement that all those skilled in the art are made as described above belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect range.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material, the chemical formula of the crystalline material is LiFe
(1-x) MnxPO4 (wherein 0.05≤x≤0.8), x indicate atomic ratio or molar ratio, and when x is less than 0.05, major event is phosphoric acid
Iron lithium, high voltage platform is almost without performance, and when x is more than 0.8, through multiple repetition test, its chemical property drastically deteriorates,
It is characterized in that：The reaction equation of the preparation process is
Fe+Mn+H3PO4+LiOH → LiFe (1-X) MnXPO4+H2+H2O,
Wherein Fe indicates that iron powder, Mn indicate manganese powder, H3PO4 indicates that phosphoric acid, LiOH indicate lithium hydroxide solution,
Its preparation process includes the following steps：
1）The higher iron powder of purity and manganese powder, the particle size range of 20-20000 mesh of granularity selection, selection is selected to can guarantee reaction speed
Degree is more moderate, is easy to control, and reaction is excessively fierce when granularity is meticulous, is difficult to control；
2）By Fe：Mn：H3PO4：LiOH=(1-x)：x：1：The mass ratio of (1.01-1.1) weighs iron powder, manganese powder, phosphoric acid and lithium source
The dilution of iron powder, manganese powder and phosphoric acid is first placed in acid-resistant reactor and stirs, iron powder, manganese powder and phosphoric acid is made fully to react by solution,
Reaction time is 5-24 hours；
3）Step 2）In lithium source solution be added in obtained reaction precursor slurry stir, selected lithium source solution is can
Dissolubility lithium source lithium hydroxide or lithium acetate；
4）By step 3）Obtained slurry is transferred to reaction kettle, starts hydro-thermal reaction, and reaction temperature is 160-240 DEG C, and pressure is
0.6-2.5MPa, reaction time are 3-12 hours, and speed of agitator is between 80-1400r/min；
5）By step 4）In be separated by solid-liquid separation by the slurry obtained after hydro-thermal reaction, the solid phosphoric acid ferromanganese lithium isolated into
Row inclusion carbonization annealing, it is 550-850 degree that when annealing, which is passed through inert gas shielding or selection vacuum, annealing temperature, is moved back
The fiery time is 3-24 hours, and iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material is made.
2. the preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Step 1）In selection iron powder and manganese powder reaction before using electrolysis, reduction or atomization process processing.
3. the preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Step 1）The middle granularity for choosing iron powder and manganese powder is in 200 mesh between 8000 mesh.
4. the preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Step 2）In abundant reaction process, it is passed through the oxidizing gas with raising reaction rate effect, the oxidizing gas is
Air or oxygen or ozone.
5. the preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Step 2）In abundant reaction process, the organic acid for having and accelerating reaction balanced action is added, additional proportion is 0.1-1, this has
Machine acid is citric acid or acetic acid or carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid.
6. the preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Step 2）In abundant reaction process, acid-resistant reactor is heated, manganese powder and phosphoric acid is made to react completely, heating temperature is
25-80℃。
7. the preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Step 3）It is middle that lithium source solution is added in such a way that stirring atomization is added.
8. the preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：
Heating temperature to acid-resistant reactor is 35-60 DEG C.
9. the preparation process of pollution-free inexpensive iron manganese phosphate for lithium crystalline material according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：
Mode of heating to acid-resistant reactor is oil bath or water-bath or steam or far infrared or electrical heating.
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| CN109192963A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-11 | 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium ferric manganese phosphate composite material and lithium ion battery |
| CN115806281A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-17 | 广东国光电子有限公司 | Lithium manganese iron phosphate composite material, preparation method thereof and battery |
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| CN108408709B (en) | 2021-12-14 |
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