CN108407624B - Control method of hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range extending system of electric automobile - Google Patents

Control method of hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range extending system of electric automobile Download PDF

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CN108407624B
CN108407624B CN201810199652.0A CN201810199652A CN108407624B CN 108407624 B CN108407624 B CN 108407624B CN 201810199652 A CN201810199652 A CN 201810199652A CN 108407624 B CN108407624 B CN 108407624B
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power generation
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CN108407624A (en
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王涵
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Hangzhou Heri New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Heri New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/006—Means for protecting the generator by using control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

The invention discloses a control method of a hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range-extending system of an electric automobile, wherein the range-extending system is coupled with a hybrid excitation generator by adopting an internal combustion engine, and the working mode of the system comprises the following steps: the control method comprises the following steps: s1: to begin, proceed to step S2; s2: initializing the range extending system, and entering step S3; s3: the range extending system enters a stop mode, responds to a starting command and enters a step S4; or, in response to the exit instruction, proceed to step S6; s4: the range extending system enters an idle mode, responds to a stop instruction and returns to the step S; or, maintaining an idle mode; or, in response to the power generation request, the flow proceeds to step S5; s5: the range extending system enters a power generation mode, and the power generation mode comprises the following steps: a constant power sub-mode, a constant current sub-mode and a constant voltage sub-mode; in the power generation mode, if the system receives a command of canceling power generation, the method returns to the step S4 and enters an idle mode; s6: the system is powered off, and the step S7 is entered; s7: and (6) ending.

Description

Control method of hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range extending system of electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a control method of a hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range extending system of an electric automobile.
Background
The range extending technology is developed to solve the problems of short driving range and inconvenient charging of the pure electric vehicle. At present, the internal combustion power generation type range extender which is most widely applied is formed by directly coupling and connecting an internal combustion engine and a generator. The extended range electric vehicle not only keeps the energy-saving and environment-friendly characteristics of the pure electric vehicle by adding a set of internal combustion engine power generation device on the traditional electric vehicle platform, but also solves the problems of short endurance mileage, inconvenient charging, long charging waiting time and the like of the existing pure electric vehicle.
The range extender is used as a power module of the whole vehicle, a control system of the range extender needs to respond to a command of the whole vehicle in real time to carry out mode switching and give feedback on the one hand, and on the other hand, the range extender needs to be ensured to reduce oil consumption and emission as much as possible, accelerate response speed and improve stability on the premise of meeting the driving power requirement of the whole vehicle. At present, an internal combustion engine and a permanent magnet synchronous generator are directly and mechanically coupled in general in an internal combustion power generation type range extender, an IGBT controllable rectifier bridge is required to be relied on for control of the permanent magnet synchronous range extender, and control difficulty and system cost are increased.
At present, the control method of the hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range-extending system is still rarely researched, and the following problems generally exist. Because the hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range-extending system changes the intensity of an excitation magnetic field by adjusting the excitation current, and further changes the output voltage at a given rotating speed in a large range, thereby indirectly controlling the output power, the electronic device is adversely affected when the output voltage or the output current is too high; and the output power cannot be directly controlled by adjusting the exciting current, i.e. the control mode of single-stage regulation has larger interference.
In view of the above analysis, designing and developing a control method for a hybrid excitation range extender is of great significance for the development of the range-extended electric vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the control cost and the control difficulty of the range extender are reduced, the range extender is guaranteed to be capable of providing stable electric energy supply under the condition that the power battery of the new energy electric vehicle is insufficient, and the safety of the range extender is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a control method of a hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range-extending system of an electric vehicle is disclosed, wherein the range-extending system adopts an internal combustion engine to be coupled with a hybrid excitation generator, and the working mode of the system comprises the following steps: the control method comprises the following steps of:
s1: to begin, proceed to step S2;
s2: initializing the range extending system, and entering step S3;
s3: the range-extending system enters a shutdown mode, monitors in real time and responds to a starting or exiting instruction sent by the VCU or the upper computer in time
1) After the range extending system responds to the starting command sent by the VCU or the upper computer, the step proceeds to step S4;
2) after the range-extending system responds to the exit instruction sent by the VCU or the upper computer, the step S6 is executed;
s4: after the range-extending system enters the idling mode
1) Responding to a shutdown command sent by the VCU or the upper computer, returning to the step S3, and entering a shutdown mode;
2) maintaining an idle mode;
3) in response to the power generation request from the VCU or the host computer, the process proceeds to step S5;
s5: the range extending system enters a power generation mode, and the power generation mode is divided into three sub-modes in detail: a constant power sub-mode, a constant current sub-mode, and a constant voltage sub-mode corresponding to the following steps S51, S52, and S53, respectively;
s51: the range-extending system enters a constant power sub-mode in a power generation mode;
s52: the range-extending system enters a constant current sub-mode in a power generation mode;
s53: the range-extending system enters a constant-voltage sub-mode in the power generation mode;
in the power generation mode, no matter which sub-mode is in, if the system receives a command of canceling power generation from the VCU or the upper computer, the system directly returns to the step S4 to enter the idle mode;
s6: the system is powered off, and the step S7 is entered;
s7: and (6) ending.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Preferably, the constant power sub-mode is a default mode, and the system responds to a power generation request sent by the VCU or the upper computer and outputs the requested power to the outside; the system performs closed-loop control on the power requested by the VCU or the upper computer in the constant power sub-mode, and keeps the output power constant; and in the mode, the current and the voltage of the bus are monitored in real time, if the current of the bus exceeds the limit, the bus is switched to a constant current sub-mode, and if the voltage of the bus exceeds the limit, the bus is switched to a constant voltage sub-mode.
Preferably, the system is in a constant current sub-mode, and closed-loop control is performed by taking bus current as a target; and in the mode, the power and the bus voltage are monitored in real time, if the bus voltage exceeds the limit, the mode is switched to a constant voltage sub-mode, and if the power exceeds the limit, the mode is switched to a constant power sub-mode.
Preferably, the system is under the constant voltage sub-mode, and closed-loop control is carried out by taking the bus voltage as a target; the power and the bus current are monitored in real time in the mode, if the bus current exceeds the limit, the mode is switched to a constant current sub-mode, and if the power exceeds the limit, the mode is switched to a constant power sub-mode.
Preferably, the range extending system is formed by coupling an internal combustion engine and a hybrid excitation generator through a connecting shaft, and the rotating speed of the internal combustion engine is equal to that of the hybrid excitation generator; the output end of the hybrid excitation generator is connected with a three-phase rectifier bridge, and the electric energy output by the hybrid excitation generator is rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridge and then is output outwards;
the range-increasing system is also provided with a rotating speed closed-loop PI controller, the input end of the internal combustion engine is electrically connected to the output end of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller, and the output end of the internal combustion engine is also electrically connected to the input end of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller;
the specific implementation process of the rotating speed closed-loop control of the internal combustion engine in the idle mode comprises the following steps: predetermined target idling rotation speed nitActual speed n of the internal combustion engine as a given quantityiAnd as a feedback quantity, outputting a control quantity of the opening degree theta of the automobile throttle valve through closed-loop regulation of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller, and controlling the rotating speed of the internal combustion engine.
Preferably, the range extending system is formed by coupling an internal combustion engine and a hybrid excitation generator through a connecting shaft, and the rotating speed of the internal combustion engine is equal to that of the hybrid excitation generator; the output end of the hybrid excitation generator is connected with a three-phase rectifier bridge, and the electric energy output by the hybrid excitation generator is rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridge and then is output outwards;
the range-extending system is also provided with an exciting current PI controller, the input end of the hybrid excitation generator is electrically connected to the output end of the exciting current PI controller, and the output end of the hybrid excitation generator is also electrically connected to the input end of the exciting current PI controller;
the specific implementation process of the excitation current closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the idle mode is as follows: predetermined target excitation current IctAs a given quantity, the actual field current I of the hybrid excitation generatorcAs a feedback quantity, byAnd the closed-loop regulation of the exciting current PI controller outputs a given exciting duty ratio D control quantity to the hybrid excitation generator for excitation regulation.
Preferably, the range-extending system is further provided with a VCU and an optimal power generation speed pulse, and the VCU is electrically connected to an input end of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller through the optimal power generation speed pulse;
the specific implementation process of the rotating speed closed-loop control of the internal combustion engine in the power generation mode comprises the following steps: VCU sends power generation request PreqInputting the target generated power to the optimal generation speed pulse rate as the target generated power, and inquiring the corresponding optimal generation speed nreq(ii) a The inquired optimal generation speed is used as a given quantity, and the actual speed n of the internal combustion enginerAnd as a feedback quantity, outputting an automobile throttle opening control quantity theta through closed-loop regulation of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller, and controlling the rotating speed of the internal combustion engine.
Preferably, the range-extending system is further provided with a VCU, a power closed-loop PI controller, a voltage closed-loop PI controller, a current closed-loop PI controller and a power generation mode control module, wherein output ends of the VCU and a three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively electrically connected to an input end of the power closed-loop PI controller, and output ends of the three-phase rectifier bridge are also respectively electrically connected to input ends of the voltage closed-loop PI controller and the current closed-loop PI controller; the output ends of the power closed-loop PI controller, the voltage closed-loop PI controller and the current closed-loop PI controller are respectively electrically connected to the input end of the power generation mode control module, and the output end of the power generation mode control module is electrically connected to the input end of the exciting current PI controller;
the specific implementation process of the power closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the power generation mode is as follows: the VCU transmits a generated power request as a target generated power PreqThe target generated power is used as a given quantity, and the actual generated power P of the hybrid excitation generator is rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridgerOutputting a given exciting current control quantity I through closed-loop regulation of the power closed-loop PI controller as a feedback quantityct1To a generation mode control module;
electricity of mixed excitation generator in generating modeThe specific implementation process of the pressure closed loop control is as follows: initial set upper limit U of generated voltageLThe target generated voltage is used as a given quantity, and the actual generated voltage U of the hybrid excitation generator rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridge is used as the target generated voltagerAs feedback quantity, outputting given exciting current control quantity I by closed-loop regulation of voltage closed-loop PI controllerct2To a generation mode control module;
the specific implementation process of the current closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the power generation mode is as follows: initially set upper limit of generated current ILThe target generated current is used as a given quantity, and the actual generated current I of the hybrid excitation generator rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridge is used as the target generated currentrAs feedback quantity, outputting given exciting current control quantity I by closed-loop regulation of current closed-loop PI controllerct3To a generation mode control module;
the power generation mode control module selects and outputs the input of corresponding closed-loop control according to the power generation sub-mode in which the current range-extending system is positioned; if the range-increasing system is in the constant-power sub-mode, the power generation mode control module outputs a result of a power closed loop, if the range-increasing system is in the constant-voltage sub-mode, the power generation mode control module outputs a result of a voltage closed loop, and if the range-increasing system is in the constant-current sub-mode, the power generation mode control module outputs a result of a current closed loop;
the specific implementation process of the excitation current closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the power generation mode is as follows: output control quantity I of power generation mode control modulectMixing actual field current I of field generator with target field current as given amountcAs a feedback quantity, outputting a given excitation duty ratio control quantity D to a hybrid excitation generator for excitation regulation through closed-loop regulation of the excitation current PI controller; wherein, according to the selection of the sub-mode of the power generation mode, IctIs Ict1、Ict2And Ict3One value of (1).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the range-extending system adopts the internal combustion engine and the hybrid excitation generator to carry out mechanical coupling, the hybrid excitation generator integrates the advantages of the excitation motor and the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the efficiency is high, the volume is small, and the excitation adjustment is convenient, so that the range-extending system based on the hybrid excitation generator does not need to rely on a controllable rectifier or a DC/DC converter, and the control difficulty and the cost are reduced;
2. dividing three working modes of a shutdown mode, an idle mode and a power generation mode according to requirements, determining switching logics among the modes, avoiding the condition of overhigh output voltage and current and ensuring the stability and safety of a range extending system;
3. a closed-loop control method is designed aiming at an idle speed mode and a power generation mode, so that the quick response and accurate and stable output of a range extending system are ensured;
4. the control of the hybrid excitation generator adopts double closed-loop control of output power and excitation current; compared with a single-loop feedback control system, the system has a plurality of advantages because one more secondary loop is added on the structure of the system: the dynamic characteristic of the process is improved, and the method has strong disturbance resistance and certain self-adaptive capacity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a method for controlling a hybrid excitation internal combustion power generation range extension system of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the speed and field current control for the idle mode of the hybrid excitation internal combustion power generation range extension system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the dual closed loop control for the power generation mode of the hybrid excitation internal combustion power generation range extension system of the present invention;
in the drawings, the parts names represented by the respective reference numerals are listed as follows:
1 internal combustion engine
2 mixed excitation generator
3 three-phase rectifier bridge
4-rotating-speed closed-loop PI controller
5 exciting current PI controller
6 VCU
7 optimal power generation speed pulse rate
8 power closed loop PI controller
9 voltage closed loop PI controller
10 current closed loop PI controller
11 power generation mode control module
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for controlling a hybrid excitation internal combustion power generation range extending system of an electric vehicle according to the present invention. The range extending system is coupled with a hybrid excitation generator by adopting an internal combustion engine, and the working mode of the system comprises the following steps: the control method comprises the following steps of:
s1: to begin, proceed to step S2;
s2: initializing the range extending system, and entering step S3;
s3: the range-extending system enters a shutdown mode;
at the moment, the range extending system completes various preparation works, is in a state of waiting for the instruction, monitors in real time and responds to a starting or quitting instruction sent by the VCU or the upper computer in time; in the invention, the shutdown mode is an initial position and a termination position for controlling the logic operation of the system, and the system jumps to the shutdown mode and then executes the power-off operation when the system finishes the operation;
after the range extending system responds to the starting command sent by the VCU or the upper computer, the step proceeds to step S4;
s4: the range extending system enters an idle mode;
the idle mode is between the stop mode and the power generation mode and represents an intermediate transition stage of mutual switching of the stop mode and the power generation mode; the idle mode is passed in the switching process from the shutdown mode to the power generation mode, the entering of the idle mode indicates that the starting of the range-extended system is successful, and the power generation power request can be responded; the idle mode is also needed from the power generation mode to the shutdown mode, so that the smooth unloading of the power is completed, and the condition of load jump is prevented;
after entering the idle mode, can
1) Responding to a shutdown command sent by the VCU or the upper computer, returning to the step S3, and entering a shutdown mode;
2) maintaining an idle mode;
3) in response to the power generation request from the VCU or the host computer, the process proceeds to step S5;
an idle mode is set between a stop mode and a power generation mode, so that frequent start and stop of a range extending system can be effectively reduced, and equipment loss is greatly reduced;
s5: the range extending system enters a power generation mode;
for the case of a possibly present output voltage or output current that is too high, the power generation mode divides three sub-modes in detail again: a constant power sub-mode, a constant current sub-mode, and a constant voltage sub-mode corresponding to the following steps S51, S52, and S53, respectively;
s51: the range-extending system enters a constant power sub-mode in a power generation mode;
s52: the range-extending system enters a constant current sub-mode in a power generation mode;
s53: the range-extending system enters a constant-voltage sub-mode in the power generation mode;
the constant power sub-mode is a default mode, so the power generation request can also be called a power request; the system responds to a power request sent by a VCU or an upper computer and outputs corresponding power to the outside; the system performs closed-loop control on the power requested by the VCU or the upper computer in the constant power sub-mode, and keeps the output power constant; monitoring the bus current and voltage in real time in the mode, switching to a constant current sub-mode if the bus current exceeds the limit, and switching to a constant voltage sub-mode if the bus voltage exceeds the limit;
the system is under the constant current sub-mode, and closed-loop control is carried out by taking the bus current as a target; monitoring power and bus voltage in real time in the mode, switching to a constant voltage sub-mode if the bus voltage exceeds the limit, and switching to a constant power sub-mode if the power exceeds the limit;
the system is under the constant voltage sub-mode, and closed-loop control is carried out by taking the bus voltage as a target; in the mode, power and bus current are monitored in real time, if the bus current exceeds the limit, the mode is switched to a constant current sub-mode, and if the power exceeds the limit, the mode is switched to a constant power sub-mode;
the switching of the three sub-modes of the power generation mode is automatically adjusted by a controller in the range-extending system according to the acquired power/voltage/current, so that the protection for the voltage and the current is realized, and the stability and the safety of the whole range-extending system are facilitated;
in the power generation mode, no matter which sub-mode is in, if the system receives a command of canceling power generation from the VCU or the upper computer, the system directly returns to the step S4 to enter the idle mode;
in addition, in the shutdown mode, if the range-extended system receives an exit instruction from the VCU or the upper computer, the process proceeds to step S6;
s6: the system is powered off, and the step S7 is entered;
s7: and (6) ending.
In the control method of the hybrid excitation internal combustion power generation range-extending system of the electric vehicle, because various preparation works in mode switching transition need to be completed in the idle mode, the control needs to be specially performed for the idle mode: firstly, controlling the target rotating speed of the internal combustion engine to an idle rotating speed to enable the internal combustion engine to return to a preparation state; and secondly, adjusting the exciting current of the hybrid excitation generator to be zero, and resetting the exciting current controller. In order to realize the decoupling of the generating speed and the generating voltage/generating power of the range-extended system of the electric automobile, the control of the range-extended system comprises two parts, namely the control of an internal combustion engine and the control of a hybrid excitation generator; the method comprises the following steps that rotation speed closed-loop control is adopted for an internal combustion engine, and the engine is controlled to reach a target rotation speed by adjusting the opening of a throttle valve; the internal combustion engine is a gasoline engine, the throttle valve is a controllable valve for controlling air to enter the engine, the gas can be mixed with gasoline to become combustible mixed gas after entering the air inlet pipe, so that the combustible mixed gas is combusted to form work, the throttle valve is connected with an air filter at the upper part and connected with an engine cylinder body at the lower part, and the throat of the automobile engine is called as the throat of the automobile engine; for the mixed excitation generator, double closed-loop control of a power (voltage/current) outer closed loop and an excitation current inner closed loop is adopted.
Next, please refer to fig. 2, which is a schematic diagram illustrating the control of the idle speed and the exciting current of the hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range-extending system of the present invention; the range extending system adopts the internal combustion engine 1 and the hybrid excitation generator 2 to be coupled through a connecting shaft, so that the rotating speed of the internal combustion engine 1 is equal to that of the hybrid excitation generator 2; the output end of the hybrid excitation generator 2 is connected with a three-phase rectifier bridge 3, and the electric energy output by the hybrid excitation generator 2 is rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridge 3 and then is output outwards;
the range-increasing system is also provided with a rotating speed closed-loop PI controller 4, the input end of the internal combustion engine 1 is electrically connected to the output end of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller 4, and the output end of the internal combustion engine 1 is also electrically connected to the input end of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller 4; the specific implementation process of the rotating speed closed-loop control of the internal combustion engine in the idle mode comprises the following steps: predetermined target idling rotation speed nitActual speed n of the internal combustion engine as a given quantityiAs a feedback quantity, the control quantity of the opening theta of the output throttle valve is adjusted in a closed loop mode, so that the rotating speed of the internal combustion engine is controlled, and the rotating speed closed-loop control in an idle speed mode is completed;
because the system does not need to output power externally in the idling mode, the magnetic field of the hybrid excitation generator does not need to be controlled, and the target excitation current is zero. The range extending system is also provided with an exciting current PI controller 5, the input end of the hybrid excitation generator 2 is electrically connected to the output end of the exciting current PI controller 5, and the output end of the hybrid excitation generator 2 is also electrically connected to the input end of the exciting current PI controller 5; the specific implementation process of the excitation current closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the idle mode is as follows: predetermined target excitation current IctAs a given quantity, the actual field current I of the hybrid excitation generatorcAnd as a feedback quantity, outputting a given excitation duty ratio D control quantity to the hybrid excitation generator through closed-loop regulation to carry out excitation regulation.
Referring to fig. 3, it is a schematic diagram of the dual closed-loop control of the power generation mode of the hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range-extending system according to the present invention; the range extending system of the present invention is further provided with a VCU (Vehicle control unit, which is a core electronic control unit for implementing a whole Vehicle control decision) 6 and an optimal power generation rotation speed pulse 7, wherein the VCU 6 is electrically connected to an input end of the rotation speed closed loop PI controller 4 through the optimal power generation rotation speed pulse 7, and the optimal power generation rotation speed pulse is preferably set as in table 1, but not limited thereto.
Figure BDA0001594113580000111
TABLE 1
The specific implementation process of the rotating speed closed-loop control of the internal combustion engine in the power generation mode comprises the following steps: VCU sends power generation request PreqInputting the target generated power to the optimal generation speed pulse rate as the target generated power, and inquiring the corresponding optimal generation speed nreq(ii) a The inquired optimal generation speed is used as a given quantity, and the actual speed n of the internal combustion enginerThe output throttle opening degree control amount theta is adjusted in a closed loop manner as a feedback amount, so that the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine is controlled, and the rotation speed closed-loop control in the power generation mode is completed.
Referring to fig. 3, the range extending system of the present invention further includes: a power closed-loop PI controller 8, a voltage closed-loop PI controller 9, a current closed-loop PI controller 10 and a power generation mode control module 11, wherein the output ends of the VCU 6 and the three-phase rectifier bridge 3 are respectively and electrically connected to the input end of the power closed-loop PI controller 8, and the output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge 3 is also respectively and electrically connected to the input ends of the voltage closed-loop PI controller 9 and the current closed-loop PI controller 10; the output ends of the power closed-loop PI controller 8, the voltage closed-loop PI controller 9 and the current closed-loop PI controller 10 are respectively electrically connected to the input end of the power generation mode control module 11, the output end of the power generation mode control module 11 is electrically connected to the input end of the exciting current PI controller 5, and the input end of the exciting current PI controller 5 is also electrically connected to the output end of the hybrid excitation generator 2; in this way,
mix under power generation modeThe specific implementation process of the power closed-loop control of the combined excitation generator comprises the following steps: the VCU transmits a generated power request as a target generated power PreqThe target generated power is used as a given quantity, and the actual generated power P of the hybrid excitation generator is rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridge 3rAs feedback quantity, outputting given exciting current control quantity I by closed-loop regulationct1To the generation mode control module 11;
the specific implementation process of voltage closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the power generation mode is as follows: initial set upper limit U of generated voltageLThe target generated voltage is used as a given value, and the actual generated voltage U of the mixed excitation generator rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridge 3 is used as a target generated voltagerAs feedback quantity, outputting given exciting current control quantity I by closed-loop regulationct2To the generation mode control module 11;
the specific implementation process of the current closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the power generation mode is as follows: initially set upper limit of generated current ILThe target generated current is used as a given amount, and the actual generated current I of the hybrid excitation generator rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridge 3 is used as a target generated currentrAs feedback quantity, outputting given exciting current control quantity I by closed-loop regulationct3To the generation mode control module 11;
the power generation mode control module 11 selects and outputs the input of the corresponding closed-loop control module according to the power generation mode of the current range-extending system; if the range-increasing system is in the constant-power sub-mode, the power generation mode control module 11 outputs a result of a power closed loop, if the range-increasing system is in the constant-voltage sub-mode, the power generation mode control module 11 outputs a result of a voltage closed loop, and if the range-increasing system is in the constant-current sub-mode, the power generation mode control module 11 outputs a result of a current closed loop;
the specific implementation process of the excitation current closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the power generation mode is as follows: output control amount I of power generation mode control module 11ct(selection of a sub-mode according to the Power Generation mode, IctIs Ict1、Ict2And Ict3One value of) as a target exciting current, toAnd the standard exciting current is used as a given quantity, the actual exciting current Ic of the hybrid excitation generator is used as a feedback quantity, and the given exciting duty ratio control quantity D is output to the hybrid excitation generator through closed-loop regulation to carry out excitation regulation.
It should be noted that: the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller 4, the exciting current PI controller 5, the optimal power generation rotating speed pulse 7, the power closed-loop PI controller 8, the voltage closed-loop PI controller 9, the current closed-loop PI controller 10 and the power generation mode control module 11 are all realized by software programs, as shown in fig. 3, and the parts framed by dotted lines are practically integrated in a single chip microcomputer to analyze and process data. The predetermined target idle rotation speed nitA predetermined target excitation current IctInitial set upper limit U of generated voltageLAnd an initially set upper limit of generated current ILAll are internal given values of the singlechip.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (3)

1. A control method of a hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range-extending system of an electric vehicle is characterized in that the range-extending system adopts an internal combustion engine to be coupled with a hybrid excitation generator, and the working mode of the system comprises the following steps: the control method comprises the following steps of:
s1: to begin, proceed to step S2;
s2: initializing the range extending system, and entering step S3;
s3: the range-extending system enters a shutdown mode, monitors in real time and responds to a starting or exiting instruction sent by the VCU or the upper computer in time
1) After the range extending system responds to the starting command sent by the VCU or the upper computer, the step proceeds to step S4;
2) after the range-extending system responds to the exit instruction sent by the VCU or the upper computer, the step S6 is executed;
s4: after the range-extending system enters the idling mode
1) Responding to a shutdown command sent by the VCU or the upper computer, returning to the step S3, and entering a shutdown mode;
2) maintaining an idle mode;
3) in response to the power generation request from the VCU or the host computer, the process proceeds to step S5;
s5: the range extending system enters a power generation mode, and the power generation mode is divided into three sub-modes in detail: a constant power sub-mode, a constant current sub-mode, and a constant voltage sub-mode corresponding to the following steps S51, S52, and S53, respectively;
s51: the range-extending system enters a constant power sub-mode in a power generation mode; the constant power sub-mode is a default mode, and the system responds to a power generation request sent by a VCU or an upper computer and outputs the requested power to the outside; the system performs closed-loop control on the power requested by the VCU or the upper computer in the constant power sub-mode, and keeps the output power constant; monitoring the bus current and voltage in real time in the mode, switching to a constant current sub-mode if the bus current exceeds the limit, and switching to a constant voltage sub-mode if the bus voltage exceeds the limit;
s52: the range-extending system enters a constant current sub-mode in a power generation mode;
s53: the range-extending system enters a constant-voltage sub-mode in the power generation mode;
in the power generation mode, no matter which sub-mode is in, if the system receives a command of canceling power generation from the VCU or the upper computer, the system directly returns to the step S4 to enter the idle mode;
s6: the system is powered off, and the step S7 is entered;
s7: finishing;
the range extending system is characterized in that an internal combustion engine and a hybrid excitation generator are coupled through a connecting shaft, and the rotating speed of the internal combustion engine is equal to that of the hybrid excitation generator; the output end of the hybrid excitation generator is connected with a three-phase rectifier bridge, and the electric energy output by the hybrid excitation generator is rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridge and then is output outwards;
the range extending system is also provided with a rotating speed closed-loop PI controller and an exciting current PI controller;
the input end of the internal combustion engine is electrically connected to the output end of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller, and the output end of the internal combustion engine is also electrically connected to the input end of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller; the specific implementation process of the rotating speed closed-loop control of the internal combustion engine in the idle mode comprises the following steps: predetermined target idling rotation speed nitActual speed n of the internal combustion engine as a given quantityiAs a feedback quantity, outputting a control quantity of the opening degree theta of the automobile throttle valve through closed-loop regulation of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller, and controlling the rotating speed of the internal combustion engine;
the input end of the hybrid excitation generator is electrically connected to the output end of the excitation current PI controller, and the output end of the hybrid excitation generator is also electrically connected to the input end of the excitation current PI controller; the specific implementation process of the excitation current closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the idle mode is as follows: predetermined target excitation current IctAs a given quantity, the actual field current I of the hybrid excitation generatorcAs a feedback quantity, outputting a given excitation duty ratio D control quantity to a hybrid excitation generator for excitation regulation through closed-loop regulation of the excitation current PI controller;
the range-extending system is also provided with a VCU, a power closed-loop PI controller, a voltage closed-loop PI controller, a current closed-loop PI controller and a power generation mode control module, wherein the output ends of the VCU and a three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively and electrically connected to the input end of the power closed-loop PI controller, and the output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge is also respectively and electrically connected to the input ends of the voltage closed-loop PI controller and the current closed-loop PI controller; the output ends of the power closed-loop PI controller, the voltage closed-loop PI controller and the current closed-loop PI controller are respectively electrically connected to the input end of the power generation mode control module, and the output end of the power generation mode control module is electrically connected to the input end of the exciting current PI controller;
the specific implementation process of the power closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the power generation mode is as follows: the VCU transmits a generated power request as a target generated power PreqThe target generated power is used as a given quantity, and the actual generated power P of the hybrid excitation generator is rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridgerOutputting a given exciting current control quantity I through closed-loop regulation of the power closed-loop PI controller as a feedback quantityct1To a generation mode control module;
the specific implementation process of voltage closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the power generation mode is as follows: initial set upper limit U of generated voltageLThe target generated voltage is used as a given quantity, and the actual generated voltage U of the hybrid excitation generator rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridge is used as the target generated voltagerAs feedback quantity, outputting given exciting current control quantity I by closed-loop regulation of voltage closed-loop PI controllerct2To a generation mode control module;
the specific implementation process of the current closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the power generation mode is as follows: initially set upper limit of generated current ILThe target generated current is used as a given quantity, and the actual generated current I of the hybrid excitation generator rectified by the three-phase rectifier bridge is used as the target generated currentrAs feedback quantity, outputting given exciting current control quantity I by closed-loop regulation of current closed-loop PI controllerct3To a generation mode control module;
the power generation mode control module selects and outputs the input of corresponding closed-loop control according to the power generation sub-mode in which the current range-extending system is positioned; if the range-increasing system is in the constant-power sub-mode, the power generation mode control module outputs a result of a power closed loop, if the range-increasing system is in the constant-voltage sub-mode, the power generation mode control module outputs a result of a voltage closed loop, and if the range-increasing system is in the constant-current sub-mode, the power generation mode control module outputs a result of a current closed loop;
the specific implementation process of the excitation current closed-loop control of the hybrid excitation generator in the power generation mode is as follows: output control quantity I of power generation mode control modulectMixing actual field current I of field generator with target field current as given amountcAs a feedback quantity, outputting a given excitation duty ratio control quantity D to a hybrid excitation generator for excitation regulation through closed-loop regulation of the excitation current PI controller; wherein, according to the selection of the sub-mode of the power generation mode, IctIs Ict1、Ict2And Ict3One of the values of (1);
the range-extending system is also provided with a VCU and an optimal power generation speed pulse, and the VCU is electrically connected to the input end of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller through the optimal power generation speed pulse;
the specific implementation process of the rotating speed closed-loop control of the internal combustion engine in the power generation mode comprises the following steps: VCU sends power generation request PreqInputting the target generated power to the optimal generation speed pulse rate as the target generated power, and inquiring the corresponding optimal generation speed nreq(ii) a The inquired optimal generation speed is used as a given quantity, and the actual speed n of the internal combustion enginerAnd as a feedback quantity, outputting an automobile throttle opening control quantity theta through closed-loop regulation of the rotating speed closed-loop PI controller, and controlling the rotating speed of the internal combustion engine.
2. The control method of the hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range-extending system of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the system is in a constant current sub-mode, and is subjected to closed-loop control with a bus current as a target; and in the mode, the power and the bus voltage are monitored in real time, if the bus voltage exceeds the limit, the mode is switched to a constant voltage sub-mode, and if the power exceeds the limit, the mode is switched to a constant power sub-mode.
3. The control method of the hybrid excitation type internal combustion power generation range-extending system of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the system is in a constant voltage sub-mode, and closed-loop control is performed with a bus voltage as a target; the power and the bus current are monitored in real time in the mode, if the bus current exceeds the limit, the mode is switched to a constant current sub-mode, and if the power exceeds the limit, the mode is switched to a constant power sub-mode.
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