CN108405152B - Dry purification process of low-grade bentonite - Google Patents
Dry purification process of low-grade bentonite Download PDFInfo
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- CN108405152B CN108405152B CN201810231930.6A CN201810231930A CN108405152B CN 108405152 B CN108405152 B CN 108405152B CN 201810231930 A CN201810231930 A CN 201810231930A CN 108405152 B CN108405152 B CN 108405152B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/20—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy after crushing or disintegrating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/26—Aluminium-containing silicates, i.e. silico-aluminates
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Abstract
The invention provides a dry purification process of low-grade bentonite. The dry purification process of the low-grade bentonite comprises the following steps: 1) crushing the low-grade bentonite to obtain a crushed product; 2) carrying out coarse grinding on the crushed product to obtain a ground product; 3) screening the ground ore product, directly discharging sand from the oversize coarse fraction product, and screening to obtain an undersize product; 4) scattering the undersize product to obtain a scattered product; 5) and grading the scattered product to obtain a dry-method purified concentrate product. The dry purification process of the low-grade bentonite adopts a new dry purification process of crushing, coarse grinding, screening, scattering and grading raw ores, can effectively improve the grade and the recovery rate of the montmorillonite in a dry purification product, obviously improves the dry purification effect and reduces the use limitation of the dry purification process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bentonite purification, and relates to a dry purification process of low-grade bentonite.
Background
The bentonite is a non-metal mineral product with montmorillonite as main mineral component, and contains silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and water as main chemical components, and also contains iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassiumThe contents of the elements, sodium oxide and calcium oxide, have great influence on the physicochemical properties and the technical performance of the bentonite. The hardness of the bentonite is 1-2, and the density is 2-3 g/cm3. The bentonite has good adsorptivity, expansibility, ion exchange property, catalysis property, thixotropy, suspension property and the like, can be used as a purification decolorant, a binder, a thixotropic agent, a suspension agent, a stabilizer, a filling material, a feed, a catalyst and the like after being processed, can be widely used in the fields of agriculture, light industry, cosmetics, medicines and the like, and is a natural mineral material with wide application. Bentonite has been used in more than 100 sectors in 24 fields of industrial and agricultural production, and has more than 300 products, so it is called "universal soil".
With the continuous development and utilization of bentonite resources, high-quality bentonite resources are increasingly reduced, a large amount of low-quality bentonite is left, and how to reasonably and efficiently purify the low-quality bentonite becomes a key technology in the field of bentonite processing. The low-quality bentonite has low montmorillonite content, usually less than 60%, and contains a large amount of impurity minerals such as quartz, feldspar, calcite, zeolite, etc. At present, the bentonite purification technology mainly comprises a wet method and a dry method. The wet purification process generally comprises crushing, pulping, grading, dehydrating, drying and grinding of raw ores, and the dry purification process generally comprises crushing, grinding and grading of raw ores.
At present, the bentonite purification method mainly comprises a wet method and a dry method. The wet purification has high precision, the content and the recovery rate of the montmorillonite in the product are high, but the water consumption of the wet purification is high, and meanwhile, the purified product needs further dehydration, drying and grinding, so the production cost is high, and the use has certain limitations, especially in water-deficient areas. The traditional dry purification process is simple, the production cost is low, but the purification effect is limited, the improvement range of the montmorillonite content in the product is small, the recovery rate is low, and the method is generally only suitable for ores with good raw ore grade and high montmorillonite content and has great use limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a dry purification process of low-grade bentonite, which can effectively improve the grade and the recovery rate of montmorillonite in a product, obviously improve the purification effect and reduce the use limitation of the dry purification process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dry purification process of low-grade bentonite, comprising the following steps:
1) crushing the low-grade bentonite to obtain a crushed product;
2) carrying out coarse grinding on the crushed product to obtain a ground product;
3) screening the ground ore product, directly discharging sand from the oversize coarse fraction product, and screening to obtain an undersize product;
4) scattering the undersize product to obtain a scattered product;
5) and grading the scattered product to obtain a dry-method purified concentrate product.
In step 1), the content of montmorillonite in the low-grade bentonite is less than or equal to 60%, the sand content is more than or equal to 30%, that is, the grade of the low-grade bentonite is less than 60%.
In step 1), the particle size of the crushed product is less than 1 cm.
In the step 1), the equipment adopted for crushing is one of a jaw crusher, a cone crusher or a roller crusher.
In the step 2), the mineral with the particle size of less than 10mm accounts for 60-90 wt%, for example, the mineral with the particle size of less than 10mm accounts for 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt%, 75 wt%, 80 wt%, 85 wt%, and 90 wt%.
In the step 2), the equipment adopted for coarse grinding is an air current mill.
Preferably, in the step 2), the mill rotation speed of the rough grinding ore is 2000-3000 r/min, for example, the mill rotation speed of the rough grinding ore is 2000r/min, 2100r/min, 2200r/min, 2300r/min, 2400r/min, 2500r/min, 2600r/min, 2700r/min, 2800r/min, 2900r/min, 3000 r/min; the grinding time of the rough grinding is 10-60 s, for example, the grinding time of the rough grinding is 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60 s.
In the step 3), the screened granularity is 3-7 mm, for example, the screened granularity is 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7 mm.
Preferably, in step 3), the equipment used for screening is a vibrating screen.
In the step 4), the loosened particle size D90 is 5-500 μm, wherein D90 is 5-500 μm, which means that the percentage content of minerals with particle sizes of 5-500 μm in the total amount of minerals is 90%, and the loosened particle size D90 is 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, 450 μm, or 500 μm.
In the step 4), the equipment adopted for scattering is an airflow mill.
Preferably, in the step 4), the rotating speed of the scattering machine is 3000-4000 r/min, for example, 3000r/min, 3100r/min, 3200r/min, 3300r/min, 3400r/min, 3500r/min, 3600r/min, 3700r/min, 3800r/min, 3900r/min, 4000 r/min; the scattering time is 1-10 min, for example, the scattering time is 1min, 2min, 3min, 4min, 5min, 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min, 10 min.
In step 5), the classified particle size is 10 to 30 μm, for example, the classified particle size is 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 14 μm, 15 μm, 16 μm, 17 μm, 18 μm, 19 μm, 20 μm, 21 μm, 22 μm, 23 μm, 24 μm, 25 μm, 26 μm, 27 μm, 28 μm, 29 μm, 30 μm.
In the step 5), the equipment adopted for grading is an airflow grader.
Preferably, in the step 5), the rotation speed of the grading grader is 500-1200 r/min, for example, the rotation speed of the grading grader is 500r/min, 600r/min, 700r/min, 800r/min, 900r/min, 1000r/min, 1100r/min and 1200 r/min.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the dry purification process of the low-grade bentonite comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the low-grade bentonite with montmorillonite content not more than 60% and sand content not less than 30% to the granularity of less than 1cm to obtain a crushed product;
2) carrying out coarse grinding on the crushed product, wherein the grinding speed of a grinder for the coarse grinding is 2000-3000 r/min, the grinding time of the coarse grinding is 10-60 s, and the weight percentage of minerals with the grinding granularity of less than 10mm is 60-90%, so as to obtain an ore grinding product;
3) screening the ground ore product, wherein the screening granularity is 3-7 mm, directly discharging sand from the oversize coarse fraction product, and screening to obtain an undersize product;
4) scattering the undersize product, wherein the rotating speed of a scattering machine for scattering is 3000-4000 r/min, the scattering time is 1-10 min, and the scattering particle size is D90 which is 5-500 mu m, so as to obtain a scattered product;
5) and grading the scattered products, wherein the rotating speed of a grading machine for grading is 500-1200 r/min, and the grading granularity is 10-30 mu m, so as to obtain the dry-method purified concentrate product.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the dry purification process of the low-grade bentonite, the low-grade bentonite with the montmorillonite content of less than or equal to 60% is selected as a raw material, and a new dry purification process of raw ore crushing, coarse grinding, screening, scattering and grading is adopted, so that the grade and the recovery rate of the montmorillonite in a dry purification product can be effectively improved.
(2) Compared with the existing wet purification process, the dry purification process of the low-grade bentonite has the advantages of simple process flow, short time and low production cost; the method has the advantages of greatly increased content of montmorillonite in the purified product and improved recovery rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a dry purification process of low grade bentonite according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the dry purification process of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of the dry purification process of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram of the wet purification process of comparative example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a process flow diagram of the conventional dry purification process of comparative example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached figures 1-5.
As shown in fig. 1, the dry purification process of low-grade bentonite of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the low-grade bentonite to obtain a crushed product;
2) carrying out coarse grinding on the crushed product to obtain a ground product;
3) screening the ground ore product, directly discharging sand from the oversize coarse fraction product, and screening to obtain an undersize product;
4) scattering the undersize product to obtain a scattered product;
5) and grading the scattered product to obtain a dry-method purified concentrate product.
Example 1
The dry purification process of low-grade bentonite in the embodiment has a process flow diagram shown in fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the low-grade bentonite with 55 percent of montmorillonite and 33 percent of sand content to the granularity of less than 1cm to obtain a crushed product;
2) carrying out coarse grinding on the crushed product, wherein the grinding speed of a grinder of the coarse grinding is 2500r/min, the grinding time of flash grinding is 20s, and the weight percentage of minerals with the grinding granularity of less than 10mm is 73.85%, so as to obtain a ground product;
3) screening the ground ore product, screening the ground ore product with the granularity of 5mm, directly discharging sand from the oversize coarse fraction product, and screening to obtain an undersize product;
4) scattering the undersize product, wherein the rotating speed of a scattering machine for scattering is 3500r/min, the scattering time is 3min, and the scattering particle size is D90-305 mu m, so as to obtain a scattered product;
5) and grading the scattered product, wherein the rotating speed of the grading grader is 1000r/min, and the grading granularity is 20 mu m, so that the dry-method purified concentrate product is obtained.
Example 2
The dry purification process of low-grade bentonite in the embodiment has a process flow diagram shown in fig. 3, and comprises the following steps:
1) crushing low-grade bentonite with 48 percent of montmorillonite and 41 percent of sand content to the granularity of less than 1cm to obtain a crushed product;
2) carrying out coarse grinding on the crushed product, wherein the grinding speed of a grinder of the coarse grinding is 2500r/min, the grinding time of flash grinding is 40s, and the weight percentage of minerals with the grinding granularity of less than 10mm is 71.34%, so as to obtain a ground product;
3) screening the ground ore product, screening the ground ore product with the granularity of 5mm, directly discharging sand from the oversize coarse fraction product, and screening to obtain an undersize product;
4) scattering the undersize product, wherein the rotating speed of a scattering machine for scattering is 3500r/min, the scattering time is 3min, and the scattering particle size is D90-298 mu m, so as to obtain a scattered product;
5) and grading the scattered product, wherein the rotating speed of the grading grader is 900r/min, and the grading granularity is 20 mu m, so that the dry-method purified concentrate product is obtained.
Comparative example 1
The wet purification process of the low-grade bentonite of the comparative example has a process flow chart shown in figure 4 and comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the low-grade bentonite with 55 percent of montmorillonite and 33 percent of sand content to the granularity of less than 1cm to obtain a crushed product;
2) the crushed product is mashed, the concentration of the mashed product is 30%, the time of the mashed product is 20min, the rotating speed of a mortar machine is 1500r/min, and the using amount of sodium hexametaphosphate is 0.2%, so that a mashed product is obtained;
3) screening the slurry-pounded product, wherein the granularity of a screen is 45 mu m, and directly polishing the screen product to obtain a product with the granularity of less than 45 mu m;
4) and (3) performing hydrocyclone purification on products with the particle size of less than 45 mu m, discarding underflow products with the particle size of +20 mu m, and obtaining overflow products with the particle size of-20 mu m, namely the wet-method purified concentrate products.
Comparative example 2
The conventional dry purification process of the low-grade bentonite of the comparative example has a process flow diagram shown in figure 5 and comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the low-grade bentonite with 55 percent of montmorillonite and 33 percent of sand content to the granularity of less than 1cm to obtain a crushed product;
2) scattering the crushed product, wherein the rotating speed of a scattering machine is 3000r/min, the scattering time is 20min, and the scattered product is obtained, wherein D90 is 313 mu m;
3) grading the scattered product, wherein the rotating speed of a grader is 1000r/min, and the grading granularity is 20 mu m, so that the conventional dry-method purified concentrate product is obtained.
The results of the product recovery and grade tests of the products obtained by the dry purification process of low-grade bentonite of examples 1 to 3 and the purification process of comparative examples 1 to 2 of the present invention are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Examples of the invention | Grade (%) | Recovery (%) |
| Example 1 | 76 | 79.14 |
| Example 2 | 71 | 75.53 |
| Comparative example 1 | 81 | 75.26 |
| Comparative example 2 | 64 | 65.31 |
As can be seen from table 1, compared with the conventional dry purification process and the wet purification process in the prior art, in the dry purification process of the low-grade bentonite of the present invention, the low-grade bentonite having a montmorillonite content of not more than 60% is selected as a raw material, and a new dry purification process of raw ore crushing, coarse grinding, screening, scattering and grading is adopted, so that the grade and recovery rate of the montmorillonite in the dry-purified product can be effectively improved, and the montmorillonite content of the low-grade bentonite can be improved by more than 10%; the recovery rate is more than 75 percent and can reach 79.14 percent at most; obviously improves the effect of dry purification and reduces the use limitation of the dry purification process.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the detailed process of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above detailed process, i.e., it is not intended that the present invention necessarily depends on the above detailed process for its implementation. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A dry purification process of low-grade bentonite with a montmorillonite mineral recovery rate of more than 75 percent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) crushing the low-grade bentonite to obtain a crushed product;
2) carrying out coarse grinding on the crushed product to obtain a ground product;
3) screening the ground ore product, directly discharging sand from the oversize coarse fraction product, and screening to obtain an undersize product;
4) scattering the undersize product to obtain a scattered product;
5) grading the scattered product to obtain a dry-method purified concentrate product;
in the step 1), the montmorillonite content in the low-grade bentonite is 48-60%, and the sand content is more than or equal to 30%;
in the step 2), the ore grinding product contains 60-90 wt% of minerals with the granularity of less than 10 mm;
the mill rotating speed of the coarse grinding and ore grinding is 2000-3000 r/min, and the ore grinding time of the coarse grinding and ore grinding is 10-60 s;
in the step 5), the grading granularity is 10-30 μm;
in the step 5), the equipment adopted for grading is an airflow grader.
2. The dry purification process according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the particle size of the crushed product is 1cm or less.
3. The dry purification process according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the crushing equipment is one of a jaw crusher, a cone crusher or a roller crusher.
4. The dry purification process according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the equipment used for coarse grinding is a jet mill.
5. The dry purification process according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the screened particle size is 3-7 mm.
6. The dry purification process according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the equipment used for screening is a vibrating screen.
7. The dry purification process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the particle size of the dispersion is D90 ═ 5 to 500 μm.
8. The dry purification process according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the equipment used for breaking up is a jet mill.
9. The dry purification process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the rotation speed of the scattering machine is 3000-4000 r/min, and the scattering time is 1-10 min.
10. The dry purification process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the rotation speed of the classifying classifier is 500-1200 r/min.
11. The dry purification process according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) crushing low-grade bentonite with 48-60% of montmorillonite and more than or equal to 30% of sand to obtain crushed product with granularity of less than 1 cm;
2) carrying out coarse grinding on the crushed product, wherein the grinding speed of a grinder for the coarse grinding is 2000-3000 r/min, the grinding time of the coarse grinding is 10-60 s, and the weight percentage of minerals with the grinding granularity of less than 10mm is 60-90%, so as to obtain an ore grinding product;
3) screening the ground ore product, wherein the screening granularity is 5mm, directly discharging sand from the oversize coarse fraction product, and screening to obtain an undersize product;
4) scattering the undersize product, wherein the rotating speed of a scattering machine for scattering is 3000-4000 r/min, the scattering time is 1-10 min, and the scattering particle size is D90 which is 5-500 mu m, so as to obtain a scattered product;
5) and grading the scattered products, wherein the rotating speed of a grading machine for grading is 500-1200 r/min, and the grading granularity is 10-30 mu m, so as to obtain the dry-method purified concentrate product.
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| CN110237921B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-04-27 | 芜湖飞尚非金属材料有限公司 | High-quality bentonite processing method |
| CN110367439B (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2023-01-10 | 苏州中材非金属矿工业设计研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing feed mildew removing agent by using low-grade clay mineral |
| CN112121963B (en) * | 2020-09-19 | 2022-01-11 | 江苏东方硕华光学材料有限公司 | Preparation process of organic bentonite |
| CN113070138B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-03-29 | 许世国 | Equipment for purifying montmorillonite from high-grade bentonite ore by dry method and production process of equipment |
| CN115106180B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2023-12-19 | 中南大学 | Method for selectively crushing and grinding enriched platinum group metals from spent automobile catalyst |
| CN115611289A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2023-01-17 | 芜湖飞尚非金属材料有限公司 | Comprehensive utilization method of low-grade bentonite raw ore |
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