CN108401256A - Secondary base station optimum position positioning based on cognitive radio and channel selecting method - Google Patents
Secondary base station optimum position positioning based on cognitive radio and channel selecting method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
- H04W64/003—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management locating network equipment
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Abstract
The positioning of secondary base station optimum position and channel selecting method that the present invention relates to a kind of based on cognitive radio, belong to mobile communication technology field.The method includes：In cognitive radio system, finds optimal position for secondary base station and carry out best channel selection.Can be movable in the normal communication for not influencing main-level systems, optimize the performance of subsystem.The coverage rate of secondary base station is maximized while achieving the purpose that maximize the handling capacity of whole network.Present invention combination population mechanism is secondary base station selected optimal position and communication channel, optimizes the performance of subsystem in the case of the complexity for the problem that reduces, while maximizing the handling capacity of entire subsystem and the coverage rate of secondary base station.Present invention contemplates that the problem of service quality, that is, QoS of user, the performance of whole network can be promoted while meeting the demand for services of main user and secondary user's, resource is effectively utilized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mobile communication technology field, be related to based on cognitive radio secondary base station optimum position positioning and
Channel selecting method.
Background technology
Cognitive radio (Cognitive Radio Networks, CRNs) is to be carried by doctor JosephMitola for 1999
Go out.Cognitive radio can perceive, learn and adapt to the environment of surrounding according to inside and outside stimulation.Cognitive radio
Strategy of the network based on dynamic frequency spectrum deployment allows unwarranted secondary user's (SU) in the main user not to having authorized
(PU) it causes under conditions of strong interference and PU shares frequency spectrum.The successful place of cognitive radio networks is exactly to be its difference
In the strategy of traditional fixed allocation frequency spectrum resource, the operation principle by dynamically distributing frequency spectrum can make main user and time
Grade user can share the same frequency spectrum resource.In the environment of current spectral scarcity of resources, this gate technique can be improved effectively for this
Frequency spectrum resource utilization rate enhances in frequency spectrum and resource allocation, what main user can not interfere PUs with secondary user's in SUs
In the case of, share frequency spectrum with secondary user's.Cognitive radio technology is due to its operation principle：Dynamic distribution frequency spectrum resource, makes
Obtain main user and secondary user's share spectrum resources and traditional frequency spectrum resource method of salary distribution can have greatly under certain conditions
Difference improves the utilization rate of frequency spectrum and resource, and is received weight as an effective technology for improving frequency spectrum scarcity problem
Depending on.Especially when Federal Communications Committee (Federal Communications Commission, FCC) report, largely permitted
Can the availability of frequency spectrum it is not high, after the case where causing precious frequency spectrum resource largely to waste, more and more researchers start to draw
Enter solution of the dynamic spectrum access (Dynamic Spectrum Access, DSA) as current spectral scarcity problem.Together
When, FCC suggests Rulemaking notice (Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, NPR) in NPRM.FCC 03.322
It is middle that cognitive radio technology (Cognitive Radio Networks, CRNs) is shared as frequency spectrum collaboration and chance is completed
Backup policy.
In cognitive radio, secondary user's can be with main user share spectrum resources under certain conditions.Dynamically
Interference problem has also been introduced while promoting frequency spectrum resource utilization rate in the strategy of distribution frequency spectrum.How main user not to be made
Achieve the purpose that secondary user's and main users to share resource in the case of at interference, this always is that needs are solved by emphasis
Problem.In the problem of distributing resource in cognitive radio networks framework for user at present, all schemes are required for ensureing
It is carried out under the normal communication of main user.The distribution of dynamic resource also brings certain contention for resource, and no matter which kind of resource is divided
Method of completing the square is required for preferentially ensureing the normal communication activity of main-level systems.
Inventor has found that it has the disadvantage that during studying the prior art：
In the existing Resource Allocation Formula based on cognitive radio, rarely has and optimal location positioning is carried out to secondary base station
Scheme proposes.And in fact, the position of base station can directly affect their interference to other neighboring users and base station.It is especially right
For secondary base station, inappropriate position may cause main-level systems larger interference, while also weakening itself and being
The performance of system.So even more particularly significant for the positioning of the optimal location of secondary base station.In addition, being carried out to base station best
Channel distribution can also reduce the common-channel interference between different system, while limited frequency spectrum resource is effectively utilized
Improve the performance of whole network.If can be positioned to the optimal location of secondary base station and optimum channel selection is divided in combination
Match, significantly will fundamentally improve the performance of whole network, is also optimized while effectively carrying out interference management
The performance of subsystem.Also, there is currently channel assignment scheme in, the problem of establishing the how lengthy and tedious complexity of method for solving.Though
Also can achieve the purpose that optimize network, but wherein operation dimension and the time cost of consuming are all very big.How in the problem of reduction
Rational resource allocation is carried out for subsystem in the case of complexity, this is also what rare scheme considered.
Invention content
It is that each secondary base station progress is optimal in view of this, it is an object of the invention in cognitive radio networks
Position positioning and best channel distribution, to reach the covering for maximizing the handling capacity of whole system and maximizing secondary base station
The purpose of rate.In addition, the invention also provides the concepts of secondary user's probability of occurrence.System has been refined according to the concept proposed
Model has carried out comprehensive interference for this model and has analyzed, all made moderate progress in interference management and in terms of reducing interference.Meanwhile
Based on the model proposed, it also may make finally obtained optimal distributing scheme that can reach the covering user for maximizing secondary base station
Several purposes.The method has also contemplated the QoS demand of each user, in the case where protecting main user, optimizes
The performance of subsystem.Meanwhile during finding obtained optimal distributing scheme, present invention combination PSO algorithms pair
Optimal location and the optimum channel selection of secondary base station carry out co-allocation.It is effectively realized while reducing problem complexity
The multiple target reached is needed above.To sum up, the present invention not only increases frequency spectrum resource utilization rate, is also reducing problem complexity
The performance of whole network is optimized in the case of degree.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
The positioning of secondary base station optimum position and channel selecting method, this method based on cognitive radio include following step
Suddenly：
S1：Current cognitive radio networks scene is comprehensively analyzed, in main-level systems main user,
Main base station, secondary user's, secondary base station in subsystem carry out interference source analysis respectively；Wherein, for main-level systems,
Only consider upper end link；And subsystem is communicated using the upper end link of main-level systems；
S2：Refine entire model of place according to secondary user's probability of occurrence, based on the obtained interference source point of prefinishing
The different SINR formula based on secondary user's and main user are derived in analysis；
S3：The capacity formula that each secondary base station and main-level systems are released according to SINR formula, goes out according to secondary user's
Existing probability obtains the coverage rate of current base station；
S4：Under these conditions, it is investigated, that is, had to big by the main user SINR threshold values different with secondary user's
In or be equal to different user setting SINR threshold values obtain optimal secondary base station in the case where protecting main user
Optimal location positions and the allocation plan of optimum channel selection.
Further, the step S2-S3 is specially：After the location determination of secondary base station, corresponding base station covers model
It encloses and also can determine that, then derived in-th grade base station ranges of kth using j-th of channel according to interference source analysis
The SINR formula of i-th-th secondary user's are：
Wherein, PsbIt is the transmission power of current secondary base station, hK, iIt is between current secondary user's and secondary base station IoT
Channel gain, PpuIt is the transmission power of main user,It is the channel gain between main user and secondary base station, { SBjTable
Show the secondary collection of base stations using j-th of channel, NuRefer to the number of users of-th grade base station coverings of kth, PsuIt is the i-th-th
The transmission power of secondary user's,Refer to include current subsystem other using j-th of channel secondary user's q with work as
The channel gain of preceding i-th-th secondary user's,Indicate that other including current secondary base station do not use time of j-th of channel
The channel gain of grade base station m and current i-th-th secondary user's, { SCmRepresent and belong to the user that base station m-th covered and close
Collection, n0Indicate noise；
For main-level systems, all PUs are distributed at the edge of main base station range, i.e. what PU was received comes from
The signal of PBS is most weak, while main user of these distribution at main base station range edge also can be to adjacent time
Grade user causes greatly to interfere, and the SINR formula of main base station are in the case：
Wherein, PpuIt is the transmission power of main user,It is the channel gain of current main user and base station,Point
Do not represent the channel gain between l-th mains base station and l1-th main users,It is to use phase with current main-level systems
Channel gain between the q-th secondary user's and l-th mains base station of cochannel j,It is with current main-level systems using identical
Channel gain between the m-th grade base station of channel j and l-th mains base station, { PBjIndicate to use the main of j-th of channel
Collection of base stations, { SBjIndicate to use the secondary collection of base stations of j-th of channel, { SCmRepresent and belong to base station m-th, it is covered
User's intersection, PsbIt is the transmission power of secondary base station, NuRefer to the number of users of-th grade base station coverings of kth, n0Expression is made an uproar
Sound；
Currently the capacity of subsystem is：
Wherein, B refers to the bandwidth of current spectral,It is the SINR value of the i-th-th secondary user's；
After obtaining the number of users of capacity and covering of each secondary base station, in order to ensure the activity of secondary user's not
To main, user interferes, and different SINR threshold values are respectively set to main user and secondary user's, each is ensured with this
The demand for services of user；Whether the SINR value of verification priority main user is more than or equal to the SINR threshold values for its setting；If
Be unsatisfactory for, even if then Current protocols meet the SINR demands of secondary user's and underproof scheme, with this come ensure main use
The normal communication activity at family；Finally by the method being combined with particle cluster algorithm, to be that each secondary base station is sought respectively
Optimal position positioning and best new single distribution selection scheme are found, is lived in the normal communication for ensureing main user with reaching
In the case of dynamic, maximize the handling capacity of whole network and maximize the purpose of the covering number of users of each secondary base station.
Further, the S4 is specially：
For secondary base station carry out optimal position positioning and channel selection according to the following equation：
Max U (x)=λ f1(x)+(1-λ)f2(x)
Wherein, ClIt is the capacity of l-th main-level systems, CqThe capacity of q-th secondary user's, PqIt is the current regions q-th
The probability of occurrence of interior secondary user's, NpIt is the total quantity of main user, NsFor the sum of secondary base station, { SCmRepresent and belong to base
Stand m-th, the user's intersection covered, ∑ { } be to { } from l=1 to NpSummation, λ is weight factor, value range 0
To 1.
Further, the interference source analysis is specially：
Main base station PBS in main-level systems will be used by from other using the main base station of same channel and main
Family, and the interference of secondary base station and secondary user's accordingly；Main user will by from use same channel PBS and
PUs, and use the interference of the SUs and SBSs of same channel with them；
Secondary base station SBS in subsystem will be used the secondary base station of same channel and secondary use by from other
Family, the interference of also corresponding PBSs and PUs；Secondary user's will by from the SUs and SBSs for using same channel, and
The interference of corresponding main-level systems.
Further, in the cognitive radio networks scene, the overlapping if the secondary base station range of appearance intersects,
Have when then the secondary user's in overlapping region select optimal base station to be communicated：The distance between user equipment and base station
Communication base station of that the larger base station as the user, if there is the equal situation of the distance between user equipment and base station
When, then consider the factor of the ID number of equipment user alternatively communication base station.
Further, in the model of place, entire scene is divided into the lattice of size equalization, corresponds to each
Position；In each lattice, all there is the ranging from numerical value of 0-1, indicate the probability of the SU occurred in current region；This
A little numerical value are all shown that numerical value is bigger more the probability for occurring secondary user's in the current lattice of the representative for approaching 1 by statistics；More
The probability for occurring secondary user's in 0 representative current region is smaller.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention can be based in cognitive radio networks system as each secondary base
It stands and finds the best position positioning for obtaining them and optimal channel assignment scheme, to reach in the normal of guarantee main user
The handling capacity of whole system is maximized under conditions of communication and maximizes the purpose of the coverage area of each secondary base station.And
Propose a new concept：Secondary user's probability of occurrence has refined entire model of place according to the concept carried.In channel point
In matching, also based on it is possible that base station range overlapping cause user not know the communication for selecting which base station as oneself
The case where base station, it is proposed that corresponding settlement mechanism.Also, method of the present invention can also optimize main to a certain extent
The performance of system, interference adjustments and management to whole system also play certain effect, optimize whole network
Performance.
Description of the drawings
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out
Explanation：
Fig. 1 is research schematic diagram of a scenario；
It is that best position positioning and optimal letter are distributed in each secondary base station that Fig. 2, which is in conjunction with population (PSO) mechanism,
The flow chart of road selection scheme.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
It is present invention research schematic diagram of a scenario referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1.In embodiments of the present invention, consideration is to have multiple mains
Base station l=1 ... L and multiple secondary base station m=1 ... the case where M.Wherein, each main base station and secondary base station have
The coverage area of oneself, the user in its coverage area communicate with the base station of oneself.In the present invention, for main system
The case where system, we only consider upper end link, and subsystem is then communicated using the upper end link of main-level systems.One master
Under the coverage area of grade base station, there are multiple main users.In the present invention, it is assumed that system bandwidth BHz, main user and secondary use
Share the frequency spectrum resource of this BHz in family.The phenomenon that coverage area of each base station will appear juxtaposition.
Based on the above scene, progress distributes best position positioning and optimal channel point to each secondary base station
Match.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the distribution side of the optimal location positioning and channel selection of the secondary base station based on cognitive radio
Method, steps are as follows：
Step 201：The topology diagram of the position and corresponding match channels of secondary base station is generated, and generates secondary user's
Probability of occurrence matrix.
Step 202：Population PSO parameters are initialized, population invariable number P, iterations N are set.And pbest=0 is enabled,
Gbest=0.
Step 203：The position of the secondary base station of position and speed more new formula initialization according to PSO particles and match channels
Allocation plan.
Step 204：Start first time iteration n.
Step 205：Start the iteration of the progress number of particles in nth iteration.Pth time iterates to calculate out each main
The SINR value P_WSINR of user.
Step 206：Judge whether P_WSINR is more than or equal to for the SINR threshold values of main user settingIf
It is to carry out step 207, if not then carrying out step 208：It is 0 that current pbest values, which are arranged,.
Step 207：According to formula be calculated each subsystem capacity and secondary base station covering number of users simultaneously
Obtain the pbest values of particle.
Step 209：Proceed by the iterative calculation of next particle, i.e. p=p+1.
Step 210：Judge whether p i.e. particle populations number is equal to total population invariable number P of setting.Population is indicated if being equal to
Between loop iteration terminate.Maximum value is begun look in all pbest and updates the value of gbest.Carry out next time total change
Generation, total iterations n=n+1.
Step 212：Whether verification current iteration sum n has been more than the iteration sum N of setting.If then exporting currently available
Gbest numerical value, and export current secondary base station location and channel assignment scheme, this scheme is then optimal scheme.If simultaneously
It is less than, needs to return to step 205, be iterated again, until reaching greatest iteration number.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (6)
1. the positioning of secondary base station optimum position and channel selecting method, feature based on cognitive radio include：This method packet
Include following steps：
S1：Current cognitive radio networks scene is comprehensively analyzed, for the main user in main-level systems
(Primary Users, PUs), main base station, secondary user's (Secondary Users, SUs), secondary base in subsystem
Stand (Secondary Base Station, SBS) carry out interference source analysis respectively；Wherein, for main-level systems, only in consideration
Hold link；And subsystem is communicated using the upper end link of main-level systems；
S2：Refine entire model of place according to secondary user's probability of occurrence, based on the obtained interference source analysis of prefinishing push away
Export based on secondary user's and main user different Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (Signal Interference Nosie Ratio,
SINR) formula；
S3：Each SBS and the capacity formula of main-level systems are released according to SINR formula, is obtained according to secondary user's probability of occurrence
The coverage rate of current base station；
S4：Under these conditions, investigated by the main user SINR threshold value different with secondary user's, that is, have to be more than or
It is optimal to obtain optimal secondary base station in the case where protecting main user for the SINR threshold values that person is equal to different user setting
Position positions and the allocation plan of optimum channel selection.
2. the positioning of secondary base station optimum position and channel selecting method according to claim 1 based on cognitive radio,
It is characterized in that：The step S2-S3 is specially：After the location determination of secondary base station, corresponding base station range
It can determine that, then derive i-th-in-th grade base station ranges of kth using j-th of channel according to interference source analysis
The SINR formula of th secondary user's are：
Wherein, PsbIt is the transmission power of current secondary base station, hK, iIt is the channel between current secondary user's and secondary base station IoT
Gain, PpuIt is the transmission power of main user,It is the channel gain between main user and secondary base station, { SBjIndicate to make
With the secondary collection of base stations of j-th of channel, NuRefer to the number of users of-th grade base station coverings of kth, PsuIt is the i-th-th secondary
The transmission power of user,Refer to do not include current subsystem other using j-th of channel secondary user's q and current the
The channel gain of i-th secondary user's,Indicate that other including current secondary base station do not use the secondary base of j-th of channel
The channel gain for m and current i-th-th secondary user's of standing, { SCmRepresent and belong to user's intersection that base station m-th is covered, n0
Indicate noise；
For main-level systems, all PUs are distributed at the edge of main base station range, i.e. what PU was received comes from PBS
Signal be most weak, while the main users of these distribution at main base station range edge can also use adjacent secondary
Family causes greatly to interfere, and the SINR formula of main base station are in the case：
Wherein, PpuIt is the transmission power of main user,It is the channel gain of current main user and base station,Generation respectively
Table the channel gain between l-th mains base station and l1-th main users,It is to use identical letter with current main-level systems
Channel gain between the q-th secondary user's and l-th mains base station of road j,It is to use same channel with current main-level systems
Channel gain between the m-th grade base station of j and l-th mains base station, { PBj } indicate the main base station using j-th of channel
Set, { SBjIndicate to use the secondary collection of base stations of j-th of channel, { SCmRepresent and belong to base station m-th, the user covered
Intersection, PsbIt is the transmission power of secondary base station, NuRefer to the number of users of-th grade base station coverings of kth, n0Indicate noise；
Currently the capacity of subsystem is：
Wherein, B refers to the bandwidth of current spectral,It is the SINR value of the i-th-th secondary user's；
After obtaining the number of users of capacity and covering of each secondary base station, in order to ensure the activity of secondary user's not to master
Grade user interferes, and different SINR threshold values are respectively set to main user and secondary user's, each user is ensured with this
Demand for services；Whether the SINR value of verification priority main user is more than or equal to the SINR threshold values for its setting；If discontented
Foot ensures main user's even if then Current protocols meet the SINR demands of secondary user's and underproof scheme with this
Normal communication activity；Finally by the side being combined with population (particle swarm optimization, PSO) algorithm
Method, to be that each secondary base station is found to obtain optimal position positioning and best new single distribution selection scheme respectively, with
Reach and ensureing that the normal communication of main user is movable, maximize the handling capacity of whole network and maximizes each
The purpose of the covering number of users of secondary base station.
3. the positioning of secondary base station optimum position and channel selecting method according to claim 1 based on cognitive radio,
It is characterized in that：The S4 is specially：
For secondary base station carry out optimal position positioning and channel selection according to the following equation：
Max U (x)=λ f1(x)+(1-λ)f2(x)
Wherein, ClIt is the capacity of l-th main-level systems, CqThe capacity of q-th secondary user's, PqIt is secondary in the current regions q-th
The probability of occurrence of grade user, NpIt is the total quantity of main user, NsFor the sum of secondary base station, { SCmRepresent and belong to base station m-
Th, the user's intersection covered, ∑ { } be to { } from l=1 to NpSummation, λ are weight factors, and value range is 0 to 1.
4. the positioning of secondary base station optimum position and channel selecting method according to claim 1 based on cognitive radio,
It is characterized in that：The interference source analysis is specially：
Main base station PBS in main-level systems will by from other main base stations and main user using same channel,
And the interference of corresponding secondary base station and secondary user's；Main user will by from use same channel PBS and
PUs, and use the interference of the SUs and SBSs of same channel with them；
Secondary base station SBS in subsystem will by from other secondary base stations and secondary user's using same channel,
The interference of also corresponding PBSs and PUs；Secondary user's will be by from the SUs and SBSs for using same channel, Yi Jixiang
The interference for the main-level systems answered.
5. the positioning of secondary base station optimum position and channel selecting method according to claim 1 based on cognitive radio,
It is characterized in that：In the cognitive radio networks scene, the overlapping if the secondary base station range of appearance intersects,
Secondary user's in overlapping region have when optimal base station being selected to be communicated：The distance between user equipment and base station is larger
Communication base station of that base station as the user, if there is the distance between user equipment and base station equal situation,
Consider the factor of the ID number alternatively communication base station of equipment user.
6. the positioning of secondary base station optimum position and channel selecting method according to claim 1 based on cognitive radio,
It is characterized in that：In the model of place, entire scene is divided into the lattice of size equalization, corresponds to each position
It sets；In each lattice, all there is the ranging from numerical value of 0-1, indicate the probability of the SU occurred in current region；These
Numerical value is all shown that numerical value is bigger more the probability for occurring secondary user's in the current lattice of the representative for approaching 1 by statistics；More lean on
The probability for occurring secondary user's in nearly 0 representative current region is smaller.
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