CN108401105B - Method for adjusting dynamic transfer function of space remote sensing TDICCD camera - Google Patents
Method for adjusting dynamic transfer function of space remote sensing TDICCD camera Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method for improving the dynamic transfer function of the space remote sensing TDICCD camera and the space camera combine the TDICCD charge burst transfer time sequence and the continuous transfer time sequence to form a new charge transfer time sequence, retain the advantage of high dynamic range of the TDICCD charge burst transfer time sequence, and improve the charge transfer function to the maximum extent by utilizing the characteristic of continuous charge transfer and improve the imaging quality of the remote sensing camera.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of space optics, in particular to a method for improving dynamic transfer function of a space remote sensing TDICCD camera and the space camera.
Background
The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of the camera describes the reduction of the contrast of an optical signal after passing through the camera, and the imaging quality of the camera can be objectively evaluated. For a Time Delay Integration (Time Delay Integration) CCD remote sensing camera, the dynamic transfer function can reflect the imaging quality of the CCD remote sensing camera more truly.
TDICCD is an area array CCD working in linear array mode, it is imaging in motion, and multiple exposures are made to the same object through multiple stages, increasing the integration time and thus increasing the light energy. Since the TDICCD is imaged in motion, in order to ensure the imaging quality, the satellite push-broom speed and the CCD charge transfer speed are required to be matched, otherwise, the push-broom image shift is generated, and the imaging quality is reduced. Therefore, in designing a TDICCD camera, the camera sweeping speed and the charge transfer speed are strictly controlled to match each other. However, even if the resolution in the push-broom direction of the TDICCD is lower than that in the vertical push-broom direction, the dynamic transfer function in the along-track direction of the current TDICCD remote sensing camera is only 0.64 times of that in the vertical-track direction except for the factors of motion mismatch, satellite vibration and the like. This is caused by the charge transfer process of the tdicc, which is discrete, but the camera swipe process is constant and continuous, and this image shift, called charge transfer image shift, cannot be eliminated. How to effectively improve the dynamic transfer function of the push-broom type remote sensing camera along the direction is a key technology for improving the imaging quality of the remote sensing camera.
The TDICCD charge transfer method is divided into continuous transfer and burst transfer. Burst transfer refers to a transfer time of charge that is short relative to the line integration period, with the charge transfer image shift approximating the pixel size. Continuous transfer means that the charge transfer is uniformly and continuously distributed in a row integration period. When continuous multiphase transfer is used, the charge is uniformly transferred from one stage to the next stage in multiple times (the times are related to the number of phases), so that the charge transfer image shift can be reduced, and the modulation transfer function of the charge transfer image shift is improved. However, in the current high-resolution remote sensing cameras, a burst-type charge transfer method is adopted. The reason is that when the continuous charge transfer is adopted, the number of the full-well charges of the CCD is reduced compared to the burst charge transfer method when the charges are transferred from the electrodes to the horizontal transfer register, thereby reducing the dynamic range of the camera.
Referring to fig. 1, the conventional vertical transfer of tdicc charges is burst clock charge transfer, which is a vertical transfer clock CI1, a vertical transfer clock CI2, a vertical transfer clock CI3, a vertical transfer clock CI4, and a transfer clock TCK from top to bottom, respectively, and the charge transfer is completed in a short time during one line transfer period, in such a manner that the charge transfer is approximately the size of a pixel, at which the charge transfer image modulation transfer function at the nyquist frequency is
MTFImage shift (discrete clock)＝sinc(a·f)＝0.6366
Where a denotes the pixel size, f denotes the spatial frequency, and f is 1/2a at the nyquist frequency. Referring to FIG. 2, the sequential charge transfer timing is performed uniformly in 8 transfers during a row transfer cycle, where the charge transfer is one eighth pixel size and the charge transfer is modulated with a transfer function of one
MTFImage shift (discrete clock)＝sinc(a/8·f)＝0.9936
It can be seen that at this point the modulation transfer function due to charge transfer image shift is already close to 1 and negligible. However, as can be seen from the figure, only CI4 is high before the transfer to TCK by the last vertical transfer clock CI4, i.e. the charge can only be stored in the potential well under CI4, the dynamic range drops to half of that in the burst clock transfer mode, which is not tolerable for the space remote sensing camera.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving dynamic transfer function of a space remote sensing TDICCD camera and the space camera, wherein a TDICCD charge burst transfer time sequence and a continuous transfer time sequence are combined to form a new charge transfer time sequence, the advantage of high dynamic range of the TDICCD charge burst transfer time sequence is reserved, and meanwhile, the charge transfer function is improved to the maximum extent by utilizing the characteristic of continuous charge transfer.
The invention provides a method for improving dynamic transfer function of a space remote sensing TDICCD camera, which comprises the following steps:
adjusting a charge transfer time sequence and completing charge transfer according to a preset number of times in each row transfer period;
acquiring the pixel size and the spatial frequency of the camera;
and readjusting the charge transfer image motion modulation transfer function according to the pixel size and the spatial frequency.
Optionally, the adjusting the charge transfer timing completes the charge transfer a predetermined number of times per each row transfer period, including:
adjusting a continuous charge transfer timing and a burst charge transfer timing;
in the state where the continuous charge transfer is performed, the charge transfer is completed by eight times in one row transfer period.
Optionally, the re-adjusting the charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function according to the pixel size and the spatial frequency comprises:
in a line transfer cycle, charge transfer is accomplished in 8 passes, with a charge transfer image shift of approximately three-eighths of a pixel size, and a charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function MTF at the Nyquist frequency of:
MTFimage shift (discrete clock)＝sinc(3a/8·f)；
Where a denotes the pixel size, f denotes the spatial frequency, and f is 1/2a at the nyquist frequency.
Optionally, the charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function MTF at the nyquist frequency is 0.9432.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
performing a charge transfer timing sequence using a four-phase transfer clock, the four-phase transfer clock satisfying: at any one instant, at least one phase clock is in a high state and at least one phase clock is in a low state.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the timing pulse of the camera is generated by counting the clock pulse by a counter and generating a zero clearing pulse by a plurality of groups of fixed decoders, and when each line is finished, a group of decoding circuits with variable values generate a zero clearing pulse to clear the counter and restart the timing of the next line.
Optionally, the timing pulse is generated by a TDICCD timing circuit, the TDICCD timing circuit includes a clock generating circuit, a counter circuit, and a decoding circuit, the clock generating circuit includes a crystal oscillation circuit and a frequency dividing circuit, two crystal oscillators share a set of inverters, and the main clock frequency is switched by a control signal sent by a main control microcomputer;
the counter circuit is a 12-bit synchronous counter consisting of three four-bit synchronous counters, generates 12-bit counting pulses and generates a clock signal by combining the counting pulses with a comparator;
the decoding circuit consists of a plurality of comparators, triggers and logic gate circuits, a group of 12-bit comparators compares the period determined by a 2-bit counter and a main control microcomputer, when the two values are equal, the end of one line period is indicated, the output signal of the comparators clears the counter to start the next line period.
The invention further provides a space camera, and the space camera is applied to the method for improving the dynamic transfer function of the space remote sensing TDICCD camera.
Optionally, the space camera is a TDICCD space remote sensing camera.
According to the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the method for improving the dynamic transfer function of the space remote sensing TDICCD camera and the space camera combine the TDICCD charge burst transfer time sequence and the continuous transfer time sequence to form a new charge transfer time sequence, retain the advantage of high dynamic range of the TDICCD charge burst transfer time sequence, and improve the charge transfer function to the maximum extent by utilizing the characteristic of continuous charge transfer and improve the imaging quality of the remote sensing camera.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art abrupt charge transfer timing diagram;
FIG. 2 is a prior art sequential charge transfer timing diagram;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of equipment setup during testing of the method for improving dynamic transfer function of the space remote sensing TDICCD camera provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of a method for improving a dynamic transfer function of a spatial remote sensing TDICCD camera provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a prior art MTF test chart using a conventional charge transfer timing sequence;
fig. 6 is an MTF test chart in a charge transfer timing sequence of the method for improving a dynamic transfer function of a space remote sensing tdicc camera provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. the system comprises vertical transfer clocks CI1, 2, vertical transfer clocks CI2, 3, vertical transfer clocks CI3, 4, vertical transfer clocks CI4, 5, transfer clocks TCK, 6, target rollers, 7, a collimator, 8, remote sensing TDICCD cameras, 9 and an air floating platform.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, as well as in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The modulation transfer function is also called a spatial contrast transfer function (spatial contrast transfer function) and a spatial frequency contrast sensitivity function (spatial frequency contrast sensitivity function). The ability of the optical system to deliver various frequency sinusoid modulation degrees is reflected as a function of spatial frequency.
The dynamic range is a performance parameter for describing the proportion of the minimum light energy and the maximum light energy which can be detected by the CCD and is an important index in a remote sensing camera.
The invention provides a method for improving dynamic transfer function of a space remote sensing TDICCD camera, which comprises the following steps:
and adjusting the charge transfer timing and completing the charge transfer according to the preset times in each row transfer period, wherein the preset times are completed according to 8 times by adopting one row transfer period.
Acquiring the pixel size and spatial frequency of the camera, wherein f is 1/2a under the Nyquist frequency, wherein a represents the pixel size, and f represents the spatial frequency;
readjusting the charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function according to the pixel size and spatial frequency, the charge transfer being performed in 8 passes during a line transfer period, in such a way that the charge transfer image shift depends on T8The image shift in time is approximately three-eighths of a pixel size, where the charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function at the nyquist frequency is:
MTFimage shift (discrete clock)＝sinc(3a/8·f)
The method for improving the dynamic transfer function of the space remote sensing TDICCD camera combines the TDICCD charge burst transfer time sequence and the continuous transfer time sequence to form a new charge transfer time sequence, retains the advantage of high dynamic range of the TDICCD charge burst transfer time sequence, and improves the charge transfer function to the maximum extent by utilizing the characteristic of continuous charge transfer and the imaging quality of the remote sensing camera.
Optionally, the adjusting the charge transfer timing completes the charge transfer a predetermined number of times per each row transfer period, including:
adjusting a continuous charge transfer timing and a burst charge transfer timing;
in the state where the continuous charge transfer is performed, the charge transfer is completed by eight times in one row transfer period.
Optionally, the re-adjusting the charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function according to the pixel size and the spatial frequency comprises:
in a line transfer cycle, charge transfer is accomplished in 8 passes, with a charge transfer image shift of approximately three-eighths of a pixel size, and a charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function MTF at the Nyquist frequency of:
MTFimage shift (discrete clock)＝sinc(3a/8·f)；
Where a denotes the pixel size, f denotes the spatial frequency, and f is 1/2a at the nyquist frequency.
Alternatively, the MTF of the charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function at the Nyquist frequency is 0.9432, and the space remote sensing camera can be improved to 0.9432 from 0.6366 while the dynamic transfer function of the remote sensing TDICCD camera is ensured.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
performing a charge transfer timing sequence using a four-phase transfer clock, the four-phase transfer clock satisfying: at any instant, at least one phase of clock is in high state, and at least one phase of clock is in low state, in order to ensure the charge transmission efficiency, it must be ensured that the high state of adjacent phases are overlapped by at least 1 μ S, the larger the overlap time is, the better the adjacent low state is, and the highest clock frequency is 200 kHZ.
The TCK clock is referred to as the transfer clock and when TCK and CR1 are high, charge is transferred from the last row of the photosensitive region to the CRI phase of the output register. The high level time of the TCK cannot coincide with the high level time of the CRI twice, the CI1 clock signal can not become low after the TCK and the CR1 are at high level for at least 100ns, the falling edge of the TCK occurs at least 100ns before the falling edge of the CR1, and at least 19s after the falling edge of the CI1, and experiments show that the accurate matching of the TCK and the CR1 and the CI1 is the key for ensuring the correct output of the pixel charge packet.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the timing pulse of the camera is generated by counting the clock pulse by a counter and generating a zero clearing pulse by a plurality of groups of fixed decoders, and when each line is finished, a group of decoding circuits with variable values generate a zero clearing pulse to clear the counter and restart the timing of the next line.
Optionally, the timing pulse is generated by a TDICCD timing circuit, the TDICCD timing circuit includes a clock generating circuit, a counter circuit, and a decoding circuit, the clock generating circuit includes a crystal oscillation circuit and a frequency dividing circuit, two crystal oscillators share a set of inverters, and the main clock frequency is switched by a control signal sent by a main control microcomputer;
the counter circuit is a 12-bit synchronous counter consisting of three four-bit synchronous counters, generates 12-bit counting pulses and generates a clock signal by combining the counting pulses with a comparator;
the decoding circuit consists of a plurality of comparators, triggers and logic gate circuits, a group of 12-bit comparators compares the period determined by a 2-bit counter and a main control microcomputer, when the two values are equal, the end of one line period is indicated, the output signal of the comparators clears the counter to start the next line period.
Referring to fig. 4 and 6, a dynamic transfer function test is performed on the engineering camera by respectively adopting continuous and abrupt change charge transfer timing, the test system comprises a target roller 6, a collimator 7, a remote sensing tdicc camera 8 and an air floating platform 9, the position of the collimator 7 is adjusted to enable a uniform light source to irradiate on a target of the target roller 6 to form a target image, the collimator places the target image at infinity according to an optical principle, the remote sensing tdicc camera images the target image at infinity, and an imaging result refers to fig. 6.
The invention further provides a space camera, and the space camera is applied to the method for improving the dynamic transfer function of the space remote sensing TDICCD camera.
Optionally, the space camera is a tdicpcd space remote sensing camera, which is not limited to this.
The space camera provided by the invention combines the TDICCD charge burst transfer time sequence and the continuous transfer time sequence to form a new charge transfer time sequence, retains the advantage of high dynamic range of the TDICCD charge burst transfer time sequence, and simultaneously utilizes the characteristic of continuous charge transfer to furthest promote the charge transfer function and improve the imaging quality of the remote sensing camera.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by associated hardware instructed by a program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic or optical disk, or the like.
The above detailed description is provided for the method for improving dynamic transfer function of a space remote sensing tdicc camera and the space camera, and for those skilled in the art, there may be changes in the specific implementation manner and the application scope according to the idea of the embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for adjusting the dynamic transfer function of the spatial remote sensing TDICCD camera is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
adjusting a charge transfer time sequence and completing charge transfer according to a preset number of times in each row transfer period;
acquiring the pixel size and the spatial frequency of the camera;
readjusting the charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function according to the pixel size and the spatial frequency;
the adjusting of the charge transfer timing to complete the charge transfer a predetermined number of times per each row transfer period includes:
adjusting a continuous charge transfer timing and a burst charge transfer timing;
in the state of continuous charge transfer, the charge transfer is completed according to eight times in one row transfer period;
the readjusting of the charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function according to the pixel size and the spatial frequency comprises:
in a line transfer period, the charge transfer is completed in 8 times, the charge transfer image shift value is three-eighths of a pixel size, and the charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function MTF under the Nyquist frequency is as follows:
MTFimage shift (discrete clock)＝sinc(3a/8·f)；
Wherein a represents the pixel size, f represents the spatial frequency, and f is 1/2a at the nyquist frequency;
the method further comprises the following steps:
performing a charge transfer timing sequence using a four-phase transfer clock, the four-phase transfer clock satisfying: at any one instant, at least one phase clock is in a high state and at least one phase clock is in a low state.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the charge transfer image shift modulation transfer function MTF has a value of 0.9432 at the nyquist frequency.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
the timing pulse of the camera is generated by counting the clock pulse by a counter and generating a zero clearing pulse by a plurality of groups of fixed decoders, and when each line is finished, a group of decoding circuits with variable values generate a zero clearing pulse to clear the counter and restart the timing of the next line.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the timing pulse is generated by a TDICCD timing circuit, the TDICCD timing circuit comprises a clock generating circuit, a counter circuit and a decoding circuit, the clock generating circuit comprises a crystal oscillation circuit and a frequency dividing circuit, two crystal oscillators share a set of inverters, and the main clock frequency is switched by a control signal sent by the main control microcomputer;
the counter circuit is a 12-bit synchronous counter consisting of three four-bit synchronous counters, generates 12-bit counting pulses and generates a clock signal by combining the counting pulses with a comparator;
the decoding circuit consists of a plurality of comparators, triggers and logic gate circuits, wherein a group of 12-bit comparators is used for comparing the period determined by the 2-bit counter and the main control microcomputer, when the two values are equal, the end of one line period is indicated, the output signal of the comparator clears the counter, and the next line period is started.
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| CN109238304B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-09-08 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Ultrahigh-speed line frequency variation testing device for space camera |
| CN111610001B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-09-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Wide remote sensing image MTF ground simulation testing device |
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