CN108399967A - Flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cable - Google Patents

Flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cable Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108399967A
CN108399967A CN201810056056.7A CN201810056056A CN108399967A CN 108399967 A CN108399967 A CN 108399967A CN 201810056056 A CN201810056056 A CN 201810056056A CN 108399967 A CN108399967 A CN 108399967A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
fire
retardant
retardance
refractory insulating
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Application number
CN201810056056.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
常志贤
杨会兰
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Xinjiang Xin Zhuoda Cable Co Ltd
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Xinjiang Xin Zhuoda Cable Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810056056.7A priority Critical patent/CN108399967A/en
Publication of CN108399967A publication Critical patent/CN108399967A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L7/00Compositions of natural rubber
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L83/00Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L83/04Polysiloxanes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0216Two layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/04Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • H01B7/2825Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable using a water impermeable sheath
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02Elements
    • C08K2003/026Phosphorus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/38Boron-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/387Borates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00Applications
    • C08L2203/20Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
    • C08L2203/202Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cables, including conducting wire, which is characterized in that the conducting wire 1 is coated with the fire-retardant composite layer of the first refractory insulating layer, fire insulation, the second refractory insulating layer, high fire-retardance fiberglass layer and restrictive coating successively from inside to outside;Using the above structure, it is few that smoke amount when accident is in burning situation occurs, securely and reliably, there is preferable anti-flammability, no pernicious gas and corrosive gas, can effectively reduce accidental loss.

Description

Flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cable
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cables.
Background technology
The electric wire of Chinese Enterprises production at present, is coated, conductive core therein by conductive core line and insulating materials Line mostly uses aluminium or copper material, and the insulating materials of outer layer is mainly polyvinyl chloride and polythene material, due to polychlorostyrene in insulating materials Fire easily occurs in electrical system accidental short circuit for ethylene, polyethylene wire and cable, generates pernicious gas, and when burning can release The toxic smog of high concentration, obstructs the view, and influences escape and fire extinguishing or even direct causing death.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, there is preferable flexibility, high temperature resistant and fire prevention The flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cable of performance.
The technical scheme is that flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cable, including conducting wire 1, which is characterized in that institute It states conducting wire 1 and is coated with the fire-retardant composite layer 3 of the first refractory insulating layer 2, fire insulation, the second refractory insulating layer 4, high resistant successively from inside to outside Fiberglass layer 5 and restrictive coating 6 are fired, first refractory insulating layer, 2 and second refractory insulating layer 4 includes using modification polyurethane elastomer Body, nano modification polyolefin polymer, nano-meter flame retardants, plasticizer, nanometer antismoke agent, filler and compound are mixed, institute It states the first refractory insulating layer 2 and the second refractory insulating layer 4 is made of the raw material of following parts by weight:Modified polyurethane elastomer 30-70, nano modification polyolefin polymer 10-15, nano-meter flame retardants 0.01-.05, plasticizer 0.1-0.5, nanometer antismoke agent 0.01-0.5, filler 1-3, compound 1-5;The fire-retardant composite layer 3 of fire insulation includes internal layer and outer layer, the internal layer including using Using the fiberglass sleeve refuge floor that inner wall is band coating;The outer layer uses swelling agent, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension and mica The expansion refuge floor that grain is mixed;The high fire-retardance fiberglass layer 5 includes the first glass winding layer, high fire-retardance packing layer and second Glass winding layer, the high fire-retardance packing layer are made of the raw material of following parts by weight:Methyl vinyl silicone rubber 16, polystyrene 14, polyvinyl chloride 11, haloflex 10, antimony oxide 3, red phosphorus 2, ammonium phosphate 1, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension 34, water Close zinc borate 11, stearic acid 0.7, sodium thiosulfate 3.2, decabromodiphenyl acid 2, mica particles 20, modified aluminium hydroxide 18;It is described Restrictive coating 6 is high fire-retardance rubber layer.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be the nano-meter flame retardants using red phosphorus and be added zinc borate, magnesium hydroxide and Kaolin, the plasticizer is using one or two kinds of in diphenyl 2 ethylhexyl phosphate, phosphoric acid hexichol isopropylbenzene ester, the nanometer smoke elimination Agent use, the filler using mica particles, bentonite, montmorillonite, the compound using silica flour, White Carbon black, land plaster, The short fibre of glass, clay, mica powder.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be the high fire-retardance rubber layer of the restrictive coating 6 by the raw material system of following parts by weight At:Natural rubber 80-90, reclaimed rubber 45-65, nitrile rubber 15-25, haloflex 2-4, terpene resin 2-4, ammonium phosphate 1-2, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension 5-7, stearic acid 1-2, decabromodiphenyl acid 2-3, mica powder 10-15, modified aluminium hydroxide 10- 12, thio-2 acid 2.5-4.5, modified filler 18-20.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be that the modified filler is used using organic siliconresin as base-material, addition nylon, The batch mixing of the short fibre of silica flour, white carbon, land plaster, glass, clay, mica powder.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows by the conducting wire 1 be coated with successively from inside to outside the first refractory insulating layer 2, every The fire-retardant composite layer 3 of fire, the second refractory insulating layer 4, high fire-retardance fiberglass layer 5 and restrictive coating 6, first refractory insulating layer 2 and the Two refractory insulating layers 4 include using modified polyurethane elastomer, nano modification polyolefin polymer, nano-meter flame retardants, plasticizer, Nanometer antismoke agent, filler and compound are mixed, and first refractory insulating layer, 2 and second refractory insulating layer 4 is by following The raw material of parts by weight is made:Modified polyurethane elastomer 30-70, nano modification polyolefin polymer 10-15, nano-meter flame retardants 0.01-.05, plasticizer 0.1-0.5, nanometer antismoke agent 0.01-0.5, filler 1-3, compound 1-5;The fire insulation is fire-retardant compound Layer 3 is including using including internal layer and outer layer, the internal layer is using the band coating fiberglass sleeve refuge floor of inner wall;The outer layer uses The expansion refuge floor that swelling agent, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension are mixed with mica particles;The high fire-retardance fiberglass layer 5 includes First glass winding layer, high fire-retardance packing layer and the second glass winding layer, the high fire-retardance packing layer by following parts by weight original Material is made:Methyl vinyl silicone rubber 16, polystyrene 14, polyvinyl chloride 11, haloflex 10, antimony oxide 3, red phosphorus 2, ammonium phosphate 1, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension 34, hydration zinc borate 11, stearic acid 0.7, sodium thiosulfate 3.2, decabromodiphenyl Acid 2, mica particles 20, modified aluminium hydroxide 18;The restrictive coating 6 is high fire-retardance rubber layer;Due to conducting wire 1 from inside to outside according to It is secondary to be coated with the fire-retardant composite layer 3 of the first refractory insulating layer 2, fire insulation, the second refractory insulating layer 4, high fire-retardance fiberglass layer 5 and restrictive coating 6, occur to form dense sintering body when accident is in burning situation under high temperature, being isolated from the outside to be bonded on filler 4 not will produce The vertical phenomenon of drop, does not generate pernicious gas and corrosive gas, and smoke amount is few, securely and reliably, has preferable anti-flammability, without harmful Gas and corrosive gas can effectively reduce accidental loss.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention
1, conducting wire 1,2, the first refractory insulating layer in Fig. 1,3, the fire-retardant composite layer of fire insulation, the 4, second refractory insulating layer, 5, high fire-retardance Fiberglass layer, 6, restrictive coating.
Specific implementation mode
According to Fig. 1, the present invention relates to a kind of flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cable, including conducting wire 1, features It is, the conducting wire 1 is coated with the fire-retardant composite layer 3 of the first refractory insulating layer 2, fire insulation, the second hot-face insulation successively from inside to outside Layer 4, high fire-retardance fiberglass layer 5 and restrictive coating 6, first refractory insulating layer, 2 and second refractory insulating layer 4 include using modified poly- Urethane elastomer, nano modification polyolefin polymer, nano-meter flame retardants, plasticizer, nanometer antismoke agent, filler and compound mixing It is made, first refractory insulating layer, 2 and second refractory insulating layer 4 is made of the raw material of following parts by weight:Modified polyurethane Elastomer 30-70, nano modification polyolefin polymer 10-15, nano-meter flame retardants 0.01-.05, plasticizer 0.1-0.5, nanometer disappear Fumicants 0.01-0.5, filler 1-3, compound 1-5;The fire-retardant composite layer 3 of fire insulation include using including internal layer and outer layer, it is described Internal layer is using the band coating fiberglass sleeve refuge floor of inner wall;The outer layer uses swelling agent, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension and cloud The expansion refuge floor that female particle is mixed;The high fire-retardance fiberglass layer 5 include the first glass winding layer, high fire-retardance packing layer and Second glass winding layer, the high fire-retardance packing layer are made of the raw material of following parts by weight:Methyl vinyl silicone rubber 16, polyphenyl Ethylene 14, polyvinyl chloride 11, haloflex 10, antimony oxide 3, red phosphorus 2, ammonium phosphate 1, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension 34, hydration zinc borate 11, stearic acid 0.7, sodium thiosulfate 3.2, decabromodiphenyl acid 2, mica particles 20, modified aluminium hydroxide 18;The restrictive coating 6 is high fire-retardance rubber layer.
Technical scheme of the present invention be also preferably the nano-meter flame retardants using red phosphorus and be added zinc borate, magnesium hydroxide and Kaolin, the plasticizer is using one or two kinds of in diphenyl 2 ethylhexyl phosphate, phosphoric acid hexichol isopropylbenzene ester, the nanometer smoke elimination Agent use, the filler using mica particles, bentonite, montmorillonite, the compound using silica flour, White Carbon black, land plaster, The short fibre of glass, clay, mica powder.
Technical scheme of the present invention is also preferably the high fire-retardance rubber layer of the restrictive coating 6 by the raw material system of following parts by weight At:Natural rubber 80-90, reclaimed rubber 45-65, nitrile rubber 15-25, haloflex 2-4, terpene resin 2-4, ammonium phosphate 1-2, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension 5-7, stearic acid 1-2, decabromodiphenyl acid 2-3, mica powder 10-15, modified aluminium hydroxide 10- 12, thio-2 acid 2.5-4.5, modified filler 18-20.
Technical scheme of the present invention is also preferably that the modified filler is used using organic siliconresin as base-material, addition nylon, The batch mixing of the short fibre of silica flour, white carbon, land plaster, glass, clay, mica powder.
The present invention has following features:
1, electric wire and cable material is in combustion testing, the fire-retardant composite layer 3 of the first refractory insulating layer 2, fire insulation, the second refractory insulating layer 4, high fire-retardance fiberglass layer 5 forms dense sintering body at high temperature, is isolated from the outside to be bonded on filler 4 not will produce to drip and hang down now As not generating pernicious gas and corrosive gas;
Smoke amount is few when 2, burning, and has preferable anti-flammability;
3, since the first refractory insulating layer 2 and the second refractory insulating layer 4 include poly- using modified polyurethane elastomer, nano modification Olefin polymer, nano-meter flame retardants, plasticizer, nanometer antismoke agent, filler and compound are mixed, first hot-face insulation Layer 2 and the second refractory insulating layer 4 are made of the raw material of following parts by weight:Modified polyurethane elastomer 30-70, nano modification are poly- Olefin polymer 10-15, nano-meter flame retardants 0.01-.05, plasticizer 0.1-0.5, nanometer antismoke agent 0.01-0.5, filler 1-3, Compound 1-5;The fire-retardant composite layer 3 of fire insulation includes internal layer and outer layer including using, and the internal layer is band coating using inner wall Fiberglass sleeve refuge floor;The expansion that the outer layer is mixed using swelling agent, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension with mica particles Refuge floor;The high fire-retardance fiberglass layer 5 includes the first glass winding layer, high fire-retardance packing layer and the second glass winding layer, described High fire-retardance packing layer is made of the raw material of following parts by weight:Methyl vinyl silicone rubber 16, polystyrene 14, polyvinyl chloride 11, Haloflex 10, antimony oxide 3, red phosphorus 2, ammonium phosphate 1, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension 34, hydration zinc borate 11, tristearin Acid 0.7, sodium thiosulfate 3.2, decabromodiphenyl acid 2, mica particles 20, modified aluminium hydroxide 18;The restrictive coating 6 is high fire-retardance Rubber layer;The flame retardant property of electric wire can be further increased, while improving insulation performance, hardness and water resistance.

Claims (4)

1. flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cable, including conducting wire(1), which is characterized in that the conducting wire(1)From inside to outside according to It is secondary to be coated with the first refractory insulating layer(2), the fire-retardant composite layer of fire insulation(3), the second refractory insulating layer(4), high fire-retardance fiberglass layer(5) And restrictive coating(6), first refractory insulating layer(2)With the second refractory insulating layer(4)Including using modified polyurethane elastomer, Nano modification polyolefin polymer, nano-meter flame retardants, plasticizer, nanometer antismoke agent, filler and compound are mixed, and described One refractory insulating layer(2)With the second refractory insulating layer(4)It is made of the raw material of following parts by weight:Modified polyurethane elastomer 30-70, nano modification polyolefin polymer 10-15, nano-meter flame retardants 0.01-.05, plasticizer 0.1-0.5, nanometer antismoke agent 0.01-0.5, filler 1-3, compound 1-5;The fire-retardant composite layer of fire insulation(3)It is described interior including using including internal layer and outer layer Layer is using the band coating fiberglass sleeve refuge floor of inner wall;The outer layer uses swelling agent, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension and mica The expansion refuge floor that particle is mixed;The high fire-retardance fiberglass layer(5)Including the first glass winding layer, high fire-retardance packing layer and Second glass winding layer, the high fire-retardance packing layer are made of the raw material of following parts by weight:Methyl vinyl silicone rubber 16, polyphenyl Ethylene 14, polyvinyl chloride 11, haloflex 10, antimony oxide 3, red phosphorus 2, ammonium phosphate 1, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension 34, hydration zinc borate 11, stearic acid 0.7, sodium thiosulfate 3.2, decabromodiphenyl acid 2, mica particles 20, modified aluminium hydroxide 18;The restrictive coating(6)For high fire-retardance rubber layer.
2. flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cable according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The nano-meter flame retardants Using red phosphorus and zinc borate, magnesium hydroxide and kaolin is added, the plasticizer is different using diphenyl 2 ethylhexyl phosphate, phosphoric acid hexichol One or two kinds of in propyl benzene ester, the nanometer antismoke agent uses, and the filler is described using mica particles, bentonite, montmorillonite Compound is using silica flour, White Carbon black, land plaster, the short fibre of glass, clay, mica powder.
3. flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cable according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The restrictive coating(6) High fire-retardance rubber layer be made of the raw material of following parts by weight:Natural rubber 80-90, reclaimed rubber 45-65, nitrile rubber 15- 25, haloflex 2-4, terpene resin 2-4, ammonium phosphate 1-2, magnesium hydroxide milky suspension 5-7, stearic acid 1-2, ten bromines connection Benzoic acid 2-3, mica powder 10-15, modified aluminium hydroxide 10-12, thio-2 acid 2.5-4.5, modified filler 18-20.
4. flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cable according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The modified filler is adopted To organic siliconresin be base-material, addition nylon, silica flour, white carbon, land plaster, short fibre of glass, clay, mica powder mix Material.
CN201810056056.7A 2018-01-20 2018-01-20 Flexible fireproof layer flame-retardant and fire-resistant wire and cable Pending CN108399967A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110143026A (en) * 2019-05-14 2019-08-20 如皋天安电气科技有限公司 A kind of silicon rubber composite material
CN110515168A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-11-29 江苏中天科技股份有限公司 Easily peelable dry fiber optic micro-pipe and dry type microbeam optical cable
CN111825935A (en) * 2020-08-11 2020-10-27 佛山市南海崇泰防火材料有限公司 Flexible fireproof tube for wires and cables and application thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102254594A (en) * 2011-03-31 2011-11-23 贵州长江通信实业有限公司 Double-layer metal cladded flame-retardant electric cable
CN102476473A (en) * 2010-11-26 2012-05-30 章聚鑫 Flexible barrier
CN204614488U (en) * 2015-05-23 2015-09-02 李和良 A kind of environment-friendly type insulated anticorrosion shielded type cable
CN106098157A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-11-09 新疆鑫卓达线缆有限公司 Double-layer metal cladded flame-retardant electric cable

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102476473A (en) * 2010-11-26 2012-05-30 章聚鑫 Flexible barrier
CN102254594A (en) * 2011-03-31 2011-11-23 贵州长江通信实业有限公司 Double-layer metal cladded flame-retardant electric cable
CN204614488U (en) * 2015-05-23 2015-09-02 李和良 A kind of environment-friendly type insulated anticorrosion shielded type cable
CN106098157A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-11-09 新疆鑫卓达线缆有限公司 Double-layer metal cladded flame-retardant electric cable

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110143026A (en) * 2019-05-14 2019-08-20 如皋天安电气科技有限公司 A kind of silicon rubber composite material
CN110515168A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-11-29 江苏中天科技股份有限公司 Easily peelable dry fiber optic micro-pipe and dry type microbeam optical cable
CN111825935A (en) * 2020-08-11 2020-10-27 佛山市南海崇泰防火材料有限公司 Flexible fireproof tube for wires and cables and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20180814