CN108399643A - A kind of outer ginseng calibration system between laser radar and camera and method - Google Patents
A kind of outer ginseng calibration system between laser radar and camera and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108399643A CN108399643A CN201810232731.7A CN201810232731A CN108399643A CN 108399643 A CN108399643 A CN 108399643A CN 201810232731 A CN201810232731 A CN 201810232731A CN 108399643 A CN108399643 A CN 108399643A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/80—Analysis of captured images to determine intrinsic or extrinsic camera parameters, i.e. camera calibration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/86—Combinations of lidar systems with systems other than lidar, radar or sonar, e.g. with direction finders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10004—Still image; Photographic image
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20112—Image segmentation details
- G06T2207/20164—Salient point detection; Corner detection
Abstract
The method that the present invention provides outer ginseng calibration between a kind of laser radar and industrial camera, belongs to computer vision and robot field.Problems solved by the invention is:When laser radar and industrial camera cooperate, unified coordinate system is needed, needs to estimate the outer ginseng between laser radar and industrial camera.Main includes obtaining camera posture by camera gridiron pattern, the posture of laser radar is obtained by radar data, according to the outer ginseng relationship between laser radar and camera, estimate the outer ginseng between laser radar and industrial camera, further, in conjunction with multiframe data, optimize the outer ginseng between laser radar and industrial camera.This patent can be good at estimating outer ginseng between laser radar and camera.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to computer visions and robot field, are related to a kind of outer ginseng calibration system of laser radar and camera
And method.
Background technology
Three-dimensional reconstruction has very important effect in computer vision and robot field, is virtual reality, intelligence
Monitoring, the basis of the applications such as robot path planning.Laser radar can directly acquire three-dimensional depth information, and image can obtain
Texture and color information, the system that the two is combined can obtain more true three-dimensional scenic.Between laser radar and camera
The calibration of outer ginseng can ensure data fusion between two kinds of sensors.
Three-dimensional reconstruction is broadly divided into two classes:Based on camera image carry out three-dimensional reconstruction and based on the three-dimensional of laser radar
It rebuilds.Three-dimensional reconstruction based on image includes mainly the acquisition of image, the calibration of camera, feature point extraction, Feature Points Matching, table
Several steps such as face reconstruction.
Algorithm for reconstructing based on laser radar, laser radar can directly acquire depth information, and common ICP algorithm does three-dimensional
The fusion of point cloud.
Laser radar and the system of camera fusion can reach real-time resurfacing, and can obtain abundant texture letter
Breath.Outer ginseng between laser radar and camera can ensure the unification of system coordinates, be non-in multi-sensor Information Fusion System
Normal part and parcel.
Invention content
Outer ginseng calibration system and method between a kind of laser radar of present invention offer and camera.Include the following steps:
Step 1:Camera posture is obtained by camera gridiron pattern;
Step 2:Laser radar posture is obtained by laser radar data
Step 3:Outer ginseng estimation between laser radar and camera
Step 4:The outer ginseng estimation of optimization
Further, the step 1 is specially further:Camera is moved around gridiron pattern, ensures that gridiron pattern is located at camera
Within sweep of the eye.By taking two width views as an example, the i-th frame and jth frame are taken out, it is assumed that i < j.By Corner Detection Algorithm, can obtain
Then the X-comers of each image utilize correlation matching algorithm that can robustly obtain the matching relationship of X-comers.
Since X-comers are in the same plane, correspondence is constrained in homography matrix H, can by decomposing homography matrix H
To obtain four groups of possible camera postures, but effectively 3D points must be positioned in front of camera, according to the constraints, can filter out
Real camera postureHomogeneous coordinates:
Wherein, i, j indicate the i-th frame and jth frame, i < j respectively.R indicates that spin matrix, t indicate translation matrix.
Further, the step 2 is specially further:Assuming that radar be ready for camera it is synchronous, extraction the i-th frame and
Jth frame (identical as the i-th frame of camera and jth frame moment) radar data obtains this two frames thunder according to the algorithm that LOAM systems provide
Up to the posture between data.
First, the characteristic point of radar data is extracted, the smoothness of current point can be assessed with following formula:
Wherein,It indicates under radar fix system, the three-dimensional coordinate of m-th point of kth frame point cloud, S is indicated around current point
The set of neighborhood point.The larger and smaller point of current smooth degree is chosen respectively as angle point and planar point, this two classes point, which is used as, works as
The characteristic point of previous frame point cloud.
Then, it is assumed that present frame is the i-th frame, obtains set of characteristic points Pi, jth frame point cloud is saved in KDTree, energy
Enough quick obtaining set PiThe closest point of middle characteristic point, using these closest points as PiMatch point.In this way, two frame radars
Relationship between point cloud data can be described as follows:
Wherein,Indicate the spin matrix between i-th, j frames, two frame radar data,Indicate translation vector.
Here to straight line and point to the distance in face as the distance inside ICP algorithm, iterative solution obtains current selected point
Posture between two frame radar datas
Further, the step 3 is specially further:By step 1,2, obtain mutually the i-th frame and jth frame phase in the same time
Machine and the respective relative attitude of radarWith
It can obtain:
Wherein,Indicate the outer ginseng between camera and laser radar.
R and t are substituted into respectively, obtained:
WhereinWithIt is the spin matrix and translation vector between camera and radar.
Wherein R ∈ SO (3) can be obtained by Lie algebra to Lie group index mapping:
Wherein Exp indicates Lie algebra to the index mapping of Lie group.Following relationship can be obtained by formula above:
So:
Assuming that matrixSingular value decomposition M=USV is done to MT
So:
It willIt is updated in the relational expression of t.
So:
Here an initial outer ginseng estimation has been obtained.
It is that two width views obtain the outer ginseng between laser radar and camera above.
Further, the step 4 is specially further:Obtained outer ginseng is further optimized, is regarded by two width
Figure obtains the outer ginseng between radar and camera, outer between the radar and camera between further, making adjacent view two-by-two
Ginseng, after obtaining several groups result, is averaged.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the system and method that outer ginseng calibration between a kind of laser radar and camera is provided,
System includes following module:
Data acquisition module, data include gridiron pattern image sequence and radar point cloud data, pass through camera and laser respectively
Radar obtains.
Computer processing module, including:A. image X-comers detection module, b. two field pictures join estimation module outside,
C. laser radar characteristic point detection module, two frame radars of d. join estimation module outside, outer ginseng estimation between e. laser radars and camera
Module, f. multiframe data are averaged module.
A. image X-comers detection module:To current two field pictures, present image is extracted using Corner Detection Algorithm
In X-comers.
B. join estimation module outside two field pictures:To current two field pictures, obtains current two card using corners Matching relationship and scheme
Homography matrix H as between can obtain four groups of different outer ginseng estimations, according to three by the decomposition to homography matrix H
Dimension point must fall the constraint in front of Current camera, find out correct Attitude estimation.
C. laser radar characteristic point detection module:According to radar data smoothness estimation formulas among the above, symbol is filtered out
The characteristic point of conjunction condition is used as match point by the closest spatial point of KDTree removal search next frames.
D. join estimation module outside two frame radars:According to above-mentioned radar points movement relation, equation group is built, two continuous frames are obtained
Outer ginseng posture between radar data.
E. outer between laser radar and camera to join estimation module:By above-mentioned formula, ginseng and Camera extrinsic outside radar are utilized
Between mathematical relationship, obtain between laser radar and camera outer ginseng estimation.
F. multiframe data are averaged module:Above-mentioned module is applied between two continuous frames data and obtains multigroup laser thunder
The outer ginseng estimation between camera is reached, spin matrix is converted into rotating vector, is averaged.
This method can robustly estimate the outer ginseng between laser radar and industrial camera.
Description of the drawings
Description of the drawings further understands technical solution of the present invention for providing, and a part for constitution instruction, with
The implementation technical solution for explaining the present invention together of the present invention, does not constitute the limitation to technical solution of the present invention.Attached drawing
It is described as follows:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for the present invention.Fig. 2 is the hardware composition figure of present system.
Specific implementation mode
As shown in Figure 1, the system and method that the present invention provides outer ginseng calibration between a kind of laser radar and industrial camera, packet
Include following steps:
Step 1:Image X-comers detect
It, can be with rapid extraction X-comers using Corner Detection Algorithm.
Step 2:Join estimation outside two field pictures
Using X-comers matching relationship, the homography matrix between two width views is obtained, by homography matrix
Constraint in front of camera of decomposition and real space point, obtain the Attitude estimation between two field pictures.
Step 3:Laser radar characteristic point detects
The smoothness of present frame radar data, current point can be assessed with following formula:
Wherein,It indicates under radar fix system, the three-dimensional coordinate of m-th point of kth frame point cloud, S is indicated around current point
The set of neighborhood point.The larger and smaller point of current smooth degree is chosen respectively as angle point and planar point, this two classes point, which is used as, works as
The characteristic point of previous frame point cloud.
Step 4:Join estimation outside two frame radars
Present frame is the i-th frame, obtains set of characteristic points Pi, jth frame point cloud is saved in KDTree, it being capable of quick obtaining
Set PiThe closest point of middle characteristic point, using these closest points as PiMatch point.In this way, two frame radar point cloud datas it
Between relationship can be described as follows:
Here to straight line and point to the distance in face as the distance inside ICP algorithm, iterative solution obtains current selected point
Posture between two frame radar datas
Step 5:Outer ginseng estimation between laser radar and camera
Mutually the i-th frame and jth frame camera and the respective relative attitude of radar in the same timeWith
It can obtain:
R and t are substituted into respectively, obtained:
WhereinWithIt is the outer ginseng between camera and radar.Wherein R ∈ SO (3), by Lie algebra to Lie group index mapping,
It can obtain:
Following relationship can be obtained by formula above:
So:
Assuming that matrixSingular value decomposition M=USV is done to MT
So:
It willIt is updated in the relational expression of t.
So:
Here an initial outer ginseng estimation has been obtained.
Step 6:Multiframe data are averaged
Above-mentioned steps are applied between two continuous frames data and obtain outer ginseng estimation between multigroup laser radar and camera, it will
Spin matrix is converted into rotating vector, averages.
As shown in Figure 2.The method that the present invention provides outer ginseng calibration between a kind of laser radar and industrial camera, including it is as follows
Module:
201 data acquisition modules mainly obtain three-dimensional point cloud by laser radar, and chessboard table images are obtained by camera
Sequence.
202 computer processing modules, including:A. image X-comers detection module, b. two field pictures join estimation mould outside
Block, c. laser radar characteristic point detection modules, two frame radars of d. join estimation module outside, and outer ginseng is estimated between e. laser radars and camera
Module is counted, f. multiframe data are averaged module.
A. image X-comers detection module:To current two field pictures, present image is extracted using Corner Detection Algorithm
In X-comers.
B. join estimation module outside two field pictures:Two width are obtained using X-comers matching relationship to current two field pictures
Homography matrix between view is obtained by the constraint of decomposition and real space point in front of camera to homography matrix
Attitude estimation between two field pictures.
C. laser radar characteristic point detection module:According to radar data smoothness estimation formulas among the above, symbol is filtered out
The characteristic point of conjunction condition is used as match point by the closest spatial point of KDTree removal search next frames.
D. join estimation module outside two frame radars:According to above-mentioned radar points movement relation, equation group is built, two continuous frames are obtained
Outer ginseng posture between radar data.
E. outer between laser radar and camera to join estimation module:By above-mentioned formula, ginseng and Camera extrinsic outside radar are utilized
Between mathematical relationship, obtain between laser radar and camera outer ginseng estimation.
F. multiframe data are averaged module:Above-mentioned module is applied between two continuous frames data and obtains multigroup laser thunder
The outer ginseng estimation between camera is reached, spin matrix is converted into rotating vector, is averaged.
Those skilled in the art should be understood that the system structure of the above-mentioned present invention and each step can be with general
Computing device realizes that they can be concentrated on a single computing device, or is distributed in the net of multiple computing devices compositions
On network, the present invention is not limited to any specific hardware and softwares to combine.
Although the embodiment shown or described by the present invention is as above, the content is only to facilitate understand this
The embodiment of invention and use, is not limited to the present invention.Any those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains,
Do not depart from disclosed herein spirit and scope under the premise of, any repair can be done in the formal and details of implementation
Change and change, but the scope of patent protection of the present invention, still should be subject to the scope of the claims as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. the outer ginseng calibration system and method for a kind of laser radar and camera, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Step 1:Camera posture is obtained by camera gridiron pattern;
Step 2:Laser radar posture is obtained by laser radar data
Step 3:Outer ginseng estimation between laser radar and camera
Step 4:The outer ginseng estimation of optimization
Including following module:
Data acquisition module, data include gridiron pattern image sequence and radar point cloud data, pass through camera and laser radar respectively
It obtains.
Computer processing module, including image X-comers detection module, two field pictures join estimation module outside, and laser radar is special
Sign point detection module, two frame radars join estimation module outside, and outer between laser radar and camera to join estimation module, multiframe data ask flat
Mean module.
2. the outer ginseng scaling method of a kind of laser radar according to claim 1 and camera, which is characterized in that the step
2 are specially further:Camera is moved around gridiron pattern, ensures that gridiron pattern is located within the scope of camera fields of view.By taking two width views as an example,
The X-comers of each image are obtained, then utilize correlation matching algorithm that can robustly obtain very much of X-comers
With relationship.Since X-comers are in the same plane, correspondence is constrained in homography matrix H, by decomposing homography
Matrix H can obtain four groups of possible camera postures, but effectively 3D points must be positioned in front of camera, according to the constraints, just
Real camera posture can be filtered outHomogeneous coordinates:
Further, the step 2 is specially further:The characteristic point of radar data is extracted, the smoothness of current point can be used
Following formula is assessed:
Wherein,It indicates under radar fix system, the three-dimensional coordinate of m-th point of kth frame point cloud, S indicates current point surrounding neighbors
The set of point.The larger and smaller point of current smooth degree is chosen respectively as angle point and planar point, this two classes point is as present frame
The characteristic point of point cloud.
In this way, the relationship between two frame radar point cloud datas can be described as follows:
Here to straight line and point to the distance in face as the distance inside ICP algorithm, iterative solution obtains working as front cross frame selected point
Posture between radar data
3. the outer ginseng scaling method of a kind of laser radar according to claim 1 and camera, which is characterized in that the step
3 are specially further:By step 2, the i-th frame and jth frame camera and the respective relative attitude of radar in the same time are obtained mutuallyWith
It can obtain:
By Lie algebra to Lie group index mapping, can obtain:
Following relationship can be obtained by formula above:
So:
By above-mentioned relation, the outer ginseng estimation between laser radar and camera can be obtained.Multiframe data are done further excellent later
Change.
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