CN108398318A - The method and device of rock surface types of fractures and distribution is determined based on digital image correlation technique - Google Patents
The method and device of rock surface types of fractures and distribution is determined based on digital image correlation technique Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 321
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims 57
- 206010053206 Fracture displacement Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 6
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method and device determining rock surface types of fractures and distribution based on digital image correlation technique, wherein, the method for determining rock surface types of fractures and distribution based on digital image correlation technique, the image information of rock fracture in experimental period is preset by acquisition, the image information that different time acquires is matched with the initial pictures of the rock fracture, obtain surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system, further according to the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, determine the developing direction of the rock fracture, then type and the distribution of the rock fracture are determined according to the developing direction of the rock fracture.The crack information in method provided by the invention can get rock surface crack in forming process each stage, the type and its fractions distribution for further determining that each stage crack can solve the problems, such as that the prior art can only determine rock fracture type and its fractions distribution after rock fracture end-state is formed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical measurement mechanics, engineering detecting fields, more particularly to one kind to be determined based on digital image correlation technique
The method and device of rock surface types of fractures and distribution.
Background technology
The type in rock surface crack can be divided into tensioning type crack (I type), plane shear type crack (II type) and compound
Type crack (I-II type).Determine that not only having to scientific research but also to commercial Application for the types of fractures of rock is extremely far-reaching
Meaning.On the one hand, rock is a kind of anisotropic heterogeneous material, and different cracking initiation modes corresponds to different fractures
Intensity.Therefore, judge that the types of fractures of rock contributes to the failure mechanism for understanding rock and the breakdown strength for estimating rock.It is another
Aspect, unconventional energy resource exploitation needs to improve the conduction of reservoir using hydraulic fracturing technology, and different hydraulic fracture types
There is different effects to the transformation of reservoir conduction, for example, II type hydraulic fracture is compared to other kinds of hydraulic fracture energy
Enough significantly more efficient conductions for improving reservoir.Therefore, how to determine that types of fractures also results in the extensive pass of petroleum industrial circle
Note.
There are two ways to the prior art judges rock surface types of fractures with distribution, one is according to rock surface crack
Direction and the loading direction of power be formed by angle to judge.For example, in conventional single compression experiment, if the above-mentioned angle of axis is
Zero or 180 degree, then it is assumed that the crack is tensioning type crack, and the crack has the fractions distribution in tensioning type crack, if above-mentioned folder
Angle is 45 degree of angles, then it is assumed that the crack is shearing-type crack, and the crack has the fractions distribution in shearing-type crack.It is another
It is the type that crack is observed and judged according to the configuration of surface of rock fracture by scanning electron microscope, if fracture faces form
Distribution is in tearing dress or zigzag, then it is assumed that the crack is that tensioning type crack is recognized if fracture faces fractions distribution is filled in scratch
It is shearing-type crack for it.
But the method for the prior art can only distinguish tensioning type crack after the formation of rock surface crack end-state
With shearing-type crack and the fractions distribution of surface crack.
Invention content
The present invention provide it is a kind of based on digital image correlation technique determine rock surface types of fractures and distribution method and
Device can only distinguish tensioning type crack and shearing to solve the prior art after the formation of rock surface crack end-state
The problem of fractions distribution of type crack and surface crack.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides one kind determining rock surface types of fractures and distribution based on digital image correlation technique
Method, the method includes：
The image information of rock fracture is acquired in default experimental period, the rock fracture is rock surface crack；
Matching treatment is carried out using the image information of different time acquisition and the initial pictures of the rock fracture, obtains institute
State surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system；
According to the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, the developing direction of the rock fracture is determined；
Type and the distribution of the rock fracture are determined according to the developing direction of the rock fracture.
Further, the image information that rock fracture is acquired in default experimental period, including：
In default experimental period, the image information of the rock fracture is acquired according to default acquisition rate
Further, the surface-displacement according under the global coordinate system, determines the development of the rock fracture
Direction, including：
According to the horizontal displacement field of the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, the development side of the rock fracture is determined
To.
Further, the developing direction according to the rock fracture determines the type of the rock fracture, including：
Using the developing direction of the rock fracture and the direction vertical with the developing direction of the rock fracture as axis,
Establish local coordinate system；
Surface-displacement under the global coordinate system is converted to the local coordinate system；
Tensioning displacement and the shear displacemant for determining the rock fracture are fastened in the local coordinate；
According to the tensioning displacement of the rock fracture and shear displacemant, type and the distribution of the rock fracture are determined.
Further, described according to the tensioning displacement of the rock fracture and shear displacemant, determine the rock fracture
Type, including：
If there are the minimum precision that the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of both sides is more than measuring system for the rock fracture
Position, and the absolute value of the difference of the shear displacemant of all position both sides of the rock fracture is both less than the measuring precision,
Then think that the rock fracture type is tensioning type crack, the rock fracture is distributed as tearing shape and/or zigzag form point
Cloth；
If there are the minimum precision that the absolute value of the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides is more than measuring system for the rock fracture
Position, and the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of all position both sides of the rock fracture is both less than the measuring precision,
Then think that the rock fracture type is shearing-type crack, the rock fracture is distributed as scratch shape fractions distribution；
If the absolute value that the rock fracture had both had the difference of the tensioning displacement of both sides is more than the minimum smart of measuring system
The position of degree, there is also the positions that the absolute value of the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides is both greater than the minimum precision of measuring system, then
Think that the rock fracture type is mixed mode, the rock fracture is distributed as tearing shape and/or zigzag and scratch shape
Mixed style is distributed.
Second aspect determining that rock surface types of fractures fills the present invention also provides a kind of based on digital image correlation technique
It sets, described device includes：
Image information collecting module, the image information for acquiring rock fracture in default experimental period, the rock
Crack is rock surface crack；
Image information matching module, the initial graph for image information and the rock fracture using different time acquisition
As carrying out matching treatment, surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system is obtained；
Processing module, for according to the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, determining the development of the rock fracture
Direction；
Determining module, the type for determining the rock fracture according to the developing direction of the rock fracture.
Further, described image information acquisition module is specifically used for：
In default experimental period, the image information of the rock fracture is acquired according to default acquisition rate.
Further, the processing module, is specifically used for：
According to the horizontal displacement field of the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, the development side of the rock fracture is determined
To.
Further, the determining module, is specifically used for：
Using the developing direction of the rock fracture and the direction vertical with the developing direction of the rock fracture as axis,
Establish local coordinate system；
Surface-displacement under the global coordinate system is converted to the local coordinate system；
Tensioning displacement and the shear displacemant for determining the rock fracture are fastened in the local coordinate；
According to the tensioning displacement of the rock fracture and shear displacemant, type and the distribution of the rock fracture are determined.
Further, the determining module, is specifically used for：
If there are the minimum precision that the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of both sides is more than measuring system for the rock fracture
Position, and the absolute value of the difference of the shear displacemant of all position both sides of the rock fracture is both less than the measuring precision,
Then think that the rock fracture type is tensioning type crack, the rock fracture is distributed as tearing shape and/or zigzag form point
Cloth；
If there are the minimum precision that the absolute value of the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides is more than measuring system for the rock fracture
Position, and the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of all position both sides of the rock fracture is both less than the measuring precision,
Then think that the rock fracture type is shearing-type crack, the rock fracture is distributed as scratch shape fractions distribution；
If the absolute value that the rock fracture had both had the difference of the tensioning displacement of both sides is more than the minimum smart of measuring system
The position of degree, there is also the positions that the absolute value of the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides is both greater than the minimum precision of measuring system, then
Think that the rock fracture type is mixed mode, the rock fracture is distributed as tearing shape and/or zigzag and scratch shape
Mixed style is distributed.
The present invention provide it is a kind of based on digital image correlation technique determine rock surface types of fractures and distribution method and
Device, wherein determine that the method for rock surface types of fractures and distribution is default real by acquiring based on digital image correlation technique
The image information for testing rock fracture in the time, by the initial pictures of image information and the rock fracture of different time acquisition into
Row matching treatment obtains surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system, further according under the global coordinate system
Surface-displacement, determine the developing direction of the rock fracture, institute then determined according to the developing direction of the rock fracture
State type and the distribution of rock fracture.Realizing can be with the developing direction of continuous observation rock fracture, according to the whole of rock fracture
A evolution determines types of fractures and distribution so that types of fractures and distribution determination are more accurate.
Description of the drawings
It, below will be to attached drawing needed in the description of each embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of various embodiments of the present invention
It is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, common for this field
For technical staff, without having to pay creative labor, other drawings may also be obtained based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the method provided by the invention for determining rock surface types of fractures and distribution based on digital image correlation technique
The flow chart of embodiment one；
Fig. 2 determines rock surface types of fractures and the device of distribution to be provided by the invention based on digital image correlation technique
The structural schematic diagram of embodiment one.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the method provided by the invention for determining rock surface types of fractures and distribution based on digital image correlation technique
The flow chart of embodiment one, it is provided in this embodiment that rock surface types of fractures and distribution are determined based on digital image correlation technique
Method, executive agent can be based on digital image correlation technique to determine rock surface types of fractures and the device of distribution, example
Such as computer, processor, the present invention are not restricted.
As shown in Figure 1, this method may include：
S101, the image information that rock fracture is acquired in default experimental period, the rock fracture split for rock surface
Seam.
Optionally, in default experimental period, the image information of the rock fracture is acquired according to default acquisition rate.Example
Such as, default acquisition rate be could be provided as into 5/second, may be alternatively provided as other values, the present invention is not limited, can basis
It is specific to need that acquisition rate is arranged.Different default acquisition rates, which is arranged, can make the time of acquisition image in default experimental period
Point is different, obtains the image information of rock fracture described in different moments.
The image information of acquisition names preservation sequentially in time, and when subsequent processing can be according to the filename of image information
To determine the acquisition time of the collected rock fracture image information.
S102, matching treatment is carried out using the image information of different time acquisition and the initial pictures of the rock fracture,
Obtain surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system.
With the development of rock fracture, the image of collected rock fracture can occur on the initial pictures of rock fracture
Variation.
Specifically, it is reference picture by the initial pictures of the rock fracture of default experimental period initial time acquisition,
The image information that different time in default experimental period acquires is matched with initial pictures using digital image correlation technique,
Obtain surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system.
Wherein, it should be noted that the surface-displacement refers to the set of body surface each point displacement.According to not Tongfang
To displacement, the surface-displacement can be divided into horizontal displacement field and vertical displacement field.
Obtaining the process of surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system can be：Firstly, it is necessary to first
Beginning image and the image information of different time acquisition carry out distortion and handle, and then, any point P are chosen on initial picturesiFor
One length and width of work at center are all the block of pixels Block-i of 2k+1 pixel, and wherein k is the integer more than 0, is acquired in different time
Image information in specify range searching, with any point P in specified regiondCentered on make a length and width all be 2k+1 pixel picture
Plain block Block-d, by comparing PiColor value and specified region in any point PdColor value, according to calculation formula calculate picture
The related coefficient of plain block Block-i and block of pixels Block-d, the point with maximum correlation coefficient value is P in search rangei
Deformed corresponding points then calculate the displacement on image between pixel and image can be obtained by repeatedly matching and calculating
The displacement of middle all the points, to obtain surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system.
S103, according to the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, determine the developing direction of the rock fracture.
By comparing the initial pictures of the image and rock fracture of the rock fracture of acquisition, the hair of rock fracture can be known
Open up direction.A kind of mode can determine the developing direction of rock fracture according to the surface-displacement under global coordinate system.
Optionally, according to the horizontal displacement field of the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, the rock fracture is determined
Developing direction.The contour of horizontal displacement, the congruent point of contour are taken in horizontal displacement field under the global coordinate system
For the tip in the crack of corresponding time, the starting point of the rock fracture and the line direction of congruent point are the rock fracture
Developing direction.
S104, type and the distribution that the rock fracture is determined according to the developing direction of the rock fracture.
The type and fractions distribution of different moments rock fracture are determined by the entire evolution of rock fracture.
In the present embodiment, the image information of rock fracture in experimental period is preset by acquisition, by different time acquisition
Image information and the initial pictures of the rock fracture carry out matching treatment, obtain the rock fracture under global coordinate system
Surface-displacement determines the developing direction of the rock fracture, then further according to the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system
Type and the distribution of the rock fracture are determined according to the developing direction of the rock fracture.Realizing can be with continuous observation rock
The developing direction in crack, according to the entire evolution of rock fracture determine types of fractures with distribution so that types of fractures with point
It is more accurate that cloth determines.
Specifically, type and the distribution of the rock fracture, Ke Yiyou are determined according to the developing direction of the rock fracture
Following procedure：
First, with the developing direction of the rock fracture it is and the side vertical with the developing direction of the rock fracture
To for axis, local coordinate system is established.Wherein, using the developing direction of the rock fracture as Y-axis, with the hair with the rock fracture
It is X-axis to open up the vertical direction in direction, establishes above-mentioned local coordinate system.The direction vertical with the developing direction of the rock fracture can
Be with the developing direction of the rock fracture can also be with the developing direction of the rock fracture at 90 degree of direction at negative
90 degree of direction, two kinds of different local coordinate systems of X-axis being built such that have no effect on final result of calculation, so establishing
When local coordinate system, appoints and take a direction vertical with the rock fracture developing direction for X-axis.
There can be an angle theta between the global coordinate system and local coordinate system, according to Formula of Coordinate System Transformation y '=x "
Sin θ+y " cos θ and x '=x " cos θ-y " sin θs, wherein θ is the angle of global coordinate system and local coordinate system, x " and y " point
Coordinate that Wei be in global coordinate system, x ' and y ' are respectively the coordinate in local coordinate system, and passing through above-mentioned Formula of Coordinate System Transformation will
Surface-displacement under global coordinate system is converted to the surface-displacement under local coordinate system.
It should be noted that displacement consistent with the rock fracture developing direction in local coordinate system is tensioning position
It moves, the displacement with the rock fracture developing direction vertical direction is shear displacemant.
The both sides setting sampling line of the rock fracture described in local coordinate system, samples the development of line and the rock fracture
Direction is parallel, obtains tensioning displacement and shear displacemant of the rock fracture on the sampling line.Wherein, the sampling line with
The distance between local coordinate system Y-axis is to have the position more than 0 along all rock fracture positions of the rock fracture developing direction
Minimum range in the distance of shifting.
Further, by the size of the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of the rock fracture both sides and shear displacemant
The size of the absolute value of difference is compared with measuring system precision respectively, determines type and the distribution of the rock fracture.If
The rock fracture is more than to measure in the rock fracture developing direction there are the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of both sides
The position for precision of uniting, and the rock fracture is in the difference of the shear displacemant of all position both sides of the rock fracture developing direction
Absolute value be both less than measuring system precision, then it is assumed that the crack is tensioning type crack, i.e. I type crack, the rock fracture point
Cloth is tearing shape and/or zigzag fractions distribution.
If the rock fracture is in the rock fracture developing direction, there are the absolute values of the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides
More than the position of measuring system precision, and the rock fracture is in the tensioning of all position both sides of the rock fracture developing direction
The absolute value of the difference of displacement is both less than measuring system precision, then it is assumed that the crack is shearing-type crack, i.e. II type crack is described
Rock fracture is distributed as scratch shape fractions distribution.
If both there is the absolute of the difference of the tensioning displacement of both sides in the rock fracture developing direction in the rock fracture
For value more than the position of measuring system precision, there is also the absolute values of the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides to be more than measuring system precision
Position, then it is assumed that the crack is mixed mode, i.e. I-II crack, and the rock fracture is distributed as tearing shape and/or zigzag
It is distributed with scratch shape mixed style.
Optionally, the rock fracture can be determined according to the coordinate position of starting point in global coordinate system and congruent point
Area distribution, i.e., the described rock fracture are distributed in the regional extent between starting point and congruent point.
By comparing the difference of the tensioning displacement of rock fracture both sides absolute value and measuring system precision magnitude relationship and
The magnitude relationship of the absolute value and measuring system precision of the difference of the shear displacemant of rock fracture both sides, can not only objectively sentence
Break and the type and fractions distribution of rock fracture, the type and fractions distribution result accuracy of obtained rock fracture are high, moreover it is possible to
Enough area distributions according to starting point in rock fracture developing direction and the location determination rock fracture of congruent point, and the present invention
The method of middle determining rock surface types of fractures and fractions distribution is easy to operate, applicability is more extensive.
Fig. 2 determines rock surface types of fractures and the device of distribution to be provided by the invention based on digital image correlation technique
The structural schematic diagram of embodiment one, it is provided in this embodiment to determine rock surface types of fractures and distribution based on digital correlation techniques
Device be used to execute embodiment shown in FIG. 1 provides based on digital image correlation technique determine rock surface types of fractures with
The method of distribution.
As shown in Fig. 2, the device includes：Image information collecting module 21, image information matching module 22, processing module
23, determining module 24.
Wherein, image information collecting module 21, the image information for acquiring rock fracture in default experimental period, institute
It is rock surface crack to state rock fracture.
Image information matching module 22, the image information for being used to acquire using different time are initial with the rock fracture
Image carries out matching treatment, obtains surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system.
Processing module 23, for according to the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, determining the hair of the rock fracture
Open up direction.
Determining module 24, the type for determining the rock fracture according to the developing direction of the rock fracture.
In above-mentioned apparatus embodiment, image information collecting module 21 is specifically used in default experimental period according to default
Acquisition rate acquires the image information of rock fracture.For example, default acquisition rate could be provided as 5/second, may be alternatively provided as
Others value, the present invention are not limited, and according to specific can need that acquisition rate is arranged.Different default acquisition rates is set
The time point of acquisition image in default experimental period can be made different, obtain the image information of rock fracture described in different moments.
The image information of acquisition is named be stored in image information collecting module sequentially in time, and when subsequent processing can
The acquisition time of the collected rock fracture image information is determined according to the filename of image information.
Optionally, above-mentioned image information collecting module can be the industrial camera being connect with the computer with Fixed disk.
Optionally, stable light source can also be set on the surface of tested rock, to be maintained at quilt in default experimental period
The luminous intensity for surveying rock surface is consistent.
Image information matching module 22 is specifically used for the rock fracture for acquiring default experimental period initial time
Initial pictures are reference picture, the image information for being acquired different time in default experimental period using digital image correlation technique
It is matched with initial pictures, obtains surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system.
With the development of rock fracture, the image of 21 collected rock fracture of image information collecting module can be split in rock
It changes on the initial pictures of seam.
Wherein, it should be noted that the surface-displacement refers to the set of body surface each point displacement.According to not Tongfang
To displacement, the surface-displacement can be divided into horizontal displacement field and vertical displacement field.
The process that image information matching module 22 obtains surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system can
Think：Firstly, it is necessary to which the image information acquired to initial pictures and different time carries out distortion and handles, then, in initial graph
As upper selection any point PiCentered on one length and width of work be all 2k+1 pixel block of pixels Block-i, wherein k is more than 0
Integer specifies range searching in the image information of different time acquisition, with any point P in specified regiondCentered on make one length
Wide is all the block of pixels Block-d of 2k+1 pixel, by comparing PiColor value and specified region in any point PdColor
Value calculates the related coefficient of block of pixels Block-i and block of pixels Block-d according to calculation formula, has most in search range
The point of big correlation coefficient value is PiDeformed corresponding points then calculate the displacement on image between pixel, by more
The displacement of all the points in image can be obtained in secondary matching and calculating, to obtain the rock fracture under global coordinate system
Surface-displacement.
Processing module 23 is specifically used for the horizontal displacement field according to the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, determines institute
State the developing direction of rock fracture.
By comparing the initial pictures of the image and rock fracture of the rock fracture of acquisition, the hair of rock fracture can be known
Open up direction.A kind of mode can determine the developing direction of rock fracture according to the surface-displacement under global coordinate system.
Optionally, processing module 23 determines institute according to the horizontal displacement field of the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system
State the developing direction of rock fracture.The contour of horizontal displacement is taken in horizontal displacement field under the global coordinate system, it is contour
The congruent point of line is the tip in the crack of corresponding time, and the starting point of the rock fracture and the line direction of congruent point are institute
State the developing direction of rock fracture.Determining module 24 is specifically used for determining different moments according to the entire evolution of rock fracture
The type of rock fracture and distribution.
I.e. determining module 24 determines the type and shape of different moments rock fracture by the entire evolution of rock fracture
State is distributed.
In the present embodiment, the image information of rock fracture in experimental period is preset by acquisition, by different time acquisition
Image information and the initial pictures of the rock fracture carry out matching treatment, obtain the rock fracture under global coordinate system
Surface-displacement determines the developing direction of the rock fracture, then further according to the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system
The type and fractions distribution of the rock fracture are determined according to the developing direction of the rock fracture.Realizing can be with continuous observation
The developing direction of rock fracture determines types of fractures according to the entire evolution of rock fracture so that types of fractures determines more
It is accurate.
Specifically, it is determined that module 24 determines the type and shape of the rock fracture according to the developing direction of the rock fracture
State is distributed, and can have following procedure：
First, with the developing direction of the rock fracture it is and the side vertical with the developing direction of the rock fracture
To for axis, local coordinate system is established.Wherein, using the developing direction of the rock fracture as Y-axis, with the hair with the rock fracture
It is X-axis to open up the vertical direction in direction, establishes above-mentioned local coordinate system.The direction vertical with the developing direction of the rock fracture can
Be with the developing direction of the rock fracture can also be with the developing direction of the rock fracture at 90 degree of direction at negative
90 degree of direction, two kinds of different local coordinate systems of X-axis being built such that have no effect on final result of calculation, so establishing
When local coordinate system, appoints and take a direction vertical with the rock fracture developing direction for X-axis.
There can be an angle theta between the global coordinate system and local coordinate system, according to Formula of Coordinate System Transformation y '=x "
Sin θ+y " cos θ and x '=x " cos θ-y " sin θs, wherein θ is the angle of global coordinate system and local coordinate system, x " and y " point
Coordinate that Wei be in global coordinate system, x ' and y ' are respectively the coordinate in local coordinate system, and passing through above-mentioned Formula of Coordinate System Transformation will
Surface-displacement under global coordinate system is converted to the surface-displacement under local coordinate system.
It should be noted that displacement consistent with the rock fracture developing direction in local coordinate system is tensioning position
It moves, the displacement with the rock fracture developing direction vertical direction is shear displacemant.
The both sides setting sampling line of the rock fracture described in local coordinate system, samples the development of line and the rock fracture
Direction is parallel, obtains tensioning displacement and shear displacemant of the rock fracture on the sampling line.Wherein, the sampling line with
The distance between local coordinate system Y-axis is to have the position more than 0 along all rock fracture positions of the rock fracture developing direction
Minimum range in the distance of shifting.
Further, by the size of the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of the rock fracture both sides and shear displacemant
The size of the absolute value of difference is compared with measuring system precision respectively, determines type and the distribution of the rock fracture.If
The rock fracture is more than to measure in the rock fracture developing direction there are the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of both sides
The position for precision of uniting, and the rock fracture is in the difference of the shear displacemant of all position both sides of the rock fracture developing direction
Absolute value be both less than measuring system precision, then it is assumed that the crack is tensioning type crack, i.e. I type crack, the rock fracture point
Cloth is tearing shape and/or zigzag fractions distribution.
If the rock fracture is in the rock fracture developing direction, there are the absolute values of the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides
More than the position of measuring system precision, and the rock fracture is in the tensioning of all position both sides of the rock fracture developing direction
The absolute value of the difference of displacement is both less than measuring system precision, then it is assumed that the crack is shearing-type crack, i.e. II type crack is described
Rock fracture is distributed as scratch shape fractions distribution.
If both there is the absolute of the difference of the tensioning displacement of both sides in the rock fracture developing direction in the rock fracture
For value more than the position of measuring system precision, there is also the absolute values of the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides to be more than measuring system precision
Position, then it is assumed that the crack is mixed mode, i.e. I-II crack, and the rock fracture is distributed as tearing shape and/or zigzag
It is distributed with scratch shape mixed style.
Optionally it is determined that module 24 can also can be true according to the coordinate position of starting point in global coordinate system and congruent point
The area distribution of the fixed rock fracture, i.e., the described rock fracture are distributed in the regional extent between starting point and congruent point.
By comparing the difference of the tensioning displacement of rock fracture both sides absolute value and measuring system precision magnitude relationship and
The magnitude relationship of the absolute value and measuring system precision of the difference of the shear displacemant of rock fracture both sides, can not only objectively sentence
Break and the type and form of rock fracture, the type and fractions distribution result accuracy of obtained rock fracture are high, additionally it is possible to root
According to the area distribution of starting point in rock fracture developing direction and the location determination rock fracture of congruent point, and in the present invention really
The method of determining rock surface types of fractures and fractions distribution is easy to operate, applicability is more extensive.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that：Realize that all or part of step of above-mentioned each method embodiment can lead to
The relevant hardware of program instruction is crossed to complete.Program above-mentioned can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium.The journey
When being executed, execution includes the steps that above-mentioned each method embodiment to sequence；And storage medium above-mentioned includes：ROM, RAM, magnetic disc or
The various media that can store program code such as person's CD.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：Its according to
So can with technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified, either to which part or all technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these modifications or replacements, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method determining rock surface types of fractures and distribution based on digital image correlation technique, which is characterized in that packet
It includes：
The image information of rock fracture is acquired in default experimental period, the rock fracture is rock surface crack；
Matching treatment is carried out using the image information of different time acquisition and the initial pictures of the rock fracture, obtains the rock
Stony fracture is sewn on the surface-displacement under global coordinate system；
According to the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, the developing direction of the rock fracture is determined；
Type and the distribution of the rock fracture are determined according to the developing direction of the rock fracture.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the figure for acquiring rock fracture in default experimental period
As information, including：
In default experimental period, the image information of the rock fracture is acquired according to default acquisition rate.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the surface displacement according under the global coordinate system
, determine the developing direction of the rock fracture, including：
According to the horizontal displacement field of the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, the developing direction of the rock fracture is determined.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the developing direction according to the rock fracture determines institute
Type and the distribution of rock fracture are stated, including：
Using the developing direction of the rock fracture and the direction vertical with the developing direction of the rock fracture as axis, establish
Local coordinate system；
Surface-displacement under the global coordinate system is converted to the local coordinate system；
Tensioning displacement and the shear displacemant for determining the rock fracture are fastened in the local coordinate；
According to the tensioning displacement of the rock fracture and shear displacemant, type and the distribution of the rock fracture are determined.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the tensioning displacement and shearing according to the rock fracture
Displacement determines type and the distribution of the rock fracture, including：
If position of the rock fracture there are the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of both sides more than the minimum precision of measuring system
It sets, and the absolute value of the difference of the shear displacemant of all position both sides of the rock fracture is both less than the measuring precision, then recognizes
It is tensioning type crack for the rock fracture type, the rock fracture is distributed as tearing shape and/or zigzag fractions distribution；
If position of the rock fracture there are the absolute value of the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides more than the minimum precision of measuring system
It sets, and the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of all position both sides of the rock fracture is both less than the measuring precision, then recognizes
It is shearing-type crack for the rock fracture type, the rock fracture is distributed as scratch shape fractions distribution；
If the absolute value that the rock fracture had both had the difference of the tensioning displacement of both sides is more than the minimum precision of measuring system
Position, there is also the positions that the absolute value of the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides is both greater than the minimum precision of measuring system, then it is assumed that
The rock fracture type is mixed mode, and the rock fracture is distributed as tearing shape and/or zigzag is mixed with scratch shape
Fractions distribution.
6. a kind of determining rock surface types of fractures and the device of distribution based on digital image correlation technique, which is characterized in that packet
It includes：
Image information collecting module, the image information for acquiring rock fracture in default experimental period, the rock fracture
For rock surface crack；
Image information matching module, for image information and the rock fracture using different time acquisition initial pictures into
Row matching treatment obtains surface-displacement of the rock fracture under global coordinate system；
Processing module, for according to the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, determining the developing direction of the rock fracture；
Determining module, type and distribution for determining the rock fracture according to the developing direction of the rock fracture.
7. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described image information acquisition module is specifically used for：
In default experimental period, the image information of the rock fracture is acquired according to default acquisition rate.
8. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the processing module is specifically used for：
According to the horizontal displacement field of the surface-displacement under the global coordinate system, the developing direction of the rock fracture is determined.
9. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the determining module is specifically used for：
Using the developing direction of the rock fracture and the direction vertical with the developing direction of the rock fracture as axis, establish
Local coordinate system；Surface-displacement under the global coordinate system is converted to the local coordinate system；In the local coordinate
Fasten the tensioning displacement for determining the rock fracture and shear displacemant；According to the tensioning displacement of the rock fracture and shearing position
It moves, determines type and the distribution of the rock fracture.
10. device according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the determining module is specifically used for：
If position of the rock fracture there are the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of both sides more than the minimum precision of measuring system
It sets, and the absolute value of the difference of the shear displacemant of all position both sides of the rock fracture is both less than the measuring precision, then recognizes
It is tensioning type crack for the rock fracture type, the rock fracture is distributed as tearing shape and/or zigzag fractions distribution；
If position of the rock fracture there are the absolute value of the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides more than the minimum precision of measuring system
It sets, and the absolute value of the difference of the tensioning displacement of all position both sides of the rock fracture is both less than the measuring precision, then recognizes
It is shearing-type crack for the rock fracture type, the rock fracture is distributed as scratch shape fractions distribution；
If the rock fracture both existed the tensioning displacement of both sides difference be more than measuring system minimum precision position, also deposit
The position of the minimum precision of measuring system is both greater than in the difference of the shear displacemant of both sides, then it is assumed that the rock fracture type is
Mixed mode, the rock fracture are distributed as tearing shape and/or zigzag and are distributed with scratch shape mixed style.
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