CN108397767B - Low-bed-pressure low-air-volume combustion operation method for circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents
Low-bed-pressure low-air-volume combustion operation method for circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN108397767B CN108397767B CN201810182448.8A CN201810182448A CN108397767B CN 108397767 B CN108397767 B CN 108397767B CN 201810182448 A CN201810182448 A CN 201810182448A CN 108397767 B CN108397767 B CN 108397767B
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- air pipeline
- secondary air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
- F23L5/02—Arrangements of fans or blowers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a low-bed-pressure low-air-volume combustion operation method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, which comprises the following steps of: the fuel sequentially passes through a first oxygen-deficient combustion zone, a second reduction combustion zone and a third burnout zone from bottom to top to be combusted; a primary air pipeline is arranged at the lower part of the hearth of the first oxygen-deficient combustion area, primary air enters the air distribution plate through the primary air pipeline, and the thickness of a bottom material on the air distribution plate is less than 500 mm; the bottom material is slag discharged in the operation of a boiler, the grain size of the slag is less than 8mm, and the content of combustible substances is not more than 5%; and in the combustion operation process, the primary air quantity is controlled not to exceed 1.25 times of the critical fluidization air quantity. The invention reduces the bed pressure, reduces the air quantity, reduces the energy consumption of a thermal power plant, and simultaneously can reduce the abrasion to a hearth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of boiler equipment of coal-fired power plants, in particular to a low-bed-pressure low-air-volume combustion operation method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Background
More than 70% of electricity in China comes from thermal power plants, wherein the coal-electricity accounts for 92% and the gas-electricity accounts for 4%. Coal-fired power plants use coal as an energy source, convert the chemical energy of the coal into mechanical energy, and convert the mechanical energy into electric energy through a turbine generator.
In recent years, with the rapid increase of economy, the problems of large resource consumption, large waste and low resource utilization rate in China become more and more prominent, and resource shortage becomes a serious problem facing the economic development in China, so that the energy conservation and emission reduction is vigorously advocated by the nation at present. Thermal power generation plays a leading role in the power generation pattern of China, reduces energy consumption in various aspects of thermal power generation, and is also an important channel for realizing energy conservation and emission reduction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low-bed-pressure low-air-volume combustion operation method for a circulating fluidized bed boiler, which reduces the energy consumption of a thermal power plant by reducing bed pressure and air volume and can also reduce the abrasion to a hearth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a low-bed-pressure low-air-volume combustion operation method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises the following steps:
the fuel sequentially passes through a first oxygen-deficient combustion zone, a second reduction combustion zone and a third burnout zone from bottom to top to be combusted;
a primary air pipeline is arranged at the lower part of the hearth of the first oxygen-deficient combustion area, primary air enters the air distribution plate through the primary air pipeline, the thickness of a bed charge on the air distribution plate is less than 500mm, and a lower secondary air pipeline and an upper secondary air pipeline are respectively arranged at the lower part and the upper part of the hearth of the second reduction combustion area; the outer end of the primary air pipeline is connected with the primary air fan, and the outer ends of the lower secondary air pipeline and the upper secondary air pipeline are respectively connected with the lower secondary air fan and the upper secondary air fan;
the bottom material is slag discharged in the operation of a boiler, the grain size of the slag is less than 8mm, and the content of combustible substances is not more than 5%;
and in the combustion operation process, the primary air quantity is controlled not to exceed 1.25 times of the critical fluidization air quantity.
Furthermore, a mushroom-shaped cap is arranged at the inner end of the primary air pipeline extending into the hearth, air outlet holes are obliquely and outwards penetrated in the cap, the inner diameter of the middle section of each air outlet hole is smaller than that of the front section and the rear section, and the front section is in oblique line smooth connection with the middle section and the middle section is in oblique line smooth connection with the rear section.
Further, the outer surface of the cap is coated with a wear resistant anti-stick coating.
Further, the primary air pipeline, the lower secondary air pipeline and the upper secondary air pipeline stretch into the hearth by 5-10 cm, and the vibrators are arranged at the ends, close to the outer part of the hearth, of the primary air pipeline, the lower secondary air pipeline and the upper secondary air pipeline.
Furthermore, the minimum wind pressure at the outlet of the primary wind pipeline is more than or equal to the bed pressure.
Furthermore, the inner diameter of the middle section of the air outlet hole is 1/4-1/3 of the inner diameter of the front section/the inner diameter of the rear section.
Further, the thickness of the base material is d, when d is larger than 250mm and smaller than 350mm, the opening degree of the primary air fan is 55-62%, when d is larger than or equal to 350mm and smaller than 450mm, the opening degree of the primary air fan is 63-65%, and when d is larger than or equal to 450mm and smaller than or equal to 500mm, the opening degree of the primary air fan is 66-70%.
Further, the opening degree of the lower secondary air fan is 90-95%.
Further, go up the overgrate air pipeline and evenly be provided with four groups along furnace is radial, go up the one end that the overgrate air pipeline stretched into furnace and be 30~45 contained angle with the furnace tangent line.
The circulating fluidized bed boiler low-bed-pressure low-air-volume combustion operation method has the following advantages:
(1) the hearth is divided into a first oxygen-deficient combustion area, a second reduction combustion area and a third burnout area, so that more fuel is concentrated in the second reduction combustion area 6 for combustion, the air volume of primary air can be reduced, and the coking phenomenon caused by temperature rise due to reduction of the air volume of the primary air is avoided.
(2) The slag is used as a bottom material, the slag is light in texture, and the fluidity of the fuel can be improved, the bed pressure is reduced and the bed temperature is controlled by controlling the particle size.
(3) The invention can effectively reduce the air quantity, the bed pressure and the energy consumption of a thermal power plant, simultaneously reduce the impact of primary air and secondary air on the inner wall of the hearth, reduce the abrasion phenomenon in the boiler and have better popularization and application prospects.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional enlarged structure of the cap.
In the figure, a primary air pipeline 1, a first oxygen-deficient combustion area 2, a lower secondary air pipeline 3, an upper secondary air pipeline 4, a third burnout area 5, a second reduction combustion area 6, an air distribution plate 7, a cap 8 and an air outlet 9.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
A low-bed-pressure low-air-volume combustion operation method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises the following steps:
the fuel sequentially passes through a first oxygen-deficient combustion zone 2, a second reduction combustion zone 6 and a third burnout zone 5 from bottom to top for combustion; a primary air pipeline 1 is arranged at the lower part of a hearth of the first oxygen-deficient combustion zone 2, primary air enters an air distribution plate 7 through the primary air pipeline 1, the thickness of a bottom material on the air distribution plate 7 is less than 500mm, and a lower secondary air pipeline 3 and an upper secondary air pipeline 4 are respectively arranged at the lower part and the upper part of the hearth of the second reduction combustion zone 6; the outer end of the primary air pipeline 1 is connected with a primary air blower, and the outer ends of the lower secondary air pipeline 3 and the upper secondary air pipeline 4 are respectively connected with a lower secondary air blower and an upper secondary air blower; the hearth is divided into a first oxygen-deficient combustion area 2, a second reduction combustion area 6 and a third burnout area 5, so that more fuel is concentrated in the second reduction combustion area 6 for combustion, the air volume of primary air can be reduced, and the coking phenomenon caused by temperature rise due to reduction of the air volume of the primary air is avoided.
The bottom material of the fluidized bed boiler is slag discharged in the operation of the boiler, the grain size of the slag is less than 8mm, the content of combustible substances is not more than 5 percent, the slag is light, and the flowing property of fuel can be improved, the bed pressure is reduced, and the bed temperature is controlled by controlling the grain size; and in the combustion operation process, the primary air quantity is controlled not to exceed 1.25 times of the critical fluidization air quantity.
Further, for making wind-distributing even once, improve the whole mobility of bed material, reduce bed pressure, the inner that a wind pipeline 1 deepened furnace is provided with mushroom type cap 8, the downward outside venthole 9 that wears to be equipped with of slope in the cap 8, the internal diameter in venthole 9 middle section is less than the internal diameter of anterior segment and back end, and anterior segment and middle section, the middle segment is slash smooth connection with the back end, the cap 8 of mushroom type enables the dregs of a fall and can not produce and pile up along the cap downward flow, also avoid being blockked up in venthole department, and lead to a wind pressure to increase. In addition, because gas can form densely at the middle section of venthole 9, lead to pressure increase, can make gas jet get into furnace with the pressure differential of bed pressure, better acceleration the flow of bed material to reduce the bed pressure, the internal diameter of venthole 9 middle section is 1/4~1/3 suitable for anterior segment/back end internal diameter. Also, to prevent debris from clogging cap 8, the outer surface of cap 8 is coated with a wear resistant anti-stick coating.
Further, the primary air pipeline 1, the lower secondary air pipeline 3 and the upper secondary air pipeline 4 extend into the hearth by 5-10 cm, one ends, located outside the hearth and close to the hearth, of the primary air pipeline 1, the lower secondary air pipeline 3 and the upper secondary air pipeline 4 are provided with vibrators, the vibrators can prevent blocking caused by coking or fuel enrichment, and stable operation of the fluidized bed boiler under the condition of low air volume is further guaranteed.
Furthermore, the minimum air pressure at the outlet of the primary air pipeline 1 is more than or equal to the bed pressure so as to ensure that the bed material can stably flow. Similarly, in order to ensure the normal flow of bed materials and prevent the temperature of the first oxygen-deficient combustion area 2 from being too high, the thickness of the bed materials is d, when d is more than 250mm and less than 350mm, the opening degree of the primary air fan is 55-62%, when d is more than or equal to 350mm and less than 450mm, the opening degree of the primary air fan is 63-65%, and when d is more than or equal to 450mm and less than or equal to 500mm, the opening degree of the primary air fan is 66-70%.
In second reduction combustion area 6, for forming the whirl here with higher speed, make temperature distribution more even, reduce because of the possibility of high temperature formation nitrogen oxide, lower secondary fan's aperture is 90~95%, and goes up secondary air pipeline 3 and evenly be provided with four groups along furnace is radial, goes up the secondary air pipeline and stretches into furnace's one end and furnace tangent line and be 30~45 contained angle.
Claims (2)
1. A low-bed-pressure low-air-volume combustion operation method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the fuel sequentially passes through a first oxygen-deficient combustion zone, a second reduction combustion zone and a third burnout zone from bottom to top to be combusted;
a primary air pipeline is arranged at the lower part of the hearth of the first oxygen-deficient combustion area, primary air enters the air distribution plate through the primary air pipeline, the thickness of a bed charge on the air distribution plate is less than 500mm, and a lower secondary air pipeline and an upper secondary air pipeline are respectively arranged at the lower part and the upper part of the hearth of the second reduction combustion area; the outer end of the primary air pipeline is connected with the primary air fan, and the outer ends of the lower secondary air pipeline and the upper secondary air pipeline are respectively connected with the lower secondary air fan and the upper secondary air fan;
the bottom material is slag discharged in the operation of a boiler, the grain size of the slag is less than 8mm, and the content of combustible substances is not more than 5%;
in the combustion operation process, the primary air quantity is controlled not to exceed 1.25 times of the critical fluidization air quantity;
the inner end of the primary air pipeline, which extends into the hearth, is provided with a mushroom-shaped cap, an air outlet hole is obliquely and downwards and outwards arranged in the cap, the inner diameter of the middle section of the air outlet hole is smaller than that of the front section and the rear section, and the front section is smoothly connected with the middle section and the rear section in a diagonal manner;
the outer surface of the cap is coated with a wear-resistant anti-sticking coating;
the primary air pipeline, the lower secondary air pipeline and the upper secondary air pipeline extend into the hearth by 5-10 cm, and the primary air pipeline, the lower secondary air pipeline and the upper secondary air pipeline are positioned outside the hearth and are provided with vibrators at the ends close to the primary air pipeline, the lower secondary air pipeline and the upper secondary air pipeline;
four groups of upper secondary air pipelines are uniformly arranged along the radial direction of the hearth, and an included angle of 30-45 degrees is formed between one end of each upper secondary air pipeline extending into the hearth and the tangent line of the hearth;
the inner diameter of the middle section of the air outlet hole is 1/4-1/3 of the inner diameter of the front section/the inner diameter of the rear section;
the thickness of the base material is d, when d is larger than 250mm and smaller than 350mm, the opening degree of the primary air fan is 55-62%, when d is larger than or equal to 350mm and smaller than 450mm, the opening degree of the primary air fan is 63-65%, and when d is larger than or equal to 450mm and smaller than or equal to 500mm, the opening degree of the primary air fan is 66-70%;
the opening degree of the lower secondary air fan is 90-95%.
2. The circulating fluidized bed boiler low bed pressure low air volume combustion operation method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the minimum wind pressure at the outlet of the primary wind pipeline is more than or equal to the bed pressure.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810182448.8A CN108397767B (en) | 2018-03-06 | 2018-03-06 | Low-bed-pressure low-air-volume combustion operation method for circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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| CN201810182448.8A CN108397767B (en) | 2018-03-06 | 2018-03-06 | Low-bed-pressure low-air-volume combustion operation method for circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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| CN108397767B true CN108397767B (en) | 2020-09-01 |
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| CN110410775A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-11-05 | 山东圣坤环保科技有限公司 | Solid fuel combustion apparatus |
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| JPH10103641A (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 1998-04-21 | Takuma Co Ltd | Method for supplying combustion air for fluidized bed combustion equipment |
| CN102003701A (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2011-04-06 | 浙江大学 | Low NOx coal dust combustion method and device based on underfire air and overfire air |
| CN103216821A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-07-24 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Multi-stage stratified combustion system and method for primary air and secondary air of boiler |
| CN103604117A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-26 | 武汉和信益科技有限公司 | Multi-grade high-efficiency low-nitrogen combustion method and multi-grade high-efficiency low-nitrogen combustion system for circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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| CN104373934A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-02-25 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Device and method for preparing, storing and adding circulating material of circulating fluidized bed boiler |
| CN105258113A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-20 | 隋恒睿 | Low-heating-value liquid and solid fluidized bed boiler and combustion technology |
| CN206112913U (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-04-19 | 任浩 | Special pressure boost hood in corner |
-
2018
- 2018-03-06 CN CN201810182448.8A patent/CN108397767B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10103641A (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 1998-04-21 | Takuma Co Ltd | Method for supplying combustion air for fluidized bed combustion equipment |
| CN102003701A (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2011-04-06 | 浙江大学 | Low NOx coal dust combustion method and device based on underfire air and overfire air |
| CN103216821A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-07-24 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Multi-stage stratified combustion system and method for primary air and secondary air of boiler |
| CN103604117A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-26 | 武汉和信益科技有限公司 | Multi-grade high-efficiency low-nitrogen combustion method and multi-grade high-efficiency low-nitrogen combustion system for circulating fluidized bed boiler |
| CN103712208A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-09 | 北京兴侨国际工程技术有限公司 | Combustion method of circulating fluidized bed boiler with low nitrogen oxide emission |
| CN104373934A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-02-25 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Device and method for preparing, storing and adding circulating material of circulating fluidized bed boiler |
| CN105258113A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-20 | 隋恒睿 | Low-heating-value liquid and solid fluidized bed boiler and combustion technology |
| CN206112913U (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-04-19 | 任浩 | Special pressure boost hood in corner |
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