CN108394274A - A kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system - Google Patents
A kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108394274A CN108394274A CN201810412739.1A CN201810412739A CN108394274A CN 108394274 A CN108394274 A CN 108394274A CN 201810412739 A CN201810412739 A CN 201810412739A CN 108394274 A CN108394274 A CN 108394274A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
- B60K17/346—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
- B60K17/3462—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear with means for changing distribution of torque between front and rear wheels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of between centers torque universes actively to distribute full-time four-wheel drive system, including：Power input shaft；First planetary gear train comprising the first sun gear, the first planetary gear, first planet carrier and the first ring gear, the first ring gear are equipped with hollow shaft of the empty set on rear axle；Second planetary gear train comprising the second sun gear, the second planetary gear, the second planet carrier and the second ring gear；Third planet train comprising third sun gear, the third line star-wheel, third planet carrier and third ring gear；TV controls motor, is equipped with hollow output shaft, empty set is on rear axle, and hollow output shaft is fixedly connected by deceleration mechanism with third ring gear；Input sprocket, center are fixedly mounted in hollow shaft；Realize that power transmission, output chain gear are fixedly connected with automobile front axle by transmission chain between output chain gear, with input sprocket.Between centers torque universe provided by the invention actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, and the function of the arbitrary distribution of torque between antero posterior axis may be implemented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 4 wheel driven automobile driving system technical field, more particularly to a kind of between centers torque universe is actively distributed complete
When four-wheel drive system.
Background technology
In recent years, it is constantly progressive with the improvement of people ' s living standards with technology, people also put forward the quality of automobile
Gone out increasingly higher demands, automobile by initially only as the demand of walking-replacing tool be gradually transitioned into safety, comfort,
In the demands such as economy and driving pleasure, people travel multi-functional, multiple road conditions and the demand of high-performing car is also year by year
Increase, such as high-performance 4 wheel driven SUV or high-performance 4 wheel driven car.These vehicles are not only more next in internal combustion engine driving Automobile Market
It is higher, such as be equipped with the Audi Q5SUV of sports type differential mechanism, be equipped with SH-AWD four-wheel drive systems and sing the praises of TLX intermediate-size cars, even if
Be for hybrid vehicle or electric vehicle be also future market mainstream development trend, as Volvo XC60T8E drive it is mixed dynamic and
Tesla Model S etc..
The classification of driving wheel number is pressed, the drive form of automobile mainly has two-wheel drive and 4 wheel driven driving.For four-wheel drive
It is divided into as in due course 4 wheel driven, full-time four-wheel drive, time sharing.It is divided into as centralization driving and distribution according to driveline arrangement form
Driving, the former has application in traditional combustion engine automobile and new-energy automobile, and the latter often uses wheel hub motor or wheel
Side motor driving, therefore generally used by new-energy automobile, especially electric vehicle, referred to as Electric Motor Wheel independently drives vapour
Vehicle.Distributed In-wheel motor driving can easily realize four-wheel drive, and the general direct drive of wheel of wheel hub motor, not have
Excessive transmission system, thus it is simple in structure, space hold is small, transmission efficiency, a kind of excellent driving form of can yet be regarded as.However
At this stage, face that the universal power density of wheel hub motor is high, motor working environment badly leads to poor reliability, wheel hub motor increases
Unsprung mass causes the technical bottlenecks such as automobile ride reduction to seriously affect its large-scale use, therefore is some concept cars at present
Or small lot sample car is using, most of electric vehicle is still driven using central as driving automotive-type with internal combustion engine
Form.The power source of internal combustion engine or centralized hybrid power assembly (Hybrid Powertrain) as concentration, often cloth
It sets in front-axle engine cabin, this single centralized power source (generally has hybrid power system multiple power sources, but mainstream
All it is to become one to form the hybrid power assembly of a concentration with internal combustion engine, speed changer or coupling device) biography can only be used
Power is transferred to wheel by system central transmission system.Reason as previously described, electric vehicle also generally use at present
The central drive axle form of the lower single motor matching conventional ADS driving bridge of development cost drives wheel, therefore either interior
Combustion engine automobile, hybrid vehicle, electric vehicle then need a transfer device or coupling device if necessary to four-wheel drive
Power is separated into a part and is transferred to other axle shafts.
According to different 4 wheel driven handling capacity design requirements, for three kinds of 4 wheel driven forms above-mentioned, above-mentioned three kinds of power cars
Its power transfer device of type or coupling device also and differ, such as：For in due course 4 wheel driven automobile, often use defeated in speed changer
Power is transferred to front-rear axle by two identical gears of external toothing simultaneously for shaft side, and is going to non-principal drive axle (after generally
Bridge) before increase electromagnetism multiplate clutch realization power is in time transferred to by rear axle by transmission shaft.When electromagnetic clutch knot
When conjunction, total driving torque of half generally at most can be obtained in rear axle.It is so-called that exactly not All Time combines clutch in due course
Power is transferred to rear axle afterwards, and 4 wheel driven could be generally realized when front-wheel skids or when needing 4 wheel driven to work in short-term；And for complete
When 4 wheel driven, often the transmission shaft of forward and backward bridge is connected using center differential (i.e. inter-axle differential), the torque of front-rear axle
Distribution is generally mean allocation, and also some use unequal distribution, since common open type differential has " the not poor torsion of differential "
Feature, in order to cause another bridge driving force also to decline when ensureing to avoid some bridge wheel-slip, passability reduces, therefore such is full-time
The center differential of four-wheel drive system generally selects limited-slip differential or center differential with differential lock function to realize torque
Antero posterior axis transfer；And for time sharing, it often increases center differential in speed changer or after speed changer newly, passes through switching
The engagement of center differential middle gear is transferred to non-principal drive axle (bridge before generally) with realization power is exited.Center differential
Motor torque is further amplified typically with bottom gear, meets the requirement of limit cross-country power.Although above-mentioned three kinds of 4 wheel drivens
Form realizes that power is transferred to four wheels using different mechanisms, but these mechanisms are all from original internal combustion engine 4 wheel driven automobile
It inherits, even with electric vehicle, most of single motor electric four-wheel drive automobile also all uses traditional combustion engine 4 wheel driven vapour
The transfer device or dynamic coupling device of vehicle realize 4 wheel driven, and all no the characteristics of being directed to electric vehicle and the market demand are targetedly
Electric four-wheel drive system is developed, can be sayed without any new meaning.In addition importantly, above-mentioned 4 wheel driven mechanism all exist it is such-and-such
Disadvantage, such as：In due course 4 wheel driven automobile is since most of operating mode is all uniaxial (generally front axle) driving, and front-wheel enters low attached once in a while
When or vacantly skidding, electromagnetism multiplate clutch combines rapidly another axle for making part driving torque be transferred to attachment
(generally rear axle) driving vehicle traveling, ensures vehicle dynamic quality and riding stability, can also improve passability to a certain extent
It can, it is often more important that since the most of the time is uniaxial driving therefore there is good economy.However since its kind of drive is
Gear drive powers up the mode of magnetic multiplate clutch, it is caused generally can only to be no more than the one of vehicle maximum output torque by maximum
Partly transfer is exported to non-principal driving wheel in a short time, therefore such automobile is general by performance, can only be slight cross-country, but
It is best to travel economy.Full-time four-wheel drive automobile is due to being all that four wheels drive in whole running times, additionally, due to generally all
Increase and be furnished between centers limited-slip differential or differential lock, therefore vehicle dynamic property, riding stability and passability are all by force very than in due course 4 wheel driven
It is more, but since its is complicated, of high cost, therefore middle and high end 4 wheel driven SUV or high-end 4 wheel driven cars are generally only applied to, and due to
Always four-wheel drive can not achieve the torque distribution of active up to uniaxial type of drive, therefore it is poor to travel economy.Time sharing
Generally rear wheel drive form, single shaft travel good economy performance when driving.Power is transmitted simultaneously when by manipulating center differential
After becoming four-wheel drive to front-rear axle, due to not having center differential generally, therefore it can not run at high speed in normal paved road,
Low-speed off-road can only be carried out in non-paved road.And due to body structure, car weight, axle device without differential, tire etc., in conjunction with four
Economy is travelled when drive and control stability differs greatly than other 4 wheel driven automobiles, therefore is difficult to apply to high-end 4 wheel driven car and height
Performance SUV.
In general, full-time four-wheel drive form is relatively preferable, but " differential is not poor since its open differential used has
The characteristic of torsion " may then lead to the wheel slip on low attachment side axle when the attachment of automobile antero posterior axis road surface is inconsistent,
Cause automobile is stranded can not travel.Or when automobile emergency accelerates, load by front axle, move backward by shaft rotation, it is also possible to cause front axle wheel
Reach limit of adhesion generation to trackslip and make automobile unstability.Although various between centers limited-slip differentials or shaft space difference speed lock in the prior art
The transmission shaft that front-rear axle can be connected by part locking or complete locking, to realize that torque is supreme from the transfer of low attachment axle
Adhere to axle, avoid wheel-slip, improve trafficability, but the transfer distribution of the between centers of torque be it is unidirectional, can only be from turning
A fast fast axis moves driving moment toward the slow shaft rotation of rotating speed, this can not promote mobility and drive of the vehicle under various road conditions
Dynamic performance.Center differential on orthodox car can only change the rotating speed of two axis, can not distribution of torque, though and center differential
The distribution of between centers torque so may be implemented, but cannot achieve arbitrary torque value between centers fixed direction allocation.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming the above-mentioned prior art, towards four-drive electric car, four-drive hybrid electric vapour
The performance requirement of vehicle and 4 wheel driven traditional combustion engine automobile provides a kind of between centers torque universe and actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system
System, the power source for using a motor to be distributed as between centers torque can be such that total driving of the automobile of holding full-time four-wheel drive turns
Square can be distributed actively in any proportion between antero posterior axis, and overcoming existing full-time four-wheel drive technology can only be in certain proportion range
The technological deficiency of the interior passive total driving torque of distribution, improves the comprehensive performance of automobile.
Technical solution provided by the invention is：
A kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, including：
Power input shaft；
Front axle；
Rear axle；
First planetary gear train comprising the first sun gear, the first planetary gear, first planet carrier and the first ring gear；
Wherein, the first planet carrier is fixedly connected with the power input shaft；First sun gear and the rear axle
It is fixedly connected, first ring gear is equipped with hollow shaft, and the hollow shaft empty set is in the rear on axis；
Second planetary gear train comprising the second sun gear, the second planetary gear, the second planet carrier and the second ring gear；
Wherein, second sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow shaft, second ring gear and four-wheel drive system shell
It is fixedly connected；
Third planet train comprising third sun gear, the third line star-wheel, third planet carrier and third ring gear；
Wherein, the third sun gear is fixedly connected with the rear axle；The third planet carrier and second planet carrier
It is fixedly connected；
TV controls motor, is equipped with hollow output shaft, and the hollow output shaft empty set is in the rear on axis, and described hollow
Output shaft is fixedly connected by deceleration mechanism with the third ring gear；
Input sprocket, center are fixedly mounted in the hollow shaft；
Output chain gear is fixedly connected with the front axle；
Wherein, the input sprocket and the output chain gear carry out power transmission by transmission chain.
Preferably, second planetary gear train and third planet train planet row characteristic parameter having the same and
Planet row type.
Preferably, the deceleration mechanism includes fourth planet gear train comprising：
4th sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow output shaft；
Three fourth line star-wheels are distributed uniformly and circumferentially on the outside of the 4th sun gear；
Fourth line carrier is fixedly connected with the third ring gear；
4th ring gear is fixedly connected with four-wheel drive system shell.
Preferably, the transmission ratio of the input sprocket and the output chain gear is 1.
Preferably, it is connected by bearing between the hollow shaft and the rear axle.
Preferably, it is connected by bearing between the hollow output shaft and the rear axle.
Preferably, the TV controls motor is cartridge type inner rotor motor.
Preferably, the stator of TV controls motor and shell are fixedly connected with the four-wheel drive system shell.
Preferably, the hollow output shaft of the TV controls motor and the centre bore of the 4th sun gear are connected by spline
It connects.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1, between centers torque universe provided by the invention actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, overcomes existing full-time four-wheel drive system
The technological deficiency that front and back shaft torque allocation proportion can only be changed in a certain range may be implemented arbitrarily to distribute between antero posterior axis
The function of torque, and respond rapid；Whole power assembly output torques have been transferred to by limiting case when single shaft has skidded
Well attached another axis realizes uniaxial driving, can not have to reduce gross output compared to In-wheel motor driving, ensure vehicle
Dynamic property.
2, between centers torque universe provided by the invention actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, overcomes existing full-time four-wheel drive system
The technological deficiency that can only be distributed according to shaft torque before and after the passive change of the speed discrepancy or differential mechanism inner friction torque of antero posterior axis, can
To realize, whatever you like actively changes the function of torque distribution ratio at any time between antero posterior axis, and responds rapid.
3, between centers torque universe provided by the invention actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, overcomes existing full-time four-wheel drive system
Driving torque can only be unidirectionally transferred to the technological deficiency of the slow another axis of rotating speed when torque is distributed from the fast axis of rotating speed, it can
With realize rotating speed is fast, between slow two axis the active distribution of torque of any direction function, you can with from the fast shaft rotation of rotating speed
The slow axis of rotating speed is moved to, the function of the fast axis of rotating speed can be also moved to from the slow shaft rotation of rotating speed.
4, between centers torque universe provided by the invention actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, is independently driven compared to wheel hub motor
It is dynamic, each wheel hub motor need not individually be controlled, and only need that a motor control to can be adjusted each axis driving turn
Square, control system is simple and reliable, and control is easy to implement.
5, between centers torque universe provided by the invention actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, compact-sized, rationally distributed, compares
It is independently driven in wheel hub motor, is arranged as sprung mass, automobile ride influenced smaller.
6, between centers torque universe provided by the invention actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, the distribution of torque universe orientation
Essential technique feature, the need for improving vehicle dynamic property, economy, turning mobility, control stability and passability can be taken into account
It asks, improves vehicle comprehensive performance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that between centers torque universe of the present invention actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system structure diagram (to be set
For rear axle).
Fig. 2 actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system between centers torque universe of the present invention and does not work in TV control motors
When torque flow to schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that between centers torque universe of the present invention actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system when TV controls motor and works
Torque flow to schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, to enable those skilled in the art with reference to specification text
Word can be implemented according to this.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of between centers torque universes actively to distribute full-time four-wheel drive system, mainly in
Differential mechanism 2000, double planet wheel rows of mixing TV coupling mechanisms 3000, TV control motor decelerating mechanisms 4000 and TV is entreated to control 5001 structure of motor
At.
The center differential 2000 is located near power intake, is mainly made of the first planetary gear train 2010, including
2011, three planetary gears being distributed uniformly and circumferentially 2012 of sun gear, ring gear 2013 and planet carrier 2014.Wherein, too
The center of sun wheel 2011 and automobile hind axle 5002 are fixed together by spline.The part diameter that extends back of ring gear 2013 becomes smaller
Become hollow ladder hollow shaft, rear axle 5002 passes through from front to back inside hollow shaft, and is arranged to therebetween to axis
Hold friction and the mutual supporting role played and reduced when relatively rotating between the two.Position diameter is more than end among hollow shaft outer diameter
Portion's diameter, intermediate position and outer end diameter are machined with spline.2014 left end center of planet carrier and power input shaft 5003 are connected
Together, power input shaft 5003 is the power intake of vehicle, can be accessed by traditional combustion engine or including motor
Other rotating power sources power is provided.When power source is traditional combustion engine, power input shaft 5003 and internal combustion engine and
The power assembly output end for the speed changer composition matched is connected；When power source be motor when can directly with motor output end phase
Even, can also be connected with the power assembly output end of motor and few speed transmission composition.
Double planet wheel rows of mixing TV coupling mechanisms 3000 include mainly two single planetary gear trains：Second planetary gear train 3020 and third
Planetary gear train 3030.The two single planetary gear trains planet row characteristic parameter having the same and planet row type, and feature is joined
Number is more than 1, and (the planet row characteristic parameter is that machinery field usually defines, that is, refers to ring gear and sun gear in planet row
The ratio between the number of teeth).Second planetary gear train 3020 includes 3021, three planetary gears being distributed uniformly and circumferentially of sun gear
3022, ring gear 3023 and planet carrier 3024.Wherein, the ring gear 2013 at 3021 center of sun gear and the first planetary gear train 2010
The hollow shaft end to extend back is fixed together by spline.Ring gear 3023 is connected with four-wheel drive system shell 6003.It is described
Third planet train 3030 includes sun gear 3031, three planetary gears being distributed uniformly and circumferentially 3032, ring gears 3033
With planet carrier 3034.Wherein, sun gear 3031 and the rear axle 5002 extended through from its center to rear are connected to by spline
Together, planet carrier 3034 and the planet carrier 3024 of the second planetary gear train 3020 are fixed together.
TV control motor decelerating mechanisms 4000 are mainly made of fourth planet train 4040.The fourth planet train 4040
Including 4041, three planetary gears being distributed uniformly and circumferentially 4042 of sun gear, ring gear 4043 and planet carrier 4044.Its
In, ring gear 4043 is connected with four-wheel drive system shell 6003, the ring gear 3033 of planet carrier 4044 and third planet train 3030
It is fixed together.It should be noted that TV controls motor decelerating mechanism 4000 using single planetary gear train in the present embodiment,
The deceleration mechanism that other kinds of planetary gear train or multiple rows of planetary gear train form is selected not constitute the new knot for being different from the present invention
Structure.
The TV controls motor 5001 is a cartridge type inner rotor motor, connects the rear axle 5002 from its of rear driving axle
Hollow inner rotor shaft centre bore, which does not contact, to be pierced by, and arranges that matched bearings plays reduction and relatively rotates between the two therebetween
When friction and mutual supporting role.Cartridge type internal rotor anterior end outer diameter is machined with spline, with fourth planet train
4040 4041 centre bore of sun gear is linked together by spline, and the output torque so as to which TV to be controlled to motor 5001 passes
It is delivered to fourth planet train 4040.The stator and its shell of the TV control motors 5001 are connected with four-wheel drive system shell 6003
Together, it is supported and fixed by four-wheel drive system shell 6003.
The input sprocket 1000 realizes input sprocket 1000 and output chain gear 6000 by using transmission chain 6002
Power transmits.Compare gear engaged transmission mode, and front axle 6001 may be implemented with rear axle 5002 not in such chain drive mode
Parallel arrangement at regular intervals under conditions of increase gear diameter.Input sprocket 1000 and 6000 number of teeth of output chain gear and diameter
It is identical.Output chain gear 6000 is connect by centre bore spline with 6001 spline of front axle；Input sprocket 1000 from first simultaneously
The ring gear 2013 of planetary gear train 2010 extend back part rear end be packed into after it is hollow with 2013 extending part of ring gear
The intermediate position spline of axis connects.Input sprocket 1000 is reloaded into the second row after being mounted in 2013 extending part hollow shaft of ring gear
The sun gear 3021 of star wheel series 3020 is simultaneously connect with end spline.2013 extending part multi-diameter shaft reducing position of ring gear can play
Effect to 3021 axial limiting of input sprocket 1000 and sun gear.
In addition, between centers torque universe of the present invention actively distributes all planetary gears that full-time four-wheel drive system is included
System, characteristic parameter are all higher than 1.
Between centers torque universe of the present invention is actively distributed full-time four-wheel drive system and is not waited in torques distribution by being arranged
Centre differential mechanism 2000, altogether posture double planet wheel rows of mixing TV coupling mechanisms 3000 and chain drive realize with core component be engine or
The connection of the power assembly of motor connected power input shaft 5003 and front axle 6001 and rear axle 5002, front axle 6001 will move again
Power is transferred to automobile front axle, and power is transferred to automobile axle by rear axle 5002 again, and then vehicle realizes 4 wheel driven work.Pass through TV
The torque output forward or backwards of control motor 5001 can control the total driving torque inputted from power input shaft 5003 and exist
Preceding bridge or rear axle arbitrarily distribute, and limiting case can all distribution a to drive axle realizes single bridge driving by total input torque.
Above structure and connection relation realize universe of the total input torque of power assembly between front-rear axle and are actively randomly oriented distribution.
The between centers torque universe actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system and relates generally to four kinds of operating modes：Straight-line travelling TV controls
Motor 5001 does not start, and turning driving TV control motors 5001 do not start, and straight-line travelling TV control motors 5001 start, Yi Jizhuan
Curved traveling TV controls motor 5001 starts.Four kinds of operating modes are illustrated separately below：
(1) straight-line travelling TV controls motor 5001 and does not start.
When automobile in horizontal good road surface at the uniform velocity when driving, the attachment of antero posterior axis driving wheel and road surface is good, and axle load is not
Significant change can occur, therefore, between antero posterior axis be not necessarily to carry out the fixed direction allocation of torque, TV is controlled at this time does not have in motor 5001
Electric signal is controlled, TV control motors 5001 do not work, and the torque that power assembly is inputted through power input shaft 5003 is by center
Power is transferred to the sun gear 2011 and ring gear 2013 of the first planetary gear train 2010 by differential mechanism 2000, and sun gear 2011 again will
Torque transfer makes automobile hind axle driving wheel obtain driving torque to rear axle 5002.Meanwhile ring gear 2013 transmit torque to it is defeated
Enter on sprocket wheel 1000, input sprocket 1000 is transmitted torque to using transmission chain 6002 on output chain gear 6000, further
Front axle 6001 is passed to, to make automobile front axle driving wheel obtain driving torque.Automobile is full-time four-wheel drive state at this time.
In terms of rotation speed relation, as positive direction, when retroversion is for the direction of rotation of front axle and rear axle when set driving automobile advance
Negative direction.If rotating speed is n before and after automobile, i.e. the rotating speed n of the sun gear 2011 of the first planetary gear train 2010S1And ring gear
2013 rotating speed nR1It is equal, i.e. nS1=nR1=n.In order to reduce inertia loss that motor free-running belt is come and anti-electronic as far as possible
Potential energy consumes, and TV control motors 5001 should be avoided to dally, that is, conveys the hollow internal rotor of TV control motors 5001 is connected the
The rotating speed n of the sun gear 4041 of four planetary gear trains 4040S4=0.Due to the ring gear 4043 and 4 wheel driven of fourth planet train 4040
System casing 6003 is connected, rotating speed nR4=0, therefore the rotating speed n of the planet carrier 4044 of fourth planet train 4040H4=0.Due to
The ring gear 3033 of third planet train 3030 and the planet carrier 4044 of fourth planet train 4040 be connected, then ring gear 3033
Rotating speed nR3=0.Again because the ring gear 3023 of the second planetary gear train 3020 is connected with four-wheel drive system shell 6003, therefore ring gear
3023 rotating speed nR2=0.Again due to the planet carrier of the planet carrier 3024 and third planet train 3030 of the second planetary gear train 3020
3034 are fixed with one, therefore the rotating speed n of planet carrier 3024H2With the rotating speed n of planet carrier 3034H3It is identical, i.e. nH2=nH3, and due to
Second planetary gear train 3020 and 3030 planet row characteristic parameter having the same of third planet train and planet row type, then can obtain
The rotating speed n of the sun gear 3021 of two planetary gear trainsS2With the rotating speed n of sun gear 3031S3It is identical, i.e. nS2=nS3.Again because of the third line
The sun gear 2011 of the sun gear 3031 of star wheel series 3030 and the first planetary gear train 2010 is connected as one by rear axle 5002, therefore
The two rotating speed is identical, i.e. nS1=nS3, then n can be obtainedS1=nS2.Because of the ring gear 2013 and the second row of the first planetary gear train 2010
The sun gear 3021 of star wheel series 3020 is fixed with one, therefore the two rotating speed is identical, i.e. nR1=nS2, so for the first planetary gear
It is 2010, sun gear 2011 is identical with the rotating speed of ring gear 2013, i.e. nS1=nR1.Additionally, due to input sprocket 1000
Be 1 with the transmission ratio of output chain gear 6000, so when automobile before and after rotating speed it is identical.This and the automobile straight line derived above
When driving the identical conclusion of front and back rotating speed coincide, so when can ensure TV control motor 5001 not will produce idle running, saving
Energy.
In terms of torque relationship, if the torque that power assembly is inputted through power input shaft 5003 at this time is T0(T0For positive value), then
The torque T of the planet carrier 2014 of first planetary gear train 2010H1=T0, thus according to single planetary row torque formula, obtain the first planet
The torque of the sun gear 2011 and ring gear 2013 of train 2010 is respectively(wherein k1
For the planet row characteristic parameter of the first planetary gear train 2010, and k1＞ 1), then the input torque T that axle is obtainedBefore、TAfterwardsPoint
It is notAnd TBefore＞ TAfterwards, it is seen that between centers torque universe of the present invention is actively distributed full-time
For four-wheel drive system in normal 4 wheel driven, preceding bridge is main drive axle.The distribution flow direction of torque at this time is as shown in Figure 2.
(2) turning driving TV controls motor 5001 and does not start.
Under this operating mode, when due to automobile turning before and after automobile driving wheel apart from the instantaneous distance, that is, front-rear axle of automobile turning
Average turning radius and differ, the mean speed of two wheels of preceding bridge is slightly above the mean speed of two wheels of rear axle, this
Speed discrepancy can also be slightly had by leading to connect the front and back rotating speed in the present invention of front-rear axle.The speed discrepancy by center differential 2000
Realization realizes auto―adaptive test under the premise of not changing front and back shaft torque distribution, that is, connects the first planetary gear train of front axle 6001
Both 2010 ring gear 2013 and the sun gear 2011 of the first planetary gear train 2010 of connection rear axle 5002 rotating speed have certain turn
Speed difference, i.e. nR1≠nS1, due to the first planetary gear train 2010 ring gear 2013 and sun gear 2011 respectively with the second planetary gear train
3020 sun gear 3021 is connected with 3031 spline of sun gear of third planet train 3030, therefore at this point, the second planetary gear train
3020 sun gear 3021 has a very small speed discrepancy, i.e. n with the sun gear 3031 of third planet train 3030S2≠nS3。
Again because the second planetary gear train 3020 is identical with 3030 characteristic parameter of third planet train and two 3024 Hes of planet carrier
3034 are fixed with one, i.e. the two rotating speed nH2=nH3, then according to single planetary row rotating speed formula, the second planetary gear train 3020 can be obtained
Ring gear 3023 and both ring gears 3033 rotating speed of third planet train 3030 have certain speed discrepancy, i.e. nR2≠nR3, because
The ring gear 3023 of second planetary gear train 3020 is connected with four-wheel drive system shell 6003, therefore nR2=0, then it can obtain third planet train
The rotating speed n of 3030 ring gear 3033R3≠0.Due to the planet carrier 4044 and third planet train of fourth planet train 4040
3030 ring gear 3033 is connected, then the rotating speed n of the planet carrier 4044 of fourth planet train 4040H4=nR3≠ 0, at this point, due to
The ring gear 4043 of fourth planet train 4040 is connected with four-wheel drive system shell 6003, therefore the sun gear of fourth planet train 4040
4041 rotating speed nS4≠ 0, i.e., the hollow internal rotor for the TV control motors 5001 being connect with 4041 spline of sun gear will produce slightly
Idle running.But because idler revolutions are minimum, therefore its energy consumption generated is also minimum, can ignore substantially, and process of generally turning
The straight-line travelling operating mode frequency of occurrences that compares and time are relatively fewer, therefore after turning process, front and back rotating speed becomes phase
Together, TV, which controls 5001 rotating speed of motor, can revert to rapidly 0, no longer generate idle running, therefore, have no effect on the economy of vehicle.
When turning driving TV control motors 5001 do not start, although the rotating speed of antero posterior axis is with the presence of certain speed discrepancy, institute
The between centers torque universe stated actively distributes the torque relations of distribution of full-time four-wheel drive system, not with straight-line travelling TV controls motor 5001
The operating mode of startup is identical, i.e.,And TBefore＞ TAfterwards, preceding bridge is still main driving at this time
Bridge.Torque distribution flow direction at this time is as shown in Figure 2.
(3) straight-line travelling TV controls motor 5001 and starts.
Automobile in the process of moving, if automobile axle load Forward or rear axle driving wheel and the attachment coefficient on ground it is smaller,
Then it is likely to occur that rear axle driving wheel trackslips since torque is excessive, front axle driving wheel is unable to give full play since torque is insufficient
The phenomenon that adhewsive action between ground.At this time in order to improve the dynamic property and passability of automobile, need ensureing total driving
In the case that torque is constant, increase the driving torque of front axle 6001, reduces the driving torque of rear axle 5002, i.e., pass through power assembly
Center differential 2000 distributes to the driving torque part orientation of automobile hind axle 5002 and is transferred to automobile front axle 6001.If opposite
Automobile accelerates to move after leading to axle load or front axle driving wheel and the smaller front axle for causing to be likely to occur of the attachment coefficient on ground because of starting
Driving wheel trackslip since torque is excessive phenomenon when, at this time in order to improve vehicle dynamic quality and passability, also need protecting
Demonstrate,prove total driving torque it is constant in the case of, increase rear axle 5002 driving torque, reduce front axle 6001 driving torque, i.e., will move
Power assembly is transferred to automobile hind axle 5002 through the driving torque part orientation that center differential 2000 is distributed to automobile front axle 6001.
Under any state, the torque that power input shaft 5003 inputs divides by a certain percentage always through center differential 2000
Dispensing front axle 6001 and rear axle 5002, i.e.,If necessary to be realized by above-mentioned working condition requirement
The fixed direction allocation of front and back between centers torque just need to control motor 5001 to complete by TV at this time.It is now moved forward with automobile axle load or rear axle
It is analyzed for driving wheel and the smaller duty requirements of the attachment coefficient on ground, to illustrate between centers torque universe of the present invention
Actively distribute full-time four-wheel drive system front and back between centers torque fixed direction allocation operation principle in automobile straight-line travelling.
It, should be by automobile hind axle 5002 when automobile axle load Forward or rear axle driving wheel and the smaller attachment coefficient on ground
Part driving torque fixed direction allocation is to automobile front axle 6001.The TV control motors 5001 of electric signal control at this time export forward torque T
(T is positive value), the then sun gear for the fourth planet train 4040 being connect with the hollow internal rotor spline of TV control motors 5001
4041 torque TS4=T obtains the torque T of the planet carrier 4044 of fourth planet train 4040 according to single planetary row torque formulaH4
=-(k4+ 1) T (wherein k4For the planet row characteristic parameter of fourth planet train 4040), then the planet of fourth planet train 4040
It is T that frame 4044, which is exported to the torque of the ring gear 3033 of third planet train 3030,R3=(k4+1)T.If the second planetary gear train
3020 and the planet row characteristic parameter of third planet train 3030 be k, i.e. k2=k3=k, then it is public according to single planetary row torque
Formula, the torque for obtaining the sun gear 3031 and planet carrier 3034 of third planet train 3030 are respectivelySo the torque that sun gear 3031 exports in third planet train 3030 isThe torque increment for being then input to rear axle 5002 isPlanet carrier 3034 export torque beThen the input torque of planet carrier 3024 is in the second planetary gear train 3020Root
According to single planetary row torque formula, the torque of the sun gear 3021 of the second planetary gear train 3020 is obtainedThen sun gear
3021 output torque beThe torque increment for being then input to input sprocket 1000 isTherefore, it is transmitted to front axle
6001 torque increment isIt can be seen that TV controls motor controls motor decelerating mechanism 4000 and duplicate rows through TV
Star row TV coupling mechanisms 3000 are input to the big reversed (sign of its torque increment such as Fig. 3 such as torque increment of front axle and rear axle
Shown in positive and negative number marked on shown TV motors to front and back shaft torque distribution stream), i.e. TBefore'=- TAfterwards′.Above-mentioned torque increment with it is dynamic
After center differential 2000 distributes to the torque synthesis of antero posterior axis, can obtain the driving torque of front axle 6001 at this time becomes power assemblyThe driving torque of rear axle 5002 becomesIt can be seen that comparing
TV controls 5001 off position of motor, and 6001 driving torque of front axle increases at this time, and 5002 driving torque of rear axle declines, that is, realizes
Under conditions of not changing total driving torque, torque shifts distribution from rear axle 5002 to the orientation of front axle 6001.Turn at this time
Square distribution flow direction is as shown in Figure 3.Under limiting case, the output torque of control TV control motors 5001
The torque that may be implemented to distribute to power assembly through center differential 2000 rear axle 5002 is fully transferred to front axle 6001, to
Realize uniaxial driving, i.e. forerunner's state.
It can similarly obtain, be moved after automobile axle load or front axle driving wheel and when the smaller attachment coefficient on ground, it should will be before automobile
The driving torque part fixed direction allocation of axis 6001 is to automobile hind axle 5002.The TV control outputs of motor 5001 of electric signal control at this time are negative
It is final to divide by TV controls motor decelerating mechanism 4000, double planet wheel rows of mixing TV coupling mechanisms 3000, input sprocket 1000 to torque
6,001 1 negative sense torque increments of dispensing front axle distribute to 5,002 1 forward torque increments of rear axle, and the two is equal in magnitude, i.e.,
Under the premise of not changing total driving torque, the driving torque of automobile front axle 6001 can be made to reduce, the driving of rear axle 5002
Torque increases.The course of work under the operating mode moves forward with automobile axle load or rear axle driving wheel and when the smaller attachment coefficient on ground
The course of work it is similar, no longer repeat herein.
(4) turning driving TV controls motor 5001 and starts.
Under this operating mode, the between centers torque universe actively distributes the rotation speed relation and power assembly of full-time four-wheel drive system
The torque relations of distribution to front axle 6001 and rear axle 5002 are distributed by fixed proportion through center differential 2000, with turning driving TV
The operating mode that control motor 5001 does not start is identical, no longer repeats herein.TV controls the output torque of motor 5001 for antero posterior axis
The equal big opposite torque increment of torque is also identical with the operating mode that straight-line travelling TV control motors 5001 start, herein also not
It repeats again.Torque distribution flow direction at this time is as shown in Figure 3.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed
With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited
In specific details and legend shown and described herein.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that including：
Power input shaft；
Front axle；
Rear axle；
First planetary gear train comprising the first sun gear, the first planetary gear, first planet carrier and the first ring gear；
Wherein, the first planet carrier is fixedly connected with the power input shaft；First sun gear is fixed with the rear axle
Connection, first ring gear are equipped with hollow shaft, and the hollow shaft empty set is in the rear on axis；
Second planetary gear train comprising the second sun gear, the second planetary gear, the second planet carrier and the second ring gear；
Wherein, second sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow shaft, and second ring gear is fixed with four-wheel drive system shell
Connection；
Third planet train comprising third sun gear, the third line star-wheel, third planet carrier and third ring gear；
Wherein, the third sun gear is fixedly connected with the rear axle；The third planet carrier is fixed with second planet carrier
Connection；
TV controls motor, is equipped with hollow output shaft, and the hollow output shaft empty set is in the rear on axis, and the hollow output
Axis is fixedly connected by deceleration mechanism with the third ring gear；
Input sprocket, center are fixedly mounted in the hollow shaft；
Output chain gear is fixedly connected with the front axle；
Wherein, the input sprocket and the output chain gear carry out power transmission by transmission chain.
2. between centers torque universe according to claim 1 actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that described second
Planetary gear train and third planet train planet row characteristic parameter having the same and planet row type.
3. between centers torque universe according to claim 2 actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that the deceleration
Mechanism includes fourth planet gear train comprising：
4th sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow output shaft；
Three fourth line star-wheels are distributed uniformly and circumferentially on the outside of the 4th sun gear；
Fourth line carrier is fixedly connected with the third ring gear；
4th ring gear is fixedly connected with four-wheel drive system shell.
4. between centers torque universe according to claim 3 actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that the input
The transmission ratio of sprocket wheel and the output chain gear is 1.
5. between centers torque universe according to claim 1 or 4 actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that described
It is connected by bearing between hollow shaft and the rear axle.
6. between centers torque universe according to claim 5 actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that described hollow
It is connected by bearing between output shaft and the rear axle.
7. between centers torque universe according to claim 3 or 4 actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that described
It is cartridge type inner rotor motor that TV, which controls motor,.
8. between centers torque universe according to claim 7 actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that the TV
The stator and shell for controlling motor are fixedly connected with the four-wheel drive system shell.
9. between centers torque universe according to claim 8 actively distributes full-time four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that the TV controls
The hollow output shaft of motor processed is connect with the centre bore of the 4th sun gear by spline.
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