CN108390400B - Three-phase circuit phase selection switch system and method for preventing relay from failure short circuit - Google Patents
Three-phase circuit phase selection switch system and method for preventing relay from failure short circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN108390400B CN108390400B CN201810425755.4A CN201810425755A CN108390400B CN 108390400 B CN108390400 B CN 108390400B CN 201810425755 A CN201810425755 A CN 201810425755A CN 108390400 B CN108390400 B CN 108390400B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a phase selection switching system and a phase selection switching method for a phase selection circuit, which are used for preventing a relay from being failed and shorted. Phase selection circuit phase selection switching system for preventing relay failure short circuit, each phase includes: the semiconductor switch and the relay form a composite switch, a relay breaking feedback circuit and a semiconductor switch trigger circuit; the semiconductor switch and the relay form a composite switch, and the relay breaking feedback circuit is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit in series and then connected with the composite switch A in parallel. The invention has the advantages compared with the prior art that: the phase change process is safe and reliable, and the occurrence of short circuit faults caused by incapability of breaking due to abnormal relay can be prevented; the current sensor is omitted, the relay segments are detected by adopting an electronic device, and the product cost is reduced in terms of product material cost and product processing.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to the treatment of three-phase unbalance of a power grid, in particular to a three-phase circuit phase selection switching system and a method for preventing a relay from failure and short circuit.
The background technology is as follows:
the three-phase unbalance of the low-voltage power grid is one of the main problems puzzling the power supply unit, and the scheme of using the phase selection switch is an ideal solution in the current scheme of treating the three-phase unbalance of the low-voltage power distribution area. The scheme can essentially solve the problem of unbalanced three-phase load of a circuit, the product has low running loss, stable running and long service life, the whole line loss can be reduced, economic benefits are generated, the phase selection type unbalanced treatment device adopts three relays and three thyristors to be respectively connected in parallel to form a composite switch, the purpose of the phase selection type unbalanced treatment device is to prevent power-off time from being caused in the phase change process, three input ends of the phase selection switch are respectively connected into ABC three phases of the output end of the transformer, and the output ends are connected in parallel to serve as L lines and N lines on the power supply side of a user to be directly connected. At most one relay is conducted at any moment of the option switch, and the purpose of three-phase current balance is achieved by adjusting the states of the phase-selecting switches.
The relay is one of core components of the phase change switch, and serious short-circuit accidents are caused by incapability of normally breaking the relay due to contact adhesion or other mechanical reasons in the working process. As shown in fig. 1, when the relay KA fails to be normally disconnected due to a certain cause, and the relay KB is attracted, a A, B interphase short-circuit accident occurs, and a very serious power failure accident occurs for a power supply user or the whole station. The occurrence of short-circuit accidents restricts the popularization and application of phase-selecting type unbalanced treatment equipment, and in order to ensure the normal work of a phase-change switch, the state of a relay is required to be detected to prevent the occurrence of short-circuit accidents.
Currently, there are two existing technologies for detecting short circuit of a phase-selecting switch to prevent relay: firstly, a mechanical auxiliary contact detection method and secondly, a current detection method are used. The mechanical auxiliary contact detection method is to add auxiliary contacts in the relay, and judge the state of the relay by judging the opening or closing state of a mechanical switch, so that the relay has a complex structure, poor reliability and aging failure. The current detection method is to increase current sensors to judge the state of the relay in each successive circuit branch, and consider the relay to be in an off state by detecting that the current of the current relay branch is zero, as shown in fig. 2, three current sensors CT1, CT2 and CT3 are added. The current detection method mainly comprises the following defects:
firstly, the product cost is increased, which is not beneficial to the popularization and application of the phase-change type balancing device;
secondly, the CT is large in size, so that the whole product is not easy to integrate on a circuit board, and miniaturization of the product cannot be realized;
and thirdly, when the load side current is small or zero, the method cannot judge the state of the relay.
Therefore, a three-phase circuit phase-selecting switch system and method which are small in size, easy to install and capable of judging when load current is zero and preventing the relay from being failed and shorted is needed.
The invention comprises the following steps:
therefore, the patent provides a relay breaking detection system and a relay breaking detection method which are small in size, easy to install and capable of judging when load current is zero and preventing relay from being failed and shorted. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a three-phase circuit phase-selection switching system for preventing a relay from failing short circuit, comprising: the relay KA, the relay KB and the relay KC are respectively arranged on the three-phase circuit, the semiconductor switch QA, the semiconductor switch QB and the semiconductor switch QC are respectively connected in parallel with the relay KA, the relay KB and the relay KC, the semiconductor switch QA and the relay KA form a composite switch A, the semiconductor switch QB and the relay KB form a composite switch B, and the semiconductor switch QC and the relay KC form a composite switch C; further comprises:
the relay breaking feedback circuit comprises a semiconductor switch trigger circuit A, a semiconductor switch trigger circuit B, a semiconductor switch trigger circuit C, a relay breaking feedback circuit A, a relay breaking feedback circuit B and a relay breaking feedback circuit C; the relay breaking feedback circuit A, the relay breaking feedback circuit B and the relay breaking feedback circuit C provide feedback signals to judge whether the corresponding relay KA, the relay KB and the relay KC are disconnected or not;
the relay breaking feedback circuit A is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A in series and then connected with the compound switch A in parallel; the relay breaking feedback circuit B is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit B in series and then connected with the compound switch B in parallel; the relay breaking feedback circuit C is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit C in series and then connected with the compound switch C in parallel.
The method for preventing the relay from being failed and shorted in the phase selection process of the three-phase circuit, which is realized on the switch system, takes switching from the A phase to the B phase as an example, comprises the following steps:
before commutation, the relay KA is in a suction state;
step 1: the controller sends a disconnection instruction to the relay KA; meanwhile, the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A gives a signal instruction to the semiconductor switch QA; because the mechanical relay has inherent action delay characteristic, the relay is still in a closed state, the voltage at two ends of the semiconductor switch QA is zero, and the semiconductor switch QA is still in an open state;
step 2: after a period of time delay, if the controller receives a relay disconnection feedback signal of the relay disconnection feedback circuit A, turning to the step 3; if the controller does not receive the relay disconnection feedback signal of the relay disconnection feedback circuit A all the time, turning to the step 6;
step 3: the relay breaking feedback circuit A and the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A are powered on to work rapidly, the semiconductor switch QA is conducted, and power is continuously supplied to a load through the semiconductor switch QA;
step 4: at the moment, the electronic switch QA trigger signal is closed, and the semiconductor switch trigger circuit B gives a semiconductor switch QB closing instruction;
step 5: at the A, B voltage intersection point, the semiconductor switch QA is naturally turned off, the relay KB is closed, the B-phase semiconductor switch QB is naturally turned off by short-circuit zero current, and the phase change process is safely completed;
step 6: at the moment, in order to avoid short-circuit accidents, the controller maintains the existing state, does not send a closing instruction signal to the relay KB and the semiconductor switch QB, avoids the short-circuit accidents, and simultaneously ensures that the output side continues to supply power.
As a preferable scheme, the relay breaking feedback circuit A, the relay breaking feedback circuit B and the relay breaking feedback circuit C are composed of an optocoupler OPT1, a current limiting resistor R8, a clamping diode TVS1 and an anti-reflection diode D1.
Referring to fig. 4, taking a phase a circuit as an example, a relay breaking feedback circuit principle is described: when the controller makes the relay KA break, firstly, the thyristor trigger signal SCR_A is high level, and because the relay KA is in a non-break state, the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A and the relay breaking feedback circuit A are in a power-off and non-working state, at the moment, the relay KA control signal is given to the relay KA to break, at the break moment, forward current is given to the optocoupler OPT1 and the thyristor trigger circuit through the current limiting resistor R9 and the anti-reflection diode D1, the output signal RL_ER_A of the optocoupler OPT1 is pulled down, the voltage of the two ends of the thyristor Q1 is completely conducted to be low after a few microseconds, the output side signal RL_ER_A of the non-trigger voltage of the optocoupler OPT1 is pulled up, and when the controller detects the low pulse signal, the relay KA is proved to be disconnected, the relay KA breaking detection is completed, and the occurrence of short-circuit accident is avoided.
The invention has the advantages compared with the prior art that:
the commutation process is safe and reliable, and short-circuit faults caused by incapability of breaking due to abnormal relay can be prevented;
the relay breaking circuits are all composed of chip devices, so that SMT automatic production is facilitated;
thirdly, the volume and the weight of the product are reduced, and the miniaturization of the product is facilitated;
and fourthly, the detection circuit adopts a high-speed optocoupler chip, and the load current is very small or the load current can still be accurately judged when the load current is zero.
And fifthly, the circuit detection method omits a current sensor, adopts an electronic device to detect the relay segment, and reduces the product cost in terms of product material cost and product processing.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art phase selection switching circuit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a phase selection switch circuit structure when a current detection method is adopted.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase circuit phase-selecting switch system structure of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a phase selection switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
examples:
a three-phase circuit phase-selection switching system for preventing a relay from failing short circuit, comprising: the three-phase relay comprises a relay KA, a relay KB and a relay KC which are respectively arranged on a three-phase circuit, a semiconductor switch QA, a semiconductor switch QB and a semiconductor switch QC which are respectively connected in parallel with the relay KA, the relay KB and the relay KC, a semiconductor switch trigger circuit A which is connected in series between an input end of an A phase and the semiconductor switch QA, a semiconductor switch trigger circuit B which is connected in series between an input end of a B phase and the semiconductor switch QB, and a semiconductor switch trigger circuit C which is connected in series between an input end of a C phase and the semiconductor switch QC; further comprises: the relay breaking feedback circuit comprises a semiconductor switch trigger circuit A, a semiconductor switch trigger circuit B, a semiconductor switch trigger circuit C, a relay breaking feedback circuit A, a relay breaking feedback circuit B and a relay breaking feedback circuit C; the relay breaking feedback circuit A, the relay breaking feedback circuit B and the relay breaking feedback circuit C provide feedback signals to judge whether the corresponding relay KA, the relay KB and the relay KC are disconnected or not;
the relay breaking feedback circuit A is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A in series and then connected with the compound switch A in parallel; the relay breaking feedback circuit B is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit B in series and then connected with the compound switch B in parallel; the relay breaking feedback circuit C is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit C in series and then connected with the compound switch C in parallel;
the relay breaking feedback circuit A, the relay breaking feedback circuit B and the relay breaking feedback circuit C are composed of an optocoupler OPT1, a current limiting resistor R8, a clamping diode TVS1 and an anti-reflection diode D1.
The method for preventing the relay from being failed and shorted in the phase selection process of the three-phase circuit, which is realized on the switch system, takes switching from the A phase to the B phase as an example, comprises the following steps:
before commutation, the relay KA is in a suction state; before the controller makes the relay KA break, firstly the thyristor trigger signal SCR_A is high level, because the relay KA is in a non-breaking state at this time, the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A and the relay breaking feedback circuit A are in a power-off non-working state,
step 1: the controller sends a disconnection instruction to the relay KA; meanwhile, the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A gives a signal instruction to the semiconductor switch QA; because the mechanical relay has inherent action delay characteristic, the relay KA is still in a closed state, the voltage at two ends of the semiconductor switch QA is zero, and the semiconductor switch is still in an open state;
step 2: after a period of time delay, forward current is supplied to the optocoupler OPT1 and the silicon controlled trigger circuit through the current limiting resistor R9 and the anti-reflection diode D1 at the breaking moment, the output signal RL_ER_A of the optocoupler OPT1 is pulled down, the voltage of the two ends of the silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is completely conducted to be low after a few microseconds, the output side signal RL_ER_A of the optocoupler OPT1 without trigger voltage is pulled up, and when the controller detects a low-voltage pulse signal, the relay KA is proved to be disconnected, and the step 3 is performed; when the controller does not detect the low pulse signal all the time, the relay KA is proved not to be disconnected, and the step 6 is performed;
step 3: the relay breaking feedback circuit A and the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A are powered on to work rapidly, the semiconductor switch QA is conducted, and power is continuously supplied to a load through the semiconductor switch QA;
step 4: at the moment, the electronic switch QA trigger signal is closed, and the semiconductor switch trigger circuit B gives a semiconductor switch QB closing instruction;
step 5: at the A, B voltage intersection point, the semiconductor switch QA is naturally turned off, the relay KB is closed, the B-phase semiconductor switch QB is naturally turned off by short-circuit zero current, and the phase change process is safely completed;
step 6: at the moment, in order to avoid short-circuit accidents, the controller maintains the existing state, does not send a closing instruction signal to the relay KB and the semiconductor switch QB, avoids the short-circuit accidents, and simultaneously ensures that the output side continues to supply power.
In this embodiment, the relay may be selected from the following types: magnetic latching relays, common relays, and contactors; the semiconductor switch may be selected from the group consisting of: unidirectional and bidirectional thyristors.
In this embodiment, the phase a is switched to the phase B as an example, but the technical scheme of the present invention is applicable to any other mutual switching between two phases.
Claims (2)
1. A method for preventing relay failure short circuit in a three-phase circuit phase selection process, the method relates to a three-phase circuit phase selection switch system for preventing relay failure short circuit, the three-phase circuit phase selection switch system comprises: the relay KA, the relay KB and the relay KC are respectively arranged on the three-phase circuit, the semiconductor switch QA, the semiconductor switch QB and the semiconductor switch QC are respectively connected in parallel with the relay KA, the relay KB and the relay KC, the semiconductor switch QA and the relay KA form a composite switch A, the semiconductor switch QB and the relay KB form a composite switch B, and the semiconductor switch QC and the relay KC form a composite switch C; further comprises: the relay breaking feedback circuit comprises a semiconductor switch trigger circuit A, a semiconductor switch trigger circuit B, a semiconductor switch trigger circuit C, a relay breaking feedback circuit A, a relay breaking feedback circuit B and a relay breaking feedback circuit C; the relay breaking feedback circuit A, the relay breaking feedback circuit B and the relay breaking feedback circuit C provide feedback signals to judge whether the corresponding relay KA, the relay KB and the relay KC are disconnected or not; the relay breaking feedback circuit A is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A in series and then connected with the compound switch A in parallel; the relay breaking feedback circuit B is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit B in series and then connected with the compound switch B in parallel; the relay breaking feedback circuit C is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit C in series and then connected with the compound switch C in parallel; the method is characterized in that the switching from the A phase to the B phase comprises the following steps:
before commutation, the relay KA is in a suction state;
step 1: the controller sends a disconnection instruction to the relay KA; meanwhile, the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A gives a signal instruction to the semiconductor switch QA; because the mechanical relay has inherent action delay characteristic, the relay is still in a closed state, the voltage at two ends of the semiconductor switch QA is zero, and the semiconductor switch is still in an open state;
step 2: after a period of time delay, if the controller receives a relay disconnection feedback signal of the relay disconnection feedback circuit A, turning to the step 3; if the controller does not receive the relay disconnection feedback signal of the relay disconnection feedback circuit A all the time, turning to the step 6;
step 3: the relay breaking feedback circuit A and the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A are powered on to work rapidly, the semiconductor switch QA is conducted, and power is continuously supplied to a load through the semiconductor switch;
step 4: at the moment, the semiconductor switch QA trigger signal is closed, and the semiconductor switch trigger circuit B gives a semiconductor switch QB closing instruction;
step 5: at the A, B voltage intersection point, the semiconductor switch QA is naturally turned off, the relay KB is closed, the B-phase semiconductor switch QB is naturally turned off by short-circuit zero current, and the phase change process is safely completed;
step 6: at the moment, in order to avoid short-circuit accidents, the controller maintains the existing state, does not send a closing instruction signal to the relay KB and the semiconductor switch QB, avoids the short-circuit accidents, and simultaneously ensures that the output side continues to supply power.
2. A method for preventing relay failure short circuit in a three-phase circuit phase selection process, the method relates to a three-phase circuit phase selection switch system for preventing relay failure short circuit, the three-phase circuit phase selection switch system comprises: the relay KA, the relay KB and the relay KC are respectively arranged on the three-phase circuit, the semiconductor switch QA, the semiconductor switch QB and the semiconductor switch QC are respectively connected in parallel with the relay KA, the relay KB and the relay KC, the semiconductor switch QA and the relay KA form a composite switch A, the semiconductor switch QB and the relay KB form a composite switch B, and the semiconductor switch QC and the relay KC form a composite switch C; further comprises: the relay breaking feedback circuit comprises a semiconductor switch trigger circuit A, a semiconductor switch trigger circuit B, a semiconductor switch trigger circuit C, a relay breaking feedback circuit A, a relay breaking feedback circuit B and a relay breaking feedback circuit C; the relay breaking feedback circuit A, the relay breaking feedback circuit B and the relay breaking feedback circuit C provide feedback signals to judge whether the corresponding relay KA, the relay KB and the relay KC are disconnected or not; the relay breaking feedback circuit A is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A in series and then connected with the compound switch A in parallel; the relay breaking feedback circuit B is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit B in series and then connected with the compound switch B in parallel; the relay breaking feedback circuit C is connected with the semiconductor switch trigger circuit C in series and then connected with the compound switch C in parallel; the relay breaking feedback circuit A, the relay breaking feedback circuit B and the relay breaking feedback circuit C are composed of an optocoupler OPT1, a current limiting resistor R8, a clamping diode TVS1 and an anti-reflection diode D1; the method is characterized in that the switching from the A phase to the B phase comprises the following steps:
before commutation, the relay KA is in a suction state; before the controller makes the relay KA break, firstly the thyristor trigger signal SCR_A is high level, because the relay KA is in a non-breaking state at this time, the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A and the relay breaking feedback circuit A are in a power-off non-working state,
step 1: the controller sends a disconnection instruction to the relay KA; meanwhile, the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A gives a signal instruction to the semiconductor switch QA; because the mechanical relay has inherent action delay characteristic, the relay KA is still in a closed state, the voltage at two ends of the semiconductor switch QA is zero, and the semiconductor switch is still in an open state;
step 2: after a period of time delay, forward current is supplied to the optocoupler OPT1 and the silicon controlled trigger circuit through the current limiting resistor R9 and the anti-reflection diode D1 at the breaking moment, the output signal RL_ER_A of the optocoupler OPT1 is pulled down, the voltage of the two ends of the silicon controlled rectifier Q1 is completely conducted to be low after a few microseconds, the output side signal RL_ER_A of the optocoupler OPT1 without trigger voltage is pulled up, and when the controller detects a low-voltage pulse signal, the relay KA is proved to be disconnected, and the step 3 is performed; when the controller does not detect the low pulse signal all the time, the relay KA is proved not to be disconnected, and the step 6 is performed;
step 3: the relay breaking feedback circuit A and the semiconductor switch trigger circuit A are powered on to work rapidly, the semiconductor switch QA is conducted, and power is continuously supplied to a load through the semiconductor switch;
step 4: at the moment, the semiconductor switch QA trigger signal is closed, and the semiconductor switch trigger circuit B gives a semiconductor switch QB closing instruction;
step 5: at the A, B voltage intersection point, the semiconductor switch QA is naturally turned off, the relay KB is closed, the B-phase semiconductor switch is naturally turned off by short-circuit zero current, and the phase change process is safely completed;
step 6: at the moment, in order to avoid short-circuit accidents, the controller maintains the existing state, does not send a closing instruction signal to the relay KB and the semiconductor switch QB, avoids the short-circuit accidents, and simultaneously ensures that the output side continues to supply power.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810425755.4A CN108390400B (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2018-05-07 | Three-phase circuit phase selection switch system and method for preventing relay from failure short circuit |
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| CN201810425755.4A CN108390400B (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2018-05-07 | Three-phase circuit phase selection switch system and method for preventing relay from failure short circuit |
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| CN108390400B true CN108390400B (en) | 2023-11-21 |
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