CN108387879B - Clutter map unit median detection method based on adaptive normalized matched filtering - Google Patents
Clutter map unit median detection method based on adaptive normalized matched filtering Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract
The invention discloses a clutter map unit median detection method based on adaptive normalized matched filtering, which mainly solves the problem of poor detection performance in the prior art, and adopts the technical scheme that: transmitting a pulse signal by using a radar transmitter, receiving echo data by using a radar receiver, wherein the echo sequence in each resolution unit of the echo data is Z; calculating a test statistic xi for Z by using a self-adaptive normalized matched filter; processing the median value of the unit by xi to obtain processed dataTo pairCarrying out clutter map updating processing to obtain a scanning estimation valueEstimating a clutter map threshold factor T by using a Monte Carlo experiment; calculating test statistic xi and scan estimation valueAnd comparing the ratio C with the threshold factor T to detect to obtain a detected result. The method improves the performance of target detection under the sea clutter background, improves the robustness of abnormal data resistance, and can be used for sea surface target detection under a moving or static coherent system platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of signal processing, and particularly relates to a clutter map unit median detection method which can be used for target detection under a moving or static coherent system platform.
Background
The target detection technology under the background of sea clutter is a crucial research direction in radar application technology, and has been widely applied in military and civil fields. When the radar works in a sea mode, a scanning scene is complex and the range is large, and radar echoes often contain various types of clutter including sea clutter, ground clutter, island clutter, offshore clutter and the like. The echo intensity of the ground clutter and the island clutter is strong, the target detection under the background of the sea clutter is seriously influenced, and a complex clutter scene and clutter characteristics form a main obstacle for detecting the sea surface target. Because the clutter intensity is influenced by factors such as sea conditions, particularly, the sea clutter intensity in the offshore area is very violently converted in an airspace, and if a traditional airspace CFAR processing method is adopted, only a few reference units can be adopted, so that the false alarm rate loss is very large, and the false alarm rate is not easy to keep constant. In general, although the clutter varies greatly in distance and direction, the clutter intensity of the same range unit varies slowly with time, so that a time domain constant false alarm processing method, namely a clutter map CFAR method, can be adopted.
The document "Nitzberg R. Clutter map CFAR analysis [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic systems,1986(4): 419-. The method divides the radar space into clutter map units to work, and forms the intensity estimation of clutter background at the detection unit according to the multiple scanning values of the detection unit. The clutter map stores the magnitude of the clutter intensity for each azimuth-range unit, each value being updated on new and previous iterations of scan measurements, and it is used as an estimate of the intensity of the current clutter background. The method proposed by Nitzberg only utilizes the time domain information of the resolution unit, and the document "Shenfumin, Liutowns. clutter map CFAR plane detection technology [ J ]. systematic engineering and electronic technology, 1996,18 (7): 9-14 "propose a clutter map unit average CFAR plane technique suitable for processing sea wave clutter, which firstly carries out unit average on each resolution unit amplitude in the clutter map unit and then carries out iterative processing. The method combines spatial processing and time domain processing, utilizes information of a near resolution unit, and improves detection performance to a certain extent compared with the method proposed by the Nitzberg.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a clutter map unit median detection method based on adaptive normalized matched filtering to improve the abnormal data resistance and the target detection performance aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) transmitting a pulse signal by using a radar transmitter, receiving echo data formed by sea surface scattering by using a radar receiver, wherein the echo data is a four-dimensional matrix comprising scanning turns, a pulse dimension, a distance dimension and a wave position dimension, a minimum processing unit of each azimuth-distance two-dimensional plane is called a resolution unit, and an echo sequence in each resolution unit is Z:
Z=[z1,z2,...,zi,...,zN],
wherein z isiRepresents the ith echo data, and N represents the pulse number;
(2) the echo sequence Z in each resolution unit is subjected to self-adaptive normalized matched filtering processing to obtain the test statistic xi of the echo sequence in each resolution unitn(k):
Where p denotes the normalized steering vector, ξn(k) Denotes the test statistic for the kth resolution element of the nth scan, n ═ 1, 2.., L denotes the number of scan cycles, (·)HRepresenting a conjugate transpose operation, (.)-1It is shown that the inversion operation on the matrix,represents the covariance matrix:
wherein M represents the number of reference cells, zmRepresenting reference unit echo data;
(3) test statistic xi for echo sequence in all resolution cellsn(k) Performing unit median processing on an azimuth-distance two-dimensional plane to obtain data processed by the kth resolution unit of the nth scanningFromThe data processed by the kth resolution unit of the (n-1) th scanning is taken out
(4) Data processed by the kth resolution unit of the (n-1) th scanningUpdating the clutter map to obtain the estimated value of the kth resolution unit in the nth scanning
(5) For test statistic xin(k) Carrying out self-adaptive detection:
(5a) estimating a clutter map threshold factor T by using a Monte Carlo experiment according to the format of the data to be detected and different false alarm rate requirements;
(5b) calculating test statistic xin(k) Estimated value of the nth scanningAnd comparing C with a threshold factor T:
if C is larger than or equal to T, the detection unit is considered to contain the target, namely the corresponding unit in the detection result is set to be 1;
if C is less than T, the detection unit is determined to have no target, namely, the corresponding unit in the detection result is set to 0.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) according to the invention, the echo data is processed by using the adaptive normalized matched filtering, so that the detection performance is improved under the background of K distributed clutter;
2) the invention utilizes the unit median method to process the data in the detection window, thereby improving the robustness of the abnormal data resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a selection of reference cells in the estimated covariance matrix according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a selection of a value processing window in a unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of detection probabilities obtained using the present invention and a prior art method.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
referring to fig. 1, the implementation steps of the invention are as follows:
Transmitting a pulse signal by using a radar transmitter, receiving echo data formed by sea surface scattering by using a radar receiver, wherein the echo data is a four-dimensional matrix comprising scanning turns, a pulse dimension, a distance dimension and a wave position dimension, and a minimum processing unit of each azimuth-distance two-dimensional plane is called a resolution unit;
the echo sequence in each resolution cell is Z:
Z=[z1,z2,...,zi,...,zN],
wherein z isiIndicates the ith echo data and N indicates the number of pulses.
And 2, carrying out self-adaptive normalized matched filtering processing on the echo sequence.
(2a) The selected reference unit:
referring to fig. 2, the embodiment of this step is specifically as follows:
(2a1) respectively taking each echo sequence z as a detection unit, and selecting protection units on two sides of the detection unit in order to prevent a target from entering a reference unit;
(2a2) m resolution units are selected as reference units on both sides of the detection unit, wherein z is shown in FIG. 21,z2,...,zm,...,zMI.e., the selected reference cell, wherein zmRepresenting the echo sequence of the mth reference unit, wherein the value of M is 1, 2.. multidot.M;
(2b) echo sequence z from the mth reference unitmThe covariance matrix of the detection unit is calculated by adopting a normalized sampling covariance matrix NSCM
Wherein M represents the number of reference cells, zmRepresenting reference unit echo data, (.)HRepresents a conjugate transpose operation;
(2c) determining the Doppler shift f of a targetdCalculating a normalized steering vector p:
wherein, (.)TRepresenting a transpose operation;
(2d) the echo sequence Z in each resolution unit is subjected to self-adaptive normalized matched filtering processing to obtain the test statistic xi of the echo sequence in each resolution unitn(k):
Wherein ξn(k) Represents the test statistic for the nth scan of the kth resolution element, n ═ 1, 2.., L represents the number of scan cycles, (·)-1Representing the inversion operation on the matrix.
Step 3For test statistic xin(k) And carrying out unit median processing.
(3a) Selecting a unit median processing window on an azimuth-distance two-dimensional plane:
referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of this step is: to test the statistic xin(k) Selecting X × Y resolution units around the rectangular window as unit median processing window, and processing with xi in the unit median processing windown(k) The center selects a multiplied by b resolution units as a protection window, and the other resolution units as reference units, wherein X represents the length of the window in the direction dimension, and Y represents the length of the window in the distance dimension; a represents the length of the protection window in the azimuth dimension, b represents the length of the protection window in the distance dimension; the example sets X to 7, Y to 7, a to 3, b to 3;
(3b) test statistic xi for echo sequence in all resolution cellsn(k) Unit median processing is performed on a window:
(3b1) for test statistic xin(k) Arranging the reference unit data in all the 7 multiplied by 7 square windows from small to big respectively;
(3b2) taking the median of the sorted results as the data at the center point of the 7 × 7 square window, wherein the data is the data after the median processing in the unitFromThe data processed by the kth resolution unit of the (n-1) th scanning is taken out
And 4, updating the clutter map.
Data processed by the kth resolution unit of the (n-1) th scanningUpdating the clutter map to obtain the estimated value of the kth resolution unit in the nth scanning
Wherein, omega is a forgetting factor, and the value thereof is [0,1]A constant of (d); in the engineering, omega is designed to take the detection performance and the operation speed into consideration, the value of omega is 0.125,the estimate of the kth resolution element for the (n-1) th scan is shown.
And 5, carrying out self-adaptive detection processing on the echo sequence.
(5a) Estimating a clutter map threshold factor T by using a Monte Carlo experiment according to the format of data to be detected and different false alarm rate requirements:
(5a1) determining a needed false alarm rate index, and counting the length of each dimension of the data to be detected;
(5a2) generating corresponding pure clutter data according to the false alarm rate index and the format of the original data;
(5a3) processing the pure clutter data according to the steps (2) to (4) to obtain corresponding test statistic xin(k) Estimated value of the nth scanning
(5a4) Since the threshold factor is independent of the position of the reference cell, an initial threshold factor T is calculated based on the adaptive detection criterioniWherein i represents the ith Monte Carlo experiment and is performed by the following formula:
(5a5) repeating the test for multiple times independently, and obtaining the initial threshold factor T each timeiSorting in descending order, and taking (5a1) the determined corresponding false alarm rateTaking the lower threshold factor as a final threshold factor T;
(5b) calculating test statistic xin(k) Estimated value of the nth scanningThe ratio of (A) to (B):and compares C with a threshold factor T:
if C is larger than or equal to T, the detection unit is considered to contain the target, namely the corresponding unit in the detection result is set to be 1;
if C is less than T, the detection unit is determined to have no target, namely, the corresponding unit in the detection result is set to 0.
And completing clutter map unit median target detection based on adaptive normalized matched filtering based on the steps 1 to 5.
The effect of the present invention will be further explained with the simulation experiment.
1. Simulation parameters
The data used in the simulation experiment is data of a certain motion platform.
2. Content of simulation experiment
Simulation experiment, for a certain motion platform data, the method of the invention and the clutter map detection method based on unit averaging are respectively adopted to carry out target detection, the detection result is shown in fig. 4, the horizontal axis in fig. 4 represents the signal-to-clutter ratio, the vertical axis represents the detection probability, and the solid line in fig. 4 represents the sea surface target detection result obtained by adopting the invention; the dotted line in fig. 4 represents the detection result obtained by the MTD cascade unit average clutter map detection method;
as can be seen from FIG. 4, the detection result obtained by the method of the present invention is significantly better than the detection result obtained by the prior art.
In summary, the clutter map unit median target detection method based on adaptive normalized matched filtering provided by the invention improves the sea surface target detection performance under the condition of a moving or static coherent system platform, and improves the abnormal data resistance performance.
Claims (4)
1. A clutter map unit median detection method based on adaptive normalized matched filtering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) transmitting a pulse signal by using a radar transmitter, receiving echo data formed by sea surface scattering by using a radar receiver, wherein the echo data is a four-dimensional matrix comprising scanning turns, a pulse dimension, a distance dimension and a wave position dimension, a minimum processing unit of each azimuth-distance two-dimensional plane is called a resolution unit, and an echo sequence in each resolution unit is Z:
Z=[z1,z2,...,zi,...,zN],
wherein z isiRepresents the ith echo data, and N represents the pulse number;
(2) the echo sequence Z in each resolution unit is subjected to self-adaptive normalized matched filtering processing to obtain the test statistic xi of the echo sequence in each resolution unitn(k):
Where p denotes the normalized steering vector, ξn(k) Denotes the test statistic for the kth resolution element of the nth scan, n ═ 1, 2.., L denotes the number of scan cycles, (·)HRepresenting a conjugate transpose operation, (.)-1It is shown that the inversion operation on the matrix,represents the covariance matrix:
wherein M represents the number of reference cells, zmRepresenting reference unit echo data;
(3) test statistic xi for echo sequence in all resolution cellsn(k) In azimuth-distance two-dimensional planePerforming unit median processing on the surface to obtain data processed by the kth resolution unit of the nth scanningFromThe data processed by the kth resolution unit of the (n-1) th scanning is taken out
(4) Data processed by the kth resolution unit of the (n-1) th scanningUpdating the clutter map to obtain the estimated value of the kth resolution unit in the nth scanning
(5) For test statistic xin(k) Carrying out self-adaptive detection:
(5a) estimating a clutter map threshold factor T by using a Monte Carlo experiment according to the format of the data to be detected and different false alarm rate requirements;
(5b) calculating test statistic xin(k) Estimated value of the nth scanningAnd comparing C with a threshold factor T:
if C is larger than or equal to T, the distinguishing unit is considered to contain the target, namely the corresponding unit in the detection result is set to be 1;
if C is less than T, the distinguishing unit is determined to have no target, namely the corresponding unit in the detection result is set to 0.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the examination of the echo sequence in all resolution cells in step (3) is performedStatistic xin(k) Performing unit median processing on an azimuth-distance two-dimensional plane, and performing the following steps:
(3a) setting a window of unit median processing as a 7 multiplied by 7 square window, taking a3 multiplied by 3 protection window at the center point of the square window as a protection unit, and taking the rest units as reference units;
(3b) for test statistic xin(k) All the reference unit data in the 7 multiplied by 7 square window are arranged from small to big respectively;
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the data processed at the kth resolution cell for the (n-1) th scan in step (4)Updating the clutter map by the following formula:
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (5) of estimating the clutter map threshold factor T using a monte carlo experiment is performed according to the format of the data to be detected and different false alarm rate requirements, and is performed by the steps of:
(5a) generating corresponding pure clutter data according to the false alarm rate requirement and the format of the data to be detected;
(5b) processing the pure clutter data according to the steps (2) to (4) to obtain corresponding test statistic xin(k) Estimated value of the nth scanning
(5c) Since the threshold factor is independent of the reference cell position, the initial threshold factor T is obtained according to the adaptive detection criterioni:
(5d) Independently repeating the test for multiple times to obtain an initial threshold factor TiAnd performing descending arrangement, and taking the threshold factor under the corresponding false alarm rate as the final threshold factor T.
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